Cinema of Europe
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Cinema of Europe refers to the film industries and films produced in the continent of Europe.
Europeans were the pioneers of the motion picture industry, with several innovative engineers and artists making an impact especially at the end of the 19th century. Louis Le Prince became famous for his 1888 Roundhay Garden Scene, the first known celluloid film recorded. The Skladanowsky brothers from Berlin used their "Bioscop" to amaze the Wintergarten theatre audience with the first film show ever, from November 1 through 31, 1895. The Lumière Brothers established the Cinematograph; which initiated the silent film era, a period where European cinema was a major commercial success. It remained so until the art-hostile environment of World War II.[1]
Notable European early film movements include German Expressionism (1920s), Soviet Montage (1920s), French Impressionist Cinema (1920s), Poetic realism (1930s), and Italian neorealism (1940s); it was a period now seen in retrospect as "The Other Hollywood". The first large-scale film studio was also established in Europe, with the Babelsberg Studio near Berlin in 1912.
Post World War II movements include Free Cinema (1950s), French New Wave (1950s–60s), Polish Film School (1950s–60s), Czechoslovak New Wave (1960s), New German Cinema (1960s–80s), British New Wave (1950s–60s), Spaghetti Western (1960s) and Novo Cinema (1960s–70s). The turn of the 21st century has seen movements such as Dogme 95, New French Extremity and the Romanian New Wave.
History
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19th century
Antoine Lumière realized, on 28 December 1895, the first projection, with the Cinematograph, in Paris.[2][3][4] In 1897, Georges Méliès established the first cinema studio on a rooftop property in Montreuil, near Paris.
20th century
The European Film Academy was founded in 1988 to annually celebrate European cinema through the European Film Awards.
Philippe Binant realized, on 2 February 2000, the first digital cinema projection in Europe, with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments, in Paris.[5][6][7]
Europa Cinemas
Europa Cinemas was founded in 1992, funded by the European Union's MEDIA Programme, Euromed Audiovisual, the Council of Europe Eurimages fund, as well as support from France's Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs and National Center of Cinematography and the moving image.
Europa Cinemas is a network of over 1000 cinemas in 588 cities and 60 countries, providing support to cinemas that commit to the screening of European films; it is an effort increase the circulation of European cinema and facilitate international projects and co-operation between cinemas.[8]
Film festivals
- Others
Film awards
Directors
- Ingmar Bergman
- Milos Forman
- Federico Fellini
- Roman Polanski
- Lumière brothers
- Taviani brothers
- Ettore Scola
- Carl Theodor Dreyer
- François Truffaut
- Andrzej Wajda
- Alfred Hitchcock
- Charlie Chaplin
- Jean-Luc Godard
- Louis Malle
- Rainer Werner Fassbinder
- Bo Widerberg
- Michelangelo Antonioni
- Jean Renoir
- Victor Sjöström
- Ridley Scott
- Christopher Nolan
- Richard Attenborough
- Alan Parker
- Tony Scott
- Adrian Lyne
- Paul Greengrass
- Gareth Edwards
- Luis Buñuel
- Bille August
- Lasse Hallström
- David Lean
- John Schlesinger
- Michael Powell
- Peter Greenaway
- Pier Paolo Pasolini
- Sergio Leone
- Jacques Tati
- Margarethe von Trotta
- Lars von Trier
- Werner Herzog
- Sven Nykvist
- Bernardo Bertolucci
- Wim Wenders
- Vittorio De Sica
- Volker Schlöndorff
- Eric Rohmer
- Kenneth Branagh
- Roberto Rossellini
- Franco Zeffirelli
- Luchino Visconti
- Gillo Pontecorvo
- Dino De Laurentiis
- Giuseppe Tornatore
- Fritz Lang
- Georges Méliès
- Jan Troell
- Mai Zetterling
