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Trimotor

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This article is about propeller-driven airplanes with three engines. For airplanes with three jet engines, see Trijet.
Nearly 5,000 Junkers Ju 52/3m were built, the most of any trimotor

A trimotor is a propeller-driven aircraft powered by three internal combustion engines, characteristically one on the nose and one on each wing. A compromise between complexity and safety, such a configuration was typically a result of the limited power of the engines available to the designer. Many trimotors were designed and built in the 1920s and 1930s as the most effective means of maximizing payload.

Other - and uncommon - configurations include engines above the wing, as on seaplanes, including in pusher configuration, and an engine on each wing and one on the tail.

The best known trimotors are the Fokker F, Ford AT, and Junkers Ju series aircraft.

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List of trimotors

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Aircraft name Country of origin Year Developed
AD Seaplane Type 1000 UK 1916
Airspeed Ferry UK 1932
Airworthy Terrier[1] US 1928
Anatra DE Russia 1916
ANF Les Mureaux 140T France 1932
Armstrong Whitworth Argosy UK 1926
Avia 51 Czechoslovakia 1933
Avia 57 Czechoslovakia 1935
Aviméta 132 France 1927
Avis BGV-1[2] Austria 1924
Avro 618 Ten UK 1929
Avro 619 Five UK 1929
Avro 624 Six UK 1930
Bach 3-CT Air Yacht US 1927
Barcala-Cierva-Díaz BCD.3[3] Spain 1919
Batson Air Yacht/Dragonfly[4] US 1913
Beardmore Inflexible UK 1928
Beechcraft Model 18 Tiara engine testbed US 1966
Bellanca 28-92 US 1937
Bernard 60 France 1929
Bernard 160 France 1932
Bernard SIMB AB 16 France 1927
Besson MB.36 France 1930
Blackburn Iris UK 1926
Blackburn Perth UK 1933
Blackburn Sydney UK 1930
Bloch MB.60[5][6] France 1930
Bloch MB.120 France 1932
Bloch MB.300 France 1935
Blohm & Voss BV 138 Germany 1937
Boeing Model 80 US 1928
Boulton Paul P.32 UK 1931
Bratu 220 Romania 1932
Breda A.14 Italy 1928
Breda Ba.32 Italy 1931
Breda Ba.46 Italy 1934
Breda CC.20 Italy 1929
Breguet XI[7] France 1916
Breguet 393T France 1931
Breguet 521 France 1933
Bresciani Bre.1[8] Italy 1915
Britten-Norman Trislander UK 1970
Brown-Mercury[9] US 1928
CANT 6 Italy 1925
CANT 22 Italy 1927
CANT 23[10] Italy 1932
CANT Z.506 Italy 1935
CANT Z.508 Italy 1936
CANT Z.509 Italy 1937
CANT Z.1007 Italy 1937
CANT Z.1012 Italy 1938
Caproni Ca.1 Italy 1914
Caproni Ca.3 Italy 1916
Caproni Ca.4 Italy 1917
Caproni Ca.5 Italy 1917
Caproni Ca.95 Italy 1929?
Caproni Ca.97 Italy 1927
Caproni Ca.101 Italy 1928
Caproni Ca.131 Italy 1934
Caproni Ca.132 Italy 1934
Caproni Ca.133 Italy 1934
Caudron C.25 France 1919
Caudron C.37[11] France 1920
Caudron C.39[12] France 1921
Caudron C.61 France 1921
Caudron C.81[13] France 1923
Caudron C.180[14] France 1930
Caudron C.183[15] France 1923
Charpentier C-1[16] France 1935
CNA Delta[17] Italy 1931
CNNA HL-8 Brazil 1943
Conroy Tri-Turbo-Three US 1969
Consolidated XPY-1 (prototype only) US 1929
Consolidated XP2Y-1 (prototype only) US 1932
Couzinet 10[18] France 1928
Couzinet 21[19] France 1931
Couzinet 22[20] France 1932
Couzinet 27[21] France 1928
Couzinet 30 France 1930[22]
Couzinet 33 Biarritz France 1931[23]
Couzinet 40 France 1932[24]
Couzinet 70 France 1932[25]
Couzinet 100 France 1933[26]
Couzinet 101 France 1934[27]
Couzinet 103 France 1933[28]
Crawford Special US 1929[29]
Curtiss Eagle I US 1919
Curtiss Model H prototype only US 1914
Curtiss NC prototype only US 1918
DAR 4 Bulgaria 1930
Dewoitine D.31 France 1932
Dewoitine D.332 France 1933
Dewoitine D.333 France 1934
Dewoitine D.338 France 1936
Dewoitine D.342 France 1939
Dewoitine D.430 France 1932[30]
de Havilland DH.72 UK 1931
de Havilland Australia DHA-3 Drover Australia 1948
de Havilland Hercules UK 1926
Dornier Do 24 Germany 1937
Dornier Y Germany 1930
