Sürmene

Sürmene
Sürmene
District and municipality
	Memiş Ağa Mansion in Sürmene
	Map showing Sürmene District in Trabzon Province
	Sürmene Location in Turkey
	Coordinates: 40°54′51″N 40°06′45″E / 40.91417°N 40.11250°E
Country	Turkey
Province	Trabzon
Government
• Mayor	Rahmi Üstün (AKP)
Area	166 km2 (64 sq mi)
Elevation	20 m (70 ft)
Population (2022)	25,950
• Density	160/km2 (400/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+3 (TRT)
Postal code	61600
Area code	0462
Climate	Cfa
Website	www.surmene.bel.tr

Sürmene (Turkish: [syɾˈmene]; Greek: Σούρμενα, Sourmena; Ottoman Turkish: ﺳﻮرﻣﻨﻪ, romanized as Sürmena[/e]) is a municipality and district of Trabzon Province, Turkey.^[2] Its area is 166 km²,^[3] and its population is 25,950 (2022).^[1] In ancient times the town of Hyssus or Hyssos (Ancient Greek: Υσσός) was nearby.^[4] The mayor is Rahmi Üstün (AKP).

Sürmene (Humurgan)^[5] is situated some 40 km (25 mi) east of Trabzon. Known in antiquity also as Susarmia or Augustopolis,^{[citation needed]} it lies on the River Kora (Manahoz Deresi) and is best known as the place where Xenophon and his Ten Thousand fell sick after eating wild honey, an event which was confirmed by the local people. In the village of Kastil, 5 km (3.1 mi) to the west of Sürmene, stands a ruined medieval castle as well as the impressively restored 18th-century Yakupoğlu Memiş Ağa Konağı mansion. This was formerly the seat of the Yakupoğlu family, who lived here as rulers (derebeys, hence its alternative name of Derebeyli Kale, the Castle of the Derebeys) of the surrounding region relatively free of interference from the Ottoman government in faraway Constantinople/Istanbul.

Economy

Historically, Sürmene produced small amounts of manganese. The area also had mineral springs, and shipped bottled water to Istanbul.^[6]

Composition

There are 37 neighbourhoods in Sürmene District:^[7]

Aksu
Armutlu
Aşağıovalı
Balıklı
Birlik
Çamburnu
Çamlıca
Çarşı
Çavuşlu
Çiftesu
Çimenli
Dirlik
Fındıcak
Gültepe
Güneyköy
Kahraman
Karacakaya
Konak
Koyuncular
Küçükdere
Muratlı
Ormanseven
Ortaköy
Ortamahalle
Oylum
Petekli
Soğuksu
Üstündal
Üzümlü
Yazıoba
Yemişli
Yeniay
Yeşilköy
Yokuşbaşı
Yukarıçavuşlu
Yukarıovalı
Zeytinli

Flora and fauna

According to WWF the largest amount of endemic flora is to be found in the Ağaçbaşı yayla (summer upland pasture) in Sürmene.^[8]

Zehirli biberiye (Andromeda polifolia),
Böcek yiyen bitkilerden Drosera,
Pamukotu (Eriophorum angustifolium ve E. latifolium),
Kurtayağı (Lycopodiella inundata),
Kara ot (Rhynchospora alba)

Gallery

The Sürmeme Chamber of Commerce was the first chamber of commerce in Turkey
Sürmene Mekteb-i Rushdiye Sekbanlardan Ahmed Agha Shahadetnamesi (Diploma)
^[9] Çavuşzade Muhammed Ağa's gravestone
Sürmene Festival on the top of Madur mountain.
Fatih Akın Turkish film director from Çamburnu, a village of Sürmene
The route that brought Xenophon's Ten Thousand to Sürmene

References

^ ^a ^b "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
^ Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
^ "An Overview of Rize's History". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
^ "Humurgan". T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
^ Prothero, W. G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 73.
^ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
^ [1]^{[permanent dead link]}
^ "Çavuşpaşa.ni̇noğlu. Muhammetağa. Bölük.no.13.Öl. 1718".

External links

[tuik-1] "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 19 September 2023.

[2] Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.

[3] "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 19 September 2023.

[4] "An Overview of Rize's History". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 2008-04-11.

[5] "Humurgan". T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı. Retrieved 8 March 2023.

[Prothero73-6] Prothero, W. G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 73.

[7] Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.

[8] [1]^{[permanent dead link]}

[9] "Çavuşpaşa.ni̇noğlu. Muhammetağa. Bölük.no.13.Öl. 1718".

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