- Marcel Carné
- Jean Vigo
- Claude Chabrol
- Robert Bresson
- Jacques Rivette
- Roger Vadim
- Jacques Demy
- Alain Resnais
- Luc Besson
- Jiri Menzel
- Georg Wilhelm Pabst
- Andrej Tarkovskij
- Sergei Eisenstein
- Sam Mendes
- Carol Reed
- Krzysztof Kieślowski
- Manoel de Oliveira
- Pedro Almodóvar
- Otto Preminger
- Max Ophüls
- Michael Haneke
- Emir Kusturica
- Hrafn Gunnlaugsson
- Theo Angelopoulos
- István Szabó
- Tonino Guerra
- Giuseppe de Santis
- Agnieszka Holland
- Agnès Varda
- Bertrand Tavernier
- Ken Loach
Actors
- Charlie Chaplin
- Greta Garbo
- Ingrid Bergman
- Jeanne Moreau
- Brigitte Bardot
- Jean Gabin
- Erland Josephson
- Max von Sydow
- Liv Ullmann
- Stellan Skarsgård
- Pernilla August
- Lena Olin
- Anna Q. Nilsson
- Ghita Nørby
- Bibi Andersson
- Harriet Andersson
- Gérard Depardieu
- Laurence Olivier
- Ingrid Thulin
- Peter O'Toole
- Minnie Driver
- Juliette Binoche
- Michael Redgrave
- Vanessa Redgrave
- Nastassja Kinski
- Claudia Cardinale
- Sophia Loren
- Marcello Mastroianni
- Giulietta Masina
- Catherine Deneuve
- Catherine Zeta-Jones
- Anthony Hopkins
- Daniel Day-Lewis
- Vivien Leigh
- Audrey Hepburn
- Charlotte Gainsbourg
- Gina Lollobrigida
- Bruno Ganz
- Fanny Ardant
- Charlotte Rampling
- Isabelle Huppert
- Louis Jouvet
- Isabelle Adjani
- Daniel Auteuil
- Emmanuelle Béart
- Vittorio Gassman
- Michael Caine
- Julie Christie
- Michel Piccoli
- Erich von Stroheim
- Alec Guinness
- Melina Mercouri
- Irene Papas
- Maurice Chevalier
- Silvana Mangano
- Kristin Scott Thomas
- Kate Winslet
- Derek Jacobi
- Dirk Bogarde
See also
- List of cinema of the world
- List of European films
- Cinema of the world
- World cinema
- European Film Promotion
- Media Plus
References
- ^ "Cinema Europe: The Other Hollywood". Rovi. The New York Times. Retrieved 2013-07-18.
- ^ December 28, 1895.
- ^ Georges Sadoul, Histoire du cinéma mondial, des origines à nos jours, Flammarion, Paris, 1968, p. 19
- ^ Institut Lumière.
- ^ Cahiers du cinéma, n°hors-série, Paris, April 2000, p. 32 (cf. also Histoire des communications, 2011, p. 10.).
- ^ Cf. Binant, " Au cœur de la projection numérique ", Actions, 29, Kodak, Paris, 2007, p. 12.
- ^ Claude Forest, « De la pellicule aux pixels : l'anomie des exploitants de salles de cinéma », in Laurent Creton, Kira Kitsopanidou (sous la direction de), Les salles de cinéma : enjeux, défis et perspectives, Armand Colin / Recherche, Paris, 2013, p. 116.
- ^ "About us". Europa Cinemas. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
- ^ Bordwell, David (2005). Figures Traced in Light: On Cinematic Staging. University of California Press. p. 144. ISBN 9780520241978.
Because reputations were made principally on the festival circuit, the filmmaker had to find international financing and distribution and settle for minor festivals before arriving at one of the Big Three (Berlin, Cannes, Venice).
- ^ Wong, Cindy Hing-Yuk (2011). Film Festivals: Culture, People, and Power on the Global Screen. Rutgers University Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780813551104.
Whether we talk about the Big Three festivals—Cannes, Venice, Berlin—look at Sundance, Tribeca, and Toronto in North America, or examine other significant world festivals in Hong Kong, Pusan, Locarno, Rotterdam, San Sebastián, and Mar del Plata, the insistent global icons of all festivals are films, discoveries, auteurs, stars, parties, and awards.
External links
- Europa Cinemas
- Top 10 movies from Spain according to IMDB.com
- Cineuropa
- European Cinema Research Forum
- European Film Promotion
- French Trade-Union article about cinema in Europe, may 2009
- 7 Surprising European Films A look at European game changers from 2000 to 2011
- European Audiovisual Observatory
- European Film Industry Statistics
- LUMIERE European Cinema Database