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Freeview (New Zealand)

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This article is about the New Zealand digital terrestrial television brand. For other uses of the branding, see Freeview.

Freeview New Zealand Limited
IndustryDigital television provider
Founded2 May 2007 (2007-05-02)
Headquarters
Auckland City
,
New Zealand
Websitewww.freeviewnz.tv

Freeview is a non-profit organisation providing free-to-air digital television and digital radio to New Zealand. The organisation is a joint venture between the country's major free to air broadcasters – government owned Television New Zealand and Radio New Zealand, government subsidised Māori Television, and the Australian owned Ironbridge Capital company MediaWorks New Zealand (operators of TV3, FOUR and The Edge TV). The Freeview service consists of a high definition-capable digital terrestrial television service, called Freeview|HD, to around 86% of the population in the major urban and provincial centres of New Zealand, and a standard definition digital satellite television service, called Freeview Satellite, covering the whole of mainland New Zealand and the major offshore islands. Freeview uses the DVB-S and DVB-T standards on government provided spectrum.

The Freeview service started in May 2007, introducing free-to-air digital television to the country and preparing for analogue switchoff, which began on 30 September 2012 and was completed on 1 December 2013a.[1] In 2014 it was estimated that Freeview makes up approximately 61.7% of the digital television share in New Zealand.

Freeview-certified set-top boxes and IDTVs, as well as PVRs, are available at most major New Zealand retailers. Uncertified equipment can also be used to receive the service, which may have advantages (cheaper, extra features, international channels) and disadvantages (no/limited EPG, no auto-retuning) over certified equipment.

History

Former logo

It was announced[by whom?] on 15 June 2006 that Freeview's free-to-air digital TV service would broadcast via satellite (DVB-S) from mid-2007 and via terrestrial transmissions (DVB-T) from mid-2008. Freeview's marketing campaign began on 23 April 2007 through a website and through four television advertisements shown on Freeview's shareholders' TV channels, using the slogan "Make bad reception a thing of the past", and showing people using proverbial substitutes for rabbit ears for receiving TV reception. Since 2012, Māori comedian Pio Terei has been the advertising face of Freeview.

Freeview's satellite service began on 2 May 2007 with five television channels: TV One, TV2, TV3, C4, and Māori Television. Freeview's first digital-only channel, TVNZ Sport Extra temporary channel from TVNZ, began on 18 May 2007, providing coverage of the V8 Supercar racing. The channel has since ceased broadcasting.

The Freeview terrestrial service, named "Freeview|HD", officially launched on 14 April 2008. The service initially operated only from Kordia sites for areas surrounding Auckland, Hamilton, Tauranga, Napier-Hastings, Palmerston North, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin. JDA sites were upgraded later[by whom?] with DVB-T QAM modulating multiplexers for non-metro areas.

Services

Virtual channels

The Freeview ordering groups broadcasters by how much they pay for government owned Kordia transmission services.[2]

Main article: List of free-to-air channels in New Zealand § Freeview

Higher viewership nationwide

Lower viewership nationwide

  1. ^ Terrestrial coverage is limited to Kordia sites in Auckland, Waikato, Tauranga, Hawke's Bay, Manawatu, Kapiti, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin

Locally inserted terrestrial only[4]

Local independent non-Freeview terrestrial only

  1. ^ a b Formerly on UHF-50 (706 MHz), these channels were forced off this frequency on 1 December 2013. These channels will return early 2014 with a infill for the far northern Auckland community close to the Whangaparaoa Peninsula on UHF-26 (514 MHz). DTV channels above 698 MHz should never have been allocated due to the planned reallocation of the 700 MHz spectrum for LTE mobile networks.
  2. ^ a b Due to the lack of a well defined numbering system (administrated and encoded by TVNZ), the digital terrestrial Christchurch only Kordia service CTV falls into the 40 to 49 range, even though there are unused numbers in the 30 - 39 range and the Cue TV digital terrestrial Invercargill only service (which started after the nationwide satellite service), used the 20 to 29 range on both platforms.

MHEG Interaction Channel

MHEG-IC channels are from LCN 200 to 299. From 2011 it is mandatory for all TVs over 32inch and PVRs to include IP based MHEG Interaction Channel. It's optional on receivers to ensure that a lower cost option is available as New Zealand heads towards DSO.[5]

In October 2014, Worldnet TV launched the first commercial MHEG-IC channel in New Zealand and was added to JDA regional sites as an MHEG-IC application on LCN 250 which includes seven live streams.[6][7] As of 29 October 2014, live channels include NHK World, Arirang TV, MBC, Yonhap, MBN, HiTV+ and BTN.

