List of vice presidents of the United States
Number of vice presidents by party affiliation | |
---|---|
Republican | 20 |
Democratic | 18 |
Democratic-Republican | 6 |
Whig | 2 |
Federalist | 1 |
There have been 47 vice presidents of the United States, from John Adams to Joe Biden. Originally, the Vice President was the person who received the second most votes for President in the Electoral College. However, in the election of 1800, a tie in the electoral college between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr led to the selection of the President by the House of Representatives. To prevent such an event from happening again, the Twelfth Amendment was added to the Constitution, creating the current system where electors cast a separate ballot for the vice presidency.[1]
The Vice President has few powers or duties explicitly provided for in the Constitution. The Vice President's primary function is to succeed to the presidency if the President dies, resigns, or is impeached and removed from office. Nine vice presidents have ascended to the presidency in this way: eight through the president's death, and one, Gerald Ford, through the president's resignation. In addition, the Vice President serves as the President of the Senate and may choose to cast a tie-breaking vote on decisions made by the Senate. Vice presidents have exercised this latter power to varying extents over the years.[1] The vice presidency was described by former VP John Nance Garner in 1960 as "not worth a bucket of warm piss".[2]
Prior to passage of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, a vacancy in the office of the Vice President could not be filled until the next election. Such vacancies were common; sixteen occurred before the 25th Amendment was ratified–as a result of seven deaths, one resignation (John C. Calhoun, who resigned to enter Congress), and eight cases in which the vice president succeeded to the presidency. This amendment allowed for a vacancy to be filled with appointment by the President and confirmation by both chambers of the U.S. Congress. Since the Amendment's passage, two vice presidents have been appointed through this process, Gerald Ford of Michigan in 1973 and Nelson Rockefeller of New York in 1974.[1] The office has been vacant for 13,800 days since the beginning of the United States federal government, or for approximately 37 years and 10 months.[citation needed]
The vice presidents have been elected from 21 states. More than half of them have come from just five states, New York (11), Indiana (5), Massachusetts (4), Kentucky (3), and Texas (3). Most vice presidents have been in their 50s or 60s and had political experience prior to assuming the office.[1] The youngest person to become Vice President was John C. Breckinridge at 36 years of age.
List of vice presidents
- Parties
Democratic Democratic-Republican Federalist Republican Whig
Living former vice presidents
As of November 2014[update], there are five living former vice presidents of the United States, the oldest being George H. W. Bush (1981-1989, born 1924). The most recent death of a former vice president was that of Gerald Ford (1973–1974) (also 38th President of the United States), on December 26, 2006.
Vice President | Term of office | Date of birth |
---|---|---|
Walter Mondale | 1977–1981 | January 5, 1928 |
George H. W. Bush | 1981–1989 | June 12, 1924 |
Dan Quayle | 1989–1993 | February 4, 1947 |
Al Gore | 1993–2001 | March 31, 1948 |
Dick Cheney | 2001–2009 | January 30, 1941 |
Vice presidents who became presidents
There have been 14 vice presidents who have become President of the United States.
- John Adams, elected president in 1796, defeated in 1800.
- Thomas Jefferson, elected president in 1800 and reelected in 1804.
- Martin Van Buren, elected President in 1836, defeated in 1840.
- John Tyler, became president when William Henry Harrison died in office, lost nomination in 1844.
- Millard Fillmore, became president when Zachary Taylor died in office, lost nomination in 1852.
- Andrew Johnson, became president when Abraham Lincoln was assassinated in office, lost nomination in 1868.
- Chester A. Arthur, became president when James A. Garfield was assassinated in office, lost nomination in 1884.
- Theodore Roosevelt, became president when William McKinley was assassinated in office, elected in 1904.
- Calvin Coolidge, became president when Warren G. Harding died in office, elected in 1924.
- Harry S. Truman, became president when Franklin D. Roosevelt died in office, elected in 1948.
- Lyndon B. Johnson, became president when John F. Kennedy was assassinated in office, elected in 1964.
- Richard Nixon, elected president in 1968 and reelected in 1972.
- Gerald Ford, became president in 1974 when Richard Nixon resigned, defeated in 1976.
