Montreal Canadiens

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Montreal Canadiens
Canadiens de Montréal
2015–16 Montreal Canadiens season
A small white H contained inside a large red C, all surrounded by a blue contour.
ConferenceEastern
DivisionAtlantic
FoundedDecember 4, 1909
HistoryMontreal Canadiens
1909–1917 (NHA)
1917–present (NHL)
Home arenaBell Centre (Centre Bell)
CityMontreal, Quebec
Team coloursRed, white, blue      
MediaEnglish
French
Owner(s)Molson family (majority owner)
(Geoff Molson, chairman[1])
General managerMarc Bergevin
Head coachMichel Therrien
CaptainMax Pacioretty
Minor league affiliatesSt. John's Icecaps (AHL)
Brampton Beast (ECHL)
Stanley Cups24 (1915–16, 1923–24, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1943–44, 1945–46, 1952–53, 1955–56, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1964–65, 1965–66, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1970–71, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1985–86, 1992–93)
Conference championships8 (1975–76, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1980–81, 1985–86, 1988–89, 1992–93)
Presidents' Trophy0
Division championships23 (1927–28, 1928–29, 1930–31, 1931–32, 1936–37, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1972–73, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1984–85, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1991–92, 2007–08, 2012–13, 2014–15)
Official websitecanadiens.nhl.com

The Montreal Canadiens[note 1] (French: Les Canadiens de Montréal) are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Montreal, Quebec, that competes in the National Hockey League (NHL). They are members of the league's Atlantic Division in the Eastern Conference.

The club's official name is le Club de hockey Canadien.[2] The team is frequently referred to in English and French as the Habs. French nicknames for the team include Les Canadiens (or Le Canadien), Le Bleu-Blanc-Rouge, La Sainte-Flanelle,[3] Le Tricolore, Les Glorieux (or Nos Glorieux), Les Habitants, Le CH and Le Grand Club.

Founded in 1909, the Canadiens are the longest continuously operating professional ice hockey team worldwide, and the only existing NHL club to predate the founding of the NHL. One of the oldest North American professional sports franchises, the Canadiens' history predates that of every other Canadian franchise outside of football as well as every American franchise outside of baseball and the National Football League's Arizona Cardinals. The franchise is one of the "Original Six" teams, a description used for the teams that made up the NHL from 1942 until the 1967 expansion. The team's championship season in 1992–93 was the last time a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup.[4]

The Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other franchise. They have won 24 championships, 22 of them since 1927, when NHL teams became the only ones to compete for the Stanley Cup.[5] On a percentage basis, as of 2014, the franchise has won 25.3% of all Stanley Cup championships contested after the Challenge Cup era, making it the second most successful professional sports team of the traditional four major sports of Canada and the United States, behind only the Boston Celtics.[note 2][6][7]

Since 1996, the Canadiens have played their home games at the Bell Centre, originally known as the Molson Centre.[8] The team previously played at the Montreal Forum which housed the team for seven decades and all but their first two Stanley Cup championships.[note 3]

History

Main article: History of the Montreal Canadiens

The Canadiens were founded by J. Ambrose O'Brien on December 4, 1909, as a charter member of the National Hockey Association,[9][10] the forerunner to the National Hockey League. It was to be the team of the francophone community in Montreal, composed of francophone players, and under francophone ownership as soon as possible.[11] The team's first season was not a success, as they placed last. After the first year, ownership was transferred to George Kennedy of Montreal and the team's fortunes improved over the next seasons.[12] The team won its first Stanley Cup championship in the 1915–16 season.[13] In 1917, with four other NHA teams, the Canadiens formed the NHL,[14] and they won their first NHL Stanley Cup during the 1923–24 season, led by Howie Morenz.[15] The team moved from the Mount Royal Arena to the Montreal Forum for the 1926–27 season.[16]

The club began the 1930s decade successfully, with Stanley Cup wins in 1930 and 1931. The Canadiens and its then-Montreal rival, the Montreal Maroons, declined both on the ice and economically during the Great Depression. Losses grew to the point where the team owners considering selling the team to interests in Cleveland, Ohio, though local investors were ultimately found to finance the Canadiens.[17] The Maroons still suspended operations, and several of their players moved to the Canadiens.[18]

Five men playing hockey in a crowded arena.
Game between the Canadiens and the New York Rangers in 1962.