Dyle et Bacalan DB-70 France 1929
EMSCO B-2 US 1929[31]
Fabre Trimoteur France 1908-9[32]
Farman F.120 France 1926
Farman F.280 France 1931
Farman F.300 France 1930
Farman F.301 France 1930[33]
Farman F.303 France 1930[34]
Farman F.304 France 1931[35]
Farman F.306 France 1931[36]
Farman F.310 France 1931[37]
Felixstowe Porte Baby UK 1916
Fiat BRG Italy 1931
Fiat G.2 Italy 1932
Fiat G.12 Italy 1940
Fiat G.212 Italy 1947
Fokker F.10 US 1927
Fokker F.VIIA/3m & F.VIIB/3m Netherlands 1925
Fokker F.IX Netherlands 1929
Fokker F.XII Netherlands 1930
Fokker F.XVIII Netherlands 1932
Fokker F.XX Netherlands 1933
Ford 4-AT/9-AT/11-AT Trimotor US 1926
Ford 5-AT/6-AT Trimotor US 1929
Ford 14-AT US 1932
Ford XB-906 US 1931
Grahame-White Ganymede UK 1919
Handley Page Type W.8e/f & W.9a UK 1921
Handley Page H.P.32 Hamlet UK 1926
Handley Page H.P.43 UK 1932
Helmy Aerogypt UK 1939
Hise Model A US 1929[38]
Hodkinson HT-1 US 1929[39]
Johns Multiplane US 1919[40]
Junkers G 24 Germany 1924
Junkers G 31 Germany 1926
Junkers Ju 52/3m Germany 1932
Junkers Ju 252 Germany 1941
Junkers Ju 352 Germany 1943
Kawanishi H3K Japan 1930
Keystone Pathfinder US 1927
Keystone Patrician US 1929
Kreutzer Air Coach US 1928[41]
LWF model H Owl US 1920[42]
Lasco Lascondor Australia 1930
Latécoère 4 France 1920
Latécoère 5 France 1924
Latécoère 24 France 1927
Latécoère 340 France 1930
Latécoère 350 France 1931
Latécoère 500 & 501 France 1932
Latécoère 582 France 1935
Latham Trimotor France 1919[43]
Lawson L-4 US 1924[44]
Letov Š-32 Czechoslovakia 1931
Lioré et Olivier LeO H-15 France 1926[45]
Loire 30 France 1932
Loire 60 France 1932
Loire 70 France 1933
Loring-Barrón Colonial T-III Trimotor Spain 1932[46]
Macchi M.C.100 Italy 1939
Nieuport-Delage NiD.590 France 1932[47]
Nieuport-Delage NiD.740 France 1930[48]
Northrop N-23 Pioneer US 1946
Northrop C-125 Raider US 1949
NVI F.K.33 Netherlands 1925
Oeffag G6 aka Pola 'G' Austria-Hungary 1916[49]
Ogden Osprey US 1930[50]
P.Z.L. 27 Poland 1934
P.Z.L. 4 Poland 1932
Pander S-4 Postjäger Netherlands 1933
Piaggio P.16 Italy 1934
Piaggio P.23R Italy 1936
Piper PA-32-3M prototype US 1966
Potez X France 1922
Potez 40 France 1930[51]
Prudden TM-1 US 1928[52]
Prudden-Whitehead monoplane US 1930
Renard R.30 Belgium 1931
Renard R.35 Belgium 1935
Rohrbach Roland Germany 1926
Rohrbach Romar Germany 1928
Romano R-16 France 1933[53]
Ryan Navion one off modification US 1961 [citation needed]
SABCA S.11 Belgium 1931
Saunders Severn UK 1930
Saunders Valkyrie UK 1926
Saro Windhover UK 1930
Savoia-Marchetti S.66 Italy 1931
Savoia-Marchetti S.71 Italy 1930
Savoia-Marchetti S.72 Italy 1934
Savoia-Marchetti S.73 Italy 1934
Savoia-Marchetti SM.75 Italy 1937
Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 Italy 1934
Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 Italy 1934
Savoia-Marchetti SM.82 Italy 1939
Savoia-Marchetti SM.83 Italy 1937
Savoia-Marchetti SM.84 Italy 1940
Short S.8 Calcutta UK 1928
Short Rangoon UK 1930
Short Valetta UK 1930
Siemens-Schuckert R.I Germany 1915
Siemens-Schuckert R.II Germany 1915
Siemens-Schuckert R.III Germany 1915
Siemens-Schuckert R.IV Germany 1916
Siemens-Schuckert R.V Germany 1916
Siemens-Schuckert R.VI Germany 1916
Siemens-Schuckert R.VII Germany 1917
Sikorsky S-35 US 1926
SPCA 40T France 1929
SPCA 90 France 1932
SPCA Météore 63 France 1925
Spartan Cruiser UK 1932
Stinson Model A US 1934
Stinson Model T/SM-6000 US 1930
Stinson Model U US 1932
Stout 3-AT US 1926
Stout Bushmaster 2000 US 1964
Supermarine Air Yacht UK 1930
Supermarine Nanok/Solent UK 1927
Tellier 1100 ch/T7/Nieuport-Tellier TM France 1919[54]
Tupolev ANT-9 USSR 1929
Tupolev MTB-1 USSR 1934
Vickers Viastra UK 1929
Westland IV & Wessex UK 1930
Weymann 66 France 1933
Wibault 280 France 1930
Zenith Albatross US 1927[55]
Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.I Germany 1915
Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.II Germany 1916