Metadata

Freeview has its own eight-day electronic programme guide (EPG), named Freeview EPG; TVNZ's Teletext service was also available until it was discontinued in April 2013.[8] The EPG via the satellite service provides an eight-day schedule with programme details on both a traditional EIT and MHEG-5 application, whereas the EPG via the terrestrial service has limited programme details via the traditional EIT with full details available only via the MHEG-5 application.[9]

For all certified NZ Freeview (also all Australian "Freeview EPG" branded) receivers to activate the MHEG-5 EPG, the receiver must remap the remote control's guide button to be an extended function key for use by MHEG-5 applications which are normally limited to the four coloured buttons for launching functions. This is more common on terrestrial than on satellite due to the differences in launch dates. Receivers that do this make the traditional EIT function useless, which is why independent local broadcasters (such as the Hawke's Bay's TVHB) have to pay Freeview to include their scheduling details within the Freeview guide. Broadcasters within the UK do not have this problem as they only use the traditional EIT with MHEG-5's use limited to interactive services such as the Red Button Teletext replacement and internet streaming services.

During the third week of December 2014, TVNZ tested using the same Huffman look-up tables the BBC implemented to force viewers to use approved Freeview receivers that restrict HD recording and viewing. The Huffman tables are being used to compress the EIT text used for terrestrial schedule event names and descriptions. From March 2015, TVNZ began compressing the EIT schedule again. Compressing the EIT text in the schedule would not achieve the same receiver use given the terrestrial EIT only has limited programme details. Receivers that don't use the BBC huffman tables will either display no details or display garbage characters.

The assigned identifiers managed by TVNZ and Kordia on behalf of Freeview are as follows:

H.222 Program IDs (aka Service IDs)

  • 10xx - TVNZ provided satellite channels
  • 12xx - TVNZ provided terrestrial channels
  • 13xx - MediaWorks provided terrestrial channels
  • 14xx - Kordia/JDA provided terrestrial channels
  • 15xx - Kordia provided terrestrial channels
  • 16xx - independently provided terrestrial channels
  • 19xx - All other provided satellite channels
  • 41xx - Sky Network Television provided terrestrial channels

H.222 Transport IDs

  • 21 for the MediaWorks leased satellite service
  • 22 for the TVNZ leased satellite service
  • 23 - 24 are reserved for future operated satellite services
  • 25 for the TVNZ operated Auckland terrestrial service
  • 26 for the TVNZ operated Waikato/Bay of Plenty terrestrial service
  • 27 for the TVNZ operated Wellington terrestrial service
  • 28 for the TVNZ operated South Island terrestrial service
  • 29 for the MediaWorks operated Auckland terrestrial service
  • 30 for the MediaWorks operated Waikato/Bay of Plenty terrestrial service
  • 31 for the MediaWorks operated Wellington terrestrial service
  • 32 for the MediaWorks operated South Island terrestrial service
  • 33 for the Kordia metro (K1) and JDA (J1) regional operated terrestrial service
  • 34 for the Kordia only (K2) operated terrestrial service
  • 35 - 36 are reserved for future Kordia operated terrestrial services
  • 38 for an independently operated terrestrial service
  • 65 for the Sky Network Television operated terrestrial service

DVB Transmission Network ID for the Freeview terrestrial service is 13313.

DVB Original (content) Network ID for the terrestrial service is 8746.

DVB Transmission and Original (content) Network ID for the satellite service is 47 and registered to TVNZ.

DVB Transmission and Original (content) Network ID for the Igloo terrestrial service is 11008 and registered to Sky.

DVB-T Cell ID used by the Kordia operated terrestrial service for filtering channels by transmitter site:

This is a five digit number with the first digit identifying the transport provider, the second digit identifies the multiplexed transport, the third digit identifies the region with the final two specifying the region's transmitter site.

Distribution

As of 2013 the Freeview platform has 30 television channels and 4 radio stations.[10]

For the satellite service (up-linked from the Avalon studios in Lower Hutt), up to 18 channels will be available, with six each assigned to TVNZ and MediaWorks frequencies, and the balance to other networks.[11] Given that TVNZ's and MediaWorks's current free-to-air channels will be available on Freeview, there will be eight extra channels in total, between the two.

Defunct channels

Services (taken from AsiaSat 3S @ 105 east) that were available before the Freeview launch on satellite were Zing channels ZEE TV, Cinema, News and Punjabi, BHARAT TV, Al Jazeera Arabic and English channels, DWTV, TV5 and VOA.