Led by the "Punch Line" of Maurice "Rocket" Richard, Toe Blake and Elmer Lach in the 1940s, the Canadiens enjoyed success again atop the NHL. From 1953 to 1960, the franchise won six Stanley Cups, including a record five straight from 1956 to 1960, with a new set of stars coming to prominence: Jean Beliveau, Dickie Moore, Doug Harvey, Bernie "Boom Boom" Geoffrion, Jacques Plante and Richard's younger brother, Henri.[19]

The Canadiens added ten more championships in 15 seasons from 1965 to 1979, with another dynastic run of four-straight Cups from 1976 to 1979.[20] In the 1976–77 season, the Canadiens set two still-standing team records — for most points, with 132, and fewest losses, by only losing eight games in an 80-game season.[21] The next season, 1977–78, the team had a 28-game unbeaten streak, the second-longest in NHL history.[22] The next generation of stars included Guy Lafleur, Yvan Cournoyer, Ken Dryden, Pete Mahovlich, Jacques Lemaire, Pierre Larouche, Steve Shutt, Bob Gainey, Serge Savard, Guy Lapointe and Larry Robinson. Scotty Bowman, who would later set a record for most NHL victories by a coach, was the team's head coach for its last five Stanley Cup victories in the 1970s.[23]

Façade of the Bell Centre. On the wall is a banner celebrating the Canadiens centennial, featuring two players, one in black and white and one in color, and the Canadiens logo in front of a "100".
The Bell Centre has been the Canadiens' home stadium since 1996. The arena is here seen in 2008, with banners celebrating the Montreal Canadiens centennial.

The Canadiens won Stanley Cups in 1986, led by rookie star goaltender Patrick Roy,[24] and in 1993, continuing their streak of winning at least one championship in every decade from the 1910s to the 1990s (this streak came to an end in the 2000s).[25] In 1996, the Habs moved from the Montreal Forum, their home during 70 seasons and 22 Stanley Cups, to the Molson Centre (now the Bell Centre).[26]

Following Roy's departure in 1995, the Canadiens fell into an extended stretch of mediocrity,[27] missing the playoffs in four of their next ten seasons and failing to advance past the second round of the playoffs until 2010.[28] By the late 1990s, with both an ailing team and monetary losses exacerbated by a record-low value of the Canadian dollar, Montreal fans feared their team would end up relocated to the United States. Team owner Molson Brewery sold control of the franchise and the Molson Centre to American businessman George N. Gillett Jr. in 2001, with the right of first refusal for any future sale by Gillett and a condition that the NHL Board of Governors must unanimously approve any attempt to move to a new city.[29] Led by president Pierre Boivin, the Canadiens returned to being a lucrative enterprise, earning additional revenues from broadcasting and arena events. In 2009, Gillett sold the franchise to a consortium led by the Molson family which included The Woodbridge Company, BCE/Bell, the QFL Solidarity Fund, Michael Andlauer, Luc Bertrand and the National Bank Financial Group for $575 million, more than double the $275 million he spent on the purchase eight years prior.[30][31]

During the 2008–09 season, the Canadiens celebrated their 100th anniversary with various events,[32] including hosting both the 2009 NHL All-Star Game,[33] and the 2009 NHL Entry Draft.[34] Said season also marked the Canadiens as the first team in NHL history to reach 3,000 victories, reaching the milestone after their 5–2 victory over the Florida Panthers on December 29, 2008.[35]

Team identity

Further information: History of the Montreal Canadiens

The Canadiens organization operates in both English and French. For many years, public address announcements and press releases have been given in both languages, and the team Web site and social media outlets are in both languages as well.