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "American airplanes: Ab - Ak". aerofiles.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  2. ^ Krickl, Dr. Robert Die Flugzeuge der "Avis" Flugzeug- und Autowerke, Verlag Brüder Hollinek, 2012, ISBN 978-3-85119-329-9
  3. ^ "Cierva BCD3 (Barcala-Cierva-Diaz)". flyingmachines.ru. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  4. ^ "American airplanes: Ba - Bl". aerofiles.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  5. ^ "Panorama". Dassault-aviation.com. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
  6. ^ "Bloch MB-60". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  7. ^ "Breguet XI 'Corsaire'". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  8. ^ "Bresciani". racine.ra.it. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  9. ^ "American airplanes: Bo - Bu". aerofiles.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  10. ^ "CRDA Cant.23". 1000aircraftphotos.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  11. ^ "Caudron C.37". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  12. ^ "Caudron C.39". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  13. ^ Bruno Parmentier. "Caudron C.81". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  14. ^ "Caudron C.180". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  15. ^ "Caudron C.183". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  16. ^ "Charpentier C-1". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  17. ^ Thompson, Jonathan W. (1963). Italian Civil and Military aircraft 1930-1945. USA: Aero Publishers Inc. ISBN 0-8168-6500-0. p 131
  18. ^ "Couzinet 10 'Arc en ciel'". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  19. ^ "Couzinet 21". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  20. ^ "Couzinet 22". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  21. ^ "Couzinet 27 'Arc en ciel'". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  22. ^ "Couzinet 30". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  23. ^ "Couzinet 33 'Biarritz'". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  24. ^ "Couzinet 40". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  25. ^ "Couzinet 70 'Arc en Ciel' III". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  26. ^ "Couzinet 100". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  27. ^ "Couzinet 101". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  28. ^ "Couzinet 103". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  29. ^ "American airplanes: Cl - Cr". aerofiles.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  30. ^ "Dewoitine D-430". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  31. ^ "American airplanes: Ea - Ew". aerofiles.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  32. ^ Opdycke, Leonard E. (1999). French Aeroplanes Before the Great War. Atglen, PA, USA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd. p. 116–118. ISBN 0764307525.
  33. ^ "Farman F-301". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  34. ^ "Farman F-303". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  35. ^ "Farman F-304". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  36. ^ "Farman F-306". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  37. ^ "Farman F-310". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  38. ^ Robert F. Pauley (2009). Michigan Aircraft Manufacturers. Arcadia Publishing. p. 66. ISBN 9780738552187. Fred Hise, a Detroit industrialist, saw a market for a small, high-quality tri-motor for business use.
  39. ^ "American airplanes: Ha - Hu". aerofiles.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  40. ^ "American airplanes: Ja - Ju". aerofiles.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  41. ^ "American airplanes: Ka - Ku". aerofiles.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  42. ^ "American airplanes: Lo - Lu". Aerofiles.com. 2008-08-15. Retrieved 2011-02-14.
  43. ^ "Latham Trimoteur". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  44. ^ "American airplanes: La - Li". aerofiles.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  45. ^ "Lioré et Olivier LeO H-15". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  46. ^ [1][dead link‍]
  47. ^ "Nieuport-Delage NiD-590". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  48. ^ "Nieuport-Delage NiD-740". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  49. ^ "Oeffag G 6". flyingmachines.ru. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  50. ^ "American airplanes: O". aerofiles.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  51. ^ "Potez 40". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  52. ^ "American airplanes: Pl - Qu". Aerofiles.com. 2008-04-17. Retrieved 2011-03-16.
  53. ^ "Romano R-16". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  54. ^ "Tellier 1100 ch Lorraine". aviafrance.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  55. ^ "American airplanes: Y - Z". aerofiles.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
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