The Freeview|HD Demo terrestrial channel 100 was removed to free up space for various SD channels.

The TVNZ Sport Extra channel 20 was temporarily provided for the 2008 Olympics, the space on DVB-S was later used by a regional version of TV One.

The Auckland-based STRATOS channel 21 was discontinued due to service fee increases that occurred when its ratings increased, it was later replaced by ChoiceTV. STRATOS later reemerged on pay TV under the name Face TV.

TVNZ 6 and 7 were discontinued due to the government-provided funding coming to an end and were respectively, replaced by U and an hour delay of TV One. TVNZ U was replaced by an hour delay of TV2 in 2013.

Trackside became a pay TV only channel on 14 April 2014 as a measure to raise more revenue for increased services for New Zealand Racing Board customers.

C4 closed-down on 26 June 2014 to free space for a time shifted version of FOUR.

The following channels were closed down due to being unable to meet transmission costs: Sommet Sports on 12 December 2014, Cue on 10 April 2015, and tvCentral (Hamilton and Tauranga) and TV Rotorua both on 30 April 2015.

Other broadcasters

Freeview will be open to other free-to-air broadcasters if they want to join.

According to Kordia there is space for approximately only 20 channels on the two satellite transponders that Freeview leases as of 2011. However at 22.5 MBd with a FEC of 3/4 one 23 MHz frequency can only accommodate either six SD 4:3 H.262 QPSK channels or four HD 16:9 H.264 8PSK channels while maintaining an optimal bit rate.

Quality

Satellite transmissions are broadcast in 576i, but the satellite transponder is high-definition capable. Terrestrial transmissions can be broadcast in high definition, and the government lets the broadcasters decide whether to broadcast in high definition or to continue in standard definition.

Three channels currently broadcast in high definition: TV ONE, TV2 and TV3 in 1080i[12].

Freeview satellite broadcasts have declined in quality since the service launched as TV ONE and TV3 are now being broadcast many times to provide region-specific advertisements; this reduces the bandwidth available to other channels on that frequency.[13] From July 2016, Mediaworks will deregionalise TV3 so that is uses 1 SD channel alongside its HD channel.

The TVNZ frequency currently has 8 SD channels while the MediaWorks one has 12 TV channels and 5 radio channels.

Technology

UHF terrestrial broadcasting using DVB-T H.264 (also known as DVB-T HD),[14] and currently covers 86 percent of the country's population. Only three towns with a population over 10,000 do not have terrestrial service: Queenstown (pop. 15,850), Blenheim (pop. 31,600) and Whakatane (pop. 19,750). In addition, Oamaru (pop. 13,950) has limited terrestrial service through local station 45 South TV, while coverage of Cambridge (pop. 20,600) is intermittent as hills partially block the signal from Te Aroha transmitter and Hamilton Towers transmitter is not powerful enough (63 watts) to reach the town. Freeview's terrestrial transmissions are broadcast from Kordia's and JDA's transmitter towers.

Freeview uses the DVB-T ODFM standard for terrestrial transmission, as established in 2001 with NZS6610:2001, to avoid the multipath problem caused by New Zealand's rugged topography. ATSC, the rival US standard that uses 8-VSB modulation, had a number of first gen. demodulators that couldn't handle multipath well, so it was not chosen.[15]

Terrestrial Freeview|HD is broadcast in H.264, which unlike H.262 has an expensive transmission patent licensing tax for free TV and subscription use. People who took part in the Auckland digital trial using terrestrial H.262 receivers needed to change their receivers to more expensive H.264 models in order to receive terrestrial Freeview. DVB-T H.264 is also known in other countries as DVB-T HD, due to H.262 being used for SD. Currently the government owned TVNZ and Kordia which operate the H.264 re-compression multiplexers are failing to fully meet the in Good Standing payments to be included in the MPEG-LA licensees listing. MHEG-5 is used for the electronic programming guide.

MHEG-5 support is built by the UK's Strategy and Technology who provided the similar applications for the BBC's Red Button and terrestrial internet streaming platform.

Freeview Satellite uses the Optus D1 satellite to broadcast, on two transponders, leased from Kordia. The satellite transmissions utilise H.262 video. Freeview cannot easily move to H.264 video broadcasting in the future as the encoding is unsupported by a large number of the receivers in the Freeview Satellite install base, also the additional patent licensing tax would make the satellite service even more expensive for channel operators. Unlike the terrestrial service, the satellite service broadcasts a more useful traditional DVB EPG alongside the functionally limited MHEG-5 EPG.