Crest and sweater design

Original design of the "CHC" logo. (1917–19, 1921–22)

One of sport's oldest and most recognizable logos, the classic 'C' and 'H' of the Montreal Canadiens was first used together in the 1917–18 season, when the club changed its name to "Club de hockey Canadien" from "Club athlétique Canadien",[36] before evolving to its current form in 1952–53. The "H" stands for "hockey", not "Habitants," a popular misconception.[37] According to NHL.com, the first man to refer to the team as "the Habs" was American Tex Rickard, owner of the Madison Square Garden, in 1924. Rickard apparently told a reporter that the "H" on the Canadiens' sweaters was for "Habitants".[38]

The team's colours since 1911 are blue, red, and white. The home sweater is predominantly red in colour. There are four blue and white stripes, one across each arm, one across the chest and the other across the waistline. The main road sweater is mainly white with a red and blue stripe across the waist, red at the end of both arm sleeves red shoulder yokes. The basic design has been in use since 1914 and took its current form in 1925, generally evolving as materials changed.[39] Because of the team's lengthy history and significance in Quebec, the sweater has been referred to as 'La Sainte-Flanelle' (the holy flannel sweater).[3]

The Canadiens used multiple designs prior to adopting the aforementioned design in 1914. The original shirt of the 1909–10 season was blue with a white C. The second season had a red shirt featuring a green maple leaf with the C logo, and green pants. Lastly, the season before adopting the current look the Canadiens wore a "barber pole" design jersey with red, white and blue stripes, and the logo being a white maple leaf reading "CAC", "Club athlétique Canadien".[39] All three designs were worn during the 2009–10 season as part of the Canadiens centenary.[40]

The Canadiens' colours are a readily identifiable aspect of French Canadian culture. In the short story "The Hockey Sweater", Roch Carrier described the influence of the Canadiens and their jersey within rural Quebec communities during the 1940s.[41] The story was later made into an animated short, The Sweater, narrated by Carrier.[42] A passage from the short story appears on the 2002 issue of the Canadian five dollar bill.[43][44]

Motto

Nos bras meurtris vous tendent le flambeau, à vous toujours de le porter bien haut.

To you from failing hands we throw the torch. Be yours to hold it high.

The motto is from the poem "In Flanders Fields" by John McCrae which was written in 1915, the year the Canadiens won their first Stanley Cup championship. The motto appears on the wall of the Canadiens dressing room, originally at the Montreal Forum and currently at the Bell Centre.[45]

Mascot

Beginning in the 2004–05 NHL season, the Canadiens adopted Youppi as their official mascot, the first costumed mascot in their long history. Youppi was the longtime mascot for the Montreal Expos baseball team, but was dropped from the franchise when they moved to Washington, D.C. in 2004 and became the Washington Nationals. With the switch, Youppi became the first mascot in professional sports to switch leagues.[46]

Rivalries

Main articles: Bruins–Canadiens rivalry and Canadiens–Maple Leafs rivalry

The Canadiens have developed strong rivalries with two fellow Original Six franchises, with whom they frequently shared divisions and competed in post-season play. The oldest is with the Toronto Maple Leafs, who first faced the Canadiens as the Toronto Arenas in 1917. The teams met 15 times in the playoffs, including five Stanley Cup finals. Featuring the two largest cities in Canada and two of the largest fanbases in the league, the rivalry is sometimes dramatized as being emblematic of Canada's English and French linguistic divide.[47][48] From 1938 to 1970, they were the only two Canadian teams in the league.

The team's other Original Six rival are the Boston Bruins, who since their NHL debut in 1924 have played the Canadiens more than any other team in both regular season play and the playoffs combined. The teams have played 34 playoff series, seven of which were in the finals.[49][50]

The Canadiens also had an intraprovincial rivalry with the Quebec Nordiques during its existence from 1979-1995, nicknamed the "Battle of Quebec."

Broadcasting

Montreal Canadiens games are broadcast locally in both the French and English languages. On radio, Canadiens games are broadcast in French by CHMP 98.5,[51] and in English by CKGM, TSN Radio 690, who acquired the English broadcast rights under a 7-year deal which began in the 2011-12 season.[52]

Regional television rights in French are currently held by Réseau des sports under a 12-year deal, effective as of the 2014–15 NHL season.[53] A sister to the English-language network TSN, RDS was the only French-language sports channel in Canada until the 2011 launch of TVA Sports,[54] and was also the previous national French rightsholder of the NHL; as a result, the Canadiens forewent a separate regional contract, and allowed its games to be televised nationally as part of RDS's national rights package.[55]