- George H. W. Bush, elected President in 1988, defeated in 1992.
Of the 8 vice presidents who ascended to the presidency after their predecessor's death, only 4 were subsequently elected in their own right: Theodore Roosevelt, Calvin Coolidge, Harry S. Truman, and Lyndon B. Johnson.
Only 3 vice presidents have been elected once, and then defeated in reelection: John Adams, Martin Van Buren, and George H.W. Bush.
Only 2 vice presidents have ever been elected and reelected: Thomas Jefferson and Richard Nixon (Only Jefferson served two full terms).
Richard Nixon is the only one on this list who was not serving as vice president when he was elected.
Gerald Ford was the only vice president who became president by ascension, secured his party's nomination, and then lost in the general election.
Vice presidents who later served in other offices
- John C. Calhoun, US Senator and US Secretary of State
- Richard M. Johnson, Kentucky House of Representatives
- John Tyler, Provisional Confederate States Congress
- George M. Dallas, US Ambassador to Great Britain
- John C. Breckenridge, US Senator and Confederate States Secretary of War
- Hannibal Hamlin, US Senator
- Andrew Johnson, US Senator
- Levi P. Morton, Governor of New York
- Thomas R. Marshall, Federal Coal Commission
- Charles G. Dawes, US Ambassador to Great Britain, Chairman of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation.
- Henry Wallace, US Secretary of Commerce
- Alben W. Barkley, US Senator
- Hubert H. Humphrey, US Senator
- Walter F. Mondale, US Ambassador to Japan.
Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous information about age difference between vice-presidents and their presidents:[101]
- Almost half of vice presidents (22 out of 46) were older than their presidents. Of those older VPs who later became president, none began their presidency by election, and only one of them, Lyndon B. Johnson, was later elected.
- Incumbent (47th) vice president Joe Biden is also older than president Barack Obama, and he is the oldest vice-president compared to his president (18 years, 8 months, 15 days).
- The biggest age difference between a president and a vice president was between president James Buchanan, and VP John C. Breckinridge (Breckinridge is younger by 29 years, 8 months, 29 days). This also makes Breckinridge the youngest VP compared to his president.
- The least age difference between a president and a vice president was between president Abraham Lincoln, and VP Andrew Johnson (Johnson is older by 45 days).
- John C. Breckinridge (at 36) is the youngest person to become vice president.
Miscellaneous information about election and tenure of office.
- Al Gore (1993–2001) and Dick Cheney (2001–2009), are the first consecutive vice presidents to serve two full terms.
- Gore (1992, 1996), Cheney (2000, 2004) and Joe Biden (2008, 2012) are the first three consecutive vice presidents to be elected to two terms.
See also
- List of Presidents of the United States
- Alexander H. Stephens, the only Vice President of the Confederate States of America
Notes
- ^ Arriving in New York City before President-elect George Washington, Adams was sworn as Vice President nine days before the President.[5]
- ^ Adams held those two diplomatic posts at the same time.
- ^ The only Vice President to be sworn in outside of the United States of America (in Havana, Cuba), with special dispensation from Congress; twenty days after the original vice-presidential inauguration.
- ^ Arthur had never held a public office other than Collector of the Port of New York in his lifetime.
- ^ Dawes was an experienced economist whose first elected office was Vice President.
- ^ a b Office of Vice President filled under provisions of 25th Amendment.
- ^ Served as Acting President under section 3 of the 25th Amendment on July 13, 1985, from 11:28 a.m. until 7:22 p.m.[88]
- ^ Served as Acting President under section 3 of the 25th Amendment on two separate occasions: on June 29, 2002, from 7:09 a.m. to 9:24 a.m,[95] and on July 21, 2007, from 7:16 a.m. to 9:21 a.m.[96]
- ^ A resident of Texas just prior to his nomination for Vice President, Mr. Cheney changed his voter registration back to Wyoming, where he had served in Congress, to avoid violating the 12th Amendment, which would have prevented the Texas Presidential Electors from casting their electoral votes for both Bush and Dick Cheney[99]
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- ^ Calculations made by contributor depending primarily on lists shown in Webster's New Universal Unabridged Dictionary, Barnes and Noble, 2003.