Freeview had discussed with Telecom about the provision of IPTV over ADSL until it was shelved due to bandwidth and availability limitations.[16]

Certification

Freeview certifies set-top boxes but does not sell them; they are marketed by electronics retailers.[11] Freeview certification centres the localisation of multimedia data, primarily for the electronic programming guide (EPG). This data is broadcast over DVB using the MHEG-5 standard. At the moment this is only used to transmit EPG data.

MyFreeview certification of digital video recorders is similar to Freeview certification, but also includes dual tuner with smart conflict resolution including alternate recordings of repeat programmes and one touch series recording from the EPG. Full fast forward and rewind cuing is available while an automatic ad skip function is not allowed. For copyrighted HD content, only devices that comply with studio DTCP are allowed to externally transfer content while all SD content is transferrable. There are no time limits on content playback. As of May 2012, there are currently two certified MyFreeview Satellite receivers available, which are from the New Zealand-based Dish TV company.

MHEG-5 is used exclusively for a full 8-day terrestrial broadcast schedule as Freeview do not fully populate the DVB EIT EPG, this means there are few uncertified terrestrial receivers on the market able to run the MHEG-5 Freeview EPG application. An uncertified terrestrial DVR would have to know the specific files to extract from the DSM-CC stream to support a full EPG.

Freeview certification requires set-top boxes to disallow high definition video output over connections that do not support HDCP. In practice this means nearly all HD CRT televisions sold in New Zealand and many early flat screen televisions can only receive high definition from an uncertified set-top box, which can output high definition over HDCP-free connections like component cables or on HDMI without HDCP.

Digital TV Labs, is an Officially Approved Test Centre for Freeview New Zealand conformance testing, where manufacturers wishing to deploy devices with the associated Freeview New Zealand logos and access to the Freeview EPG can obtain pass reports.

There are also many non-certified options are available. These and other FTA receivers have no limit on Advert Skipping nor restrict access to the recorded files or prevent streaming of recordings to other devices, Ultraplus X-9200HD PVR, Vu+ Duo, Xcruiser XDSR385HD PVR are all examples of units that are or have been sold in NZ and have all of this capability. They can also receive any other available non-freeview channel.

Terrestrial transmitters

Freeview (New Zealand) is located in New Zealand
Sky Tower
Sky Tower
Kopukairua
Kopukairua
Pukepoto
Pukepoto
Whakaroa
Whakaroa
Parihaka
Parihaka
Parikanapa
Parikanapa
Te Aroha
Te Aroha
Waiatarua
Waiatarua
Ngarara
Ngarara
Mount Taranaki
Mount Taranaki
Mount Erin
Mount Erin
Wharite
Wharite
Popoiti
Popoiti
Mount Jowett
Mount Jowett
Kaukau
Kaukau
Mount Cargill
Mount Cargill
Sugarloaf
Sugarloaf
Mount Campbell
Mount Campbell
Cave Hill
Cave Hill
Forest Hill
Forest Hill
class=notpageimage|
Map of transmitters in New Zealand - high power in red, medium power in yellow, and low power non-infill in green

A terrestrial network[17] of 64-QAM and 256-QAM capable transmitters around New Zealand are maintained by both Kordia and Johnson Dick and Associates (JDA).

Kordia owned sites are on mostly crown-owned DOC land providing TV and radio digital services to only Freeview and Igloo, whereas JDA equipped sites are only on commercial land. Shared sites such as Auckland's Sky Tower have the advantage of not requiring a separate antenna unlike Nelson's Mainland TV which is located between sites. In the Wairarapa and Southland, JDA's Popoiti and Forest Hill transmitters were used rather than Kordia's Otahoua and Hedgehope transmitters which had previously been used for UHF transmitters, necessitating viewers in these regions to rotate their outdoor antennas.

Polarisation (i.e., antenna orientation) is either horizontal/flat (H) or vertical/tall (V). A high-power site has a licensed broadcasting power of 10,000 watts or greater; a medium-power site has a licensed broadcasting power of between 500 and 10,000 watts; and a low-power site has a licensed broadcasting power of less than 500 watts.

High-power sites are Waiatarua (H) for the Auckland metropolitan area (including Pukekohe), Te Aroha (H) for the Waikato and parts of Tauranga, Mount Erin (V) for Hawke's Bay, Mount Taranaki (H) for Taranaki, Wharite (V) for the Manawatu, Kaukau for the Wellington (H) metropolitan area, Sugarloaf (H) for Christchurch, Mount Cargill (H) for Dunedin and Forest Hill (V) for Invercargill. All except the last are operated by Kordia.