With TVA Sports becoming the national French rightsholder in the 2014–15 season through a sub-licensing agreement with Rogers Communications,[55] RDS parent company Bell Media subsequently announced a 12-year deal to maintain regional rights to Canadiens games not shown on TVA Sports. As a result, games on RDS are blacked out outside of the Canadiens' home market of Quebec, Atlantic Canada and parts of Ontario shared with the Ottawa Senators.[53] At least 22 Canadiens games per season (primarily through its Saturday night La super soirée LNH), including all playoff games, are televised nationally by TVA Sports.[56][57]

Regional television rights in English are held by Sportsnet East in a 3-year deal announced by Rogers on September 2, 2014, with selected games (three in its inaugural season) airing on CJNT City Montreal. The remaining games are aired nationally through Rogers' aforementioned NHL rights deal (including additional games on Sportsnet, City, or on CBC during Hockey Night in Canada), thus giving Rogers rights to over all English-language telecasts of the Canadiens.[58] Regional Canadiens games on Sportsnet East and City are called by John Bartlett and Jason York.[59] TSN previously held regional, English-language television rights to the Canadiens from 2010 through 2014. They were broadcast on a part-time TSN feed with Dave Randorf on play-by-play; these rights were not renewed by Bell Media past the 2013–14 season.[51][60]

Seasons and records

Season by season results

This is a list of the last five seasons completed by the Canadiens. For the full season-by-season history, see List of Montreal Canadiens seasons.

Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against

Season GP W L OTL Pts GF GA Finish Playoffs
2010–11 82 44 30 8 96 216 209 2nd, Northeast Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 3–4 (Bruins)
2011–12 82 31 35 16 78 212 225 5th, Northeast Did not qualify
2012–13 48 29 14 5 63 149 126 1st, Northeast Lost in Conference Quarterfinals,1–4 (Senators)
2013–14 82 46 28 8 100 215 205 3rd, Atlantic Lost in Conference Finals, 2–4 (Rangers)
2014–15 82 50 22 10 110 221 189 1st, Atlantic Lost in Conference Semifinals, 2–4 (Lightning)

Franchise individual records

Further information: List of Montreal Canadiens records

Franchise scoring leaders

These are the top-ten point-scorers in franchise history. Figures are updated after each completed NHL regular season.

Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games Played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per game

Points Goals Assists
Player Pos GP G A Pts P/G
Guy Lafleur RW 961 518 728 1246 1.30
Jean Beliveau C 1125 507 712 1219 1.08
Henri Richard C 1256 358 688 1046 0.83
Maurice Richard RW 978 544 421 965 0.99
Larry Robinson D 1202 197 686 883 0.73
Yvan Cournoyer RW 968 428 435 863 0.89
Jacques Lemaire C 853 366 469 835 0.98
Steve Shutt LW 871 408 368 776 0.89
Bernie Geoffrion RW 766 371 388 759 0.99
Saku Koivu C 792 191 450 641 0.81
Player Pos G
Maurice Richard RW 544
Guy Lafleur RW 518
Jean Beliveau C 507
Yvan Cournoyer RW 428
Steve Shutt LW 408
Bernie Geoffrion RW 371
Jacques Lemaire C 366
Henri Richard C 358
Aurele Joliat LW 270
Newsy Lalonde C 266
Player Pos A
Guy Lafleur RW 728
Jean Beliveau C 712
Henri Richard C 688
Larry Robinson D 686
Jacques Lemaire C 469
Saku Koivu C 450
Yvan Cournoyer RW 435
Maurice Richard RW 421
Elmer Lach C 408
Guy Lapointe D 406

Sources: "Statistics | Historical Website of the Montreal Canadiens". Montreal Canadiens. Retrieved June 27, 2009., "Hockey-Reference.com". June 17, 2010.

Maurice Richard poses for a photographer while wearing his full Canadiens uniform.
Maurice 'The Rocket' Richard is the Canadiens' all-time leader in goals. The trophy awarded annually to the NHL's leading goal scorer is named in honour of Richard.[61]

Records – skaters

Career
Season

* Indicates a league record.

Source: "Season records – Individual records – Skaters | Historical Website of the Montreal Canadiens". Montreal Canadiens. Retrieved December 12, 2008.

Records – goaltenders

Career
Season

* Indicates a league record.

Source: "Season records – Individual records – goaltenders | Historical Website of the Montreal Canadiens". Montreal Canadiens. Retrieved December 12, 2008.

Current roster

Updated April 17, 2024[62][63]

No. Nat Player Pos S/G Age Acquired Birthplace
17 Canada Josh Anderson RW R 30 2020 Burlington, Ontario
40 Finland Joel Armia RW R 30 2018 Pori, Finland
22 United States Cole Caufield RW R 23 2019 Mosinee, Wisconsin
77 Canada Kirby Dach Injured Reserve C R 23 2022 St. Albert, Alberta
28 United States Christian Dvorak C L 28 2021 Palos, Illinois
71 Canada Jake Evans C R 27 2014 Toronto, Ontario
11 Canada Brendan Gallagher (A) RW R 32 2010 Edmonton, Alberta
21 Canada Kaiden Guhle D L 22 2020 Edmonton, Alberta
54 United States Jordan Harris D L 23 2018 Haverhill, Massachusetts
49 Canada Rafael Harvey-Pinard LW L 25 2019 Saguenay, Quebec
48 United States Lane Hutson D L 20 2022 Holland, Michigan
26 Canada Johnathan Kovacevic D R 26 2022 Niagara Falls, Ontario
8 Canada Mike Matheson (A) D L 30 2022 Pointe-Claire, Quebec
35 Canada Sam Montembeault G L 27 2021 Bécancour, Quebec
15 Canada Alex Newhook C L 23 2023 St. John's, Newfoundland
70 Canada Tanner Pearson LW L 31 2023 Kitchener, Ontario
55 Canada Michael Pezzetta LW L 26 2016 Toronto, Ontario
31 Canada Carey Price Injured Reserve G L 36 2005 Anahim Lake, British Columbia
30 United States Cayden Primeau G L 24 2017 Farmington Hills, Michigan
58 Canada David Savard D R 33 2021 Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec
20 Slovakia Juraj Slafkovsky LW L 20 2022 Košice, Slovakia
14 Canada Nick Suzuki (C) C R 24 2018 London, Ontario
36 United States Colin White C R 27 2024 Boston, Massachusetts
72 Canada Arber Xhekaj D L 23 2021 Hamilton, Ontario
56 Finland Jesse Ylonen RW R 24 2018 Scottsdale, Arizona


Leaders

Team captains

Head coaches

Main article: List of Montreal Canadiens head coaches

Source: "Historical Website of the Montreal Canadiens". Montreal Canadiens. Retrieved December 12, 2008.

Honoured members

Further information: List of Montreal Canadiens award winners
Retired numbers at the Bell Centre.

Retired numbers

The Canadiens have retired 15 numbers in honour of 19 players,[65] the most of any team in the NHL. All of the honourees were born in Canada. Howie Morenz was the first honouree, on November 2, 1937.[66]

Montreal Canadiens retired numbers
No. Player Position Tenure Date of honour
1 Jacques Plante G 1952–63 October 7, 1995
2 Doug Harvey D 1947–61 October 26, 1985
3 Emile Bouchard D 1941–56 December 4, 2009
4 Jean Beliveau C 1950–71 October 9, 1971
5 Bernie Geoffrion RW 1950–64 March 11, 2006
Guy Lapointe D 1968–82 November 8, 2014
7 Howie Morenz C 1923–37 November 2, 1937
9 Maurice Richard RW 1942–60 October 6, 1960
10 Guy Lafleur RW 1971-85 February 16, 1985
12 Dickie Moore LW 1951–63 November 12, 2005
Yvan Cournoyer RW 1963–79 November 12, 2005
16 Henri Richard C 1955–75 December 10, 1975
Elmer Lach C 1940–54 December 4, 2009
18 Serge Savard D 1966–81 November 18, 2006
19 Larry Robinson D 1972–89 November 19, 2007
23 Bob Gainey LW 1973–89 February 23, 2008
29 Ken Dryden G 1970–79 January 29, 2007
33 Patrick Roy G 1984–95 November 22, 2008