Medium-power sites run by Kordia are Waiheke Island Airstrip (V) for Waiheke Island, Kopukairua (V) for Tauranga, Ngarara (V) for Kapiti, and Fitzherbert (V) for Lower Hutt and Wainuiomata.

Medium-power sites run by JDA are Parihaka (V) for Whangarei, Sky Tower (V) for Auckland, Pukepoto (V) for Rotorua, Whakaroa (V) for Taupo, Parikanapa (H) and Wheatstone Road (H) for Gisborne, Popoiti (H) for the Wairarapa, Mount Campbell (V) and Botanical Ridge (H) for Nelson, and Cave Hill (V) for Timaru.

Low-power sites run are Pinehill (H) for Auckland's North Shore,[nb 1] Remuera (V) for the Remuera area, Hamilton Towers (V) for Hamilton city, Napier Airport (V) for northern Napier, Mount Jowett (H) for Whanganui, Baxters Knob (H) for Porirua and Tawa, and Haywards (V) for the Hutt Valley. All except the last are operated by Kordia.

Finance

Freeview is the second digital TV system attempted by the government. The first, in 2000, cost NZ$6.8 million.

The government will pay up to NZ$25 million and provide free radio spectrum, estimated to be worth up to NZ$10 million during the transition to digital;[18] the companies involved will pay the remaining $50 million. Canterbury TV estimates it will need to pay NZ$1 million a year if it joins Freeview.[19] The government claims a NZ$230 million benefit to the economy.[18]

Competition

SKY had a "free-to-air" package where channels similar to the ones available on Freeview were available for a monthly fee of NZ$18.29, plus an installation fee of NZ$99.[20] Around 90,000 people use this service, generally those who cannot get a high quality signal from analogue terrestrial television.[21] SKY has been relatively unaffected.[22] Because both services use Optus D1, a SKY dish can be used to receive Freeview, but a separate set-top box is required.[21][23]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ While named after the suburb of Pinehill, the transmitter is actually located in the suburb of Murrays Bay

References

  1. ^ Coleman, Jonathan (10 June 2011). "Digital switchover dates confirmed – beehive.co.nz". New Zealand Government. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  2. ^ http://www.freeviewnz.tv/media/3500/freeview_service_provider_code_of_practice_september11.pdf
  3. ^ "IMPORTANT NOTICE FOR TV3, FOUR, TV3+1 AND C4 VIEWERS USING FREEVIEW". Mediaworks New Zealand. 19 September 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
  4. ^ "Freeview Channel Guide" (PDF). Freeview. October 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  5. ^ "Freeview NZ (case study)".
  6. ^ "Free Worldnet TV channel ready to go over broadband". Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  7. ^ "Freeview Big Winners in Digital Switch Over". Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  8. ^ "FreeView Digital Broadcasting Information Summarised FAQ". Free-To-Air Digital Television – TVNZ. 2006. Retrieved 15 June 2006.
  9. ^ "EIT EPG on DVB-T".
  10. ^ "Freeview Channel Guide" (PDF). September 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
  11. ^ a b Maharey, Steve et al. (2006). Free-To-Air Digital Announcement video (Press conference).
  12. ^ "News". Retrieved 9 November 2011.
  13. ^ "Government refuses to intervene in Freeview satellite picture quality problem". Retrieved 26 June 2012.
  14. ^ "Digital Terrestrial". freeviewshop. 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2012.
  15. ^ "Transmission Platforms". Digital Television Discussion Document 2001. Retrieved 7 July 2006.
  16. ^ Pullar-Strecker, Tom (24 July 2006). "Sky watches broadband move". Stuff.
  17. ^ "Freeview coverage". Retrieved 25 September 2012.
  18. ^ a b "Free-to-air digital TV to begin roll-out" (Press release). New Zealand Government. 15 June 2006. Retrieved 15 June 2006.
  19. ^ "Alt TV changes its tune (yay)". The New Zealand Herald. 2 August 2007.
  20. ^ "Can I temporarily disconnect SKY when I'm away on holiday?". Sky TV frequently asked questions. Archived from the original on 4 December 2004. Retrieved 20 June 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ a b Trevett, Claire (15 June 2006). "18 TV channels and it's all free". NZ Herald.
  22. ^ Poland, Owen (Reporter) (2006). Freeview TV to hit Sky hard (TV-News). TV ONE.
  23. ^ "TV viewers may need two boxes". Stuff. 3 July 2006.

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