Hockey Hall of Fame

Sixty-two people associated with the Canadiens have been inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Thirty-six of these players are from three separate notable dynasties: 12 from 1955–60, 11 from 1964–69 and 13 from 1975–79. Howie Morenz and Georges Vezina were the first Canadiens given the honour in 1945, while Chris Chelios was the most recently inducted, in 2013.[67]

Montreal Canadiens Hall of Famers
Player Nat. Position Inducteed
Howie Morenz Canada C 1945
Georges Vezina Canada G 1945
Aurele Joliat Canada LW 1947
Newsy Lalonde Canada C 1950
Joe Malone Canada C 1950
Sprague Cleghorn Canada D 1958
Herb Gardiner Canada D 1958
Sylvio Mantha Canada D 1960
Maurice Richard Canada RW 1961
Joe Hall Canada D 1961
George Hainsworth Canada G 1961
Reg Noble Canada C 1962
Harry Cameron Canada D 1963
Jimmy Gardner Canada LW 1963
Jack Laviolette Canada D 1963
Didier Pitre Canada RW 1963
Albert Siebert Canada D 1964
Bill Durnan Canada G 1964
Marty Barry Canada C 1965
Ken Reardon Canada D 1966
Hector "Toe" Blake Canada LW 1966
Emile Bouchard Canada D 1966
Elmer Lach Canada C 1966
Roy Worters Canada G 1969
Tom Johnson Canada D 1970
Jean Beliveau Canada C 1972
Bernard Geoffrion Canada RW 1972
Doug Harvey Canada D 1973
Tommy Smith Canada C 1973
Dickie Moore Canada LW 1974
Gord Drillon Canada RW 1975
Jacques Plante Canada G 1978
Henri Richard Canada C 1979
Gump Worsley Canada G 1980
Frank Mahovlich Canada LW 1981
Yvan Cournoyer Canada RW 1982
Ken Dryden Canada G 1983
Jacques Lemaire Canada C 1984
Bert Olmstead Canada LW 1985
Serge Savard Canada D 1986
Jacques Laperriere Canada D 1987
Guy Lafleur Canada RW 1988
Tony Esposito Canada G 1988
Bud O'Connor Canada C 1988
Bob Gainey Canada LW 1992
Guy Lapointe Canada D 1993
Steve Shutt Canada LW 1993
Larry Robinson Canada D 1995
Denis Savard Canada C 2000
Rod Langway United States D 2002
Patrick Roy Canada G 2006
Dick Duff Canada LW 2006
Doug Gilmour Canada C 2011
Chris Chelios United States D 2013

The following are members of the Hockey Hall of Fame in the Builders category. The first inductee was Vice President William Northy in 1945. The most recent inductee was head coach Pat Burns in 2014.[68]

Montreal Canadiens Hall of Famers
Builder Nat. Title Inducted
William Northey Canada Vice President 1945
Hon. Donat Raymond Canada Owner 1958
Dick Irvin Canada Coach 1958
Frank J. Selke Canada General Manager 1960
J. Ambrose O'Brien Canada Owner 1962
Leo Dandurand Canada Owner 1963
Tommy Gorman Canada General Manager 1963
Hon. H de M Molson Canada Owner 1973
Joe Cattarinich Canada Owner 1977
Sam Pollock Canada General Manager 1978
Scotty Bowman Canada Coach 1991
Pat Burns Canada Coach 2014

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Even in English, the French spelling, Canadiens, is always used.
  2. ^ As of May 2014, the Boston Celtics have the highest percentage of National Basketball Association championships with 25.4%, and in Major League Baseball, the New York Yankees have the highest percentage with 24.8%.
  3. ^ Earlier venues for the Canadiens include Jubilee Rink, Montreal Westmount Arena, and Mount Royal Arena

References

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  3. ^ a b Hamilton, Graeme (October 22, 2008). "Are the Canadiens a religion?". National Post. Canada: The National Post Company. Archived from the original on October 24, 2008. Retrieved December 12, 2008.
  4. ^ "It's been 18 years since last Canadian Stanley Cup". The Globe and Mail. June 12, 2011. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
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  11. ^ D'Arcy, pp. 10–11
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Sources

External links

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