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Washington Air National Guard
116th Air Refueling Squadron KC-135 over Mount Rainier. The 116th ARS is the oldest unit in the Washington Air National Guard, having over 90 years of service to the state and nation
Active6 August 1924- present
Country United States
Allegiance Washington
Branch  Air National Guard
Part ofWashington Military Department
United States National Guard Bureau
HeadquartersBldg 1, Camp Murray, Tacoma, Washington, 98430
Commanders
Civilian leadershipPresident Barack Obama
(Commander-in-Chief)
Deborah Lee James
(Secretary of the Air Force)
Governor Jay Inslee
(Governor of the State of Washington)
State military leadershipBrigadier General John S. Tuohy
Insignia
Emblem of the Washington Air National Guard
Aircraft flown
TransportRC-26B Metroliner
TankerKC-135R Stratotanker

The Washington Air National Guard (WA ANG) is the air force militia of the U.S. State of Washington. It is, along with the Washington Army National Guard, an element of the Washington National Guard.

As state militia units, the units in the Washington Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Washington through the office of the Washington Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Washington Air National Guard is headquartered at Camp Murray, Tacoma, and its commander is Brigadier General John S. Tuohy.[1]

Overview

Under the "Total Force" concept, Washington Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components (ARC) of the United States Air Force (USAF). Washington ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are operationally gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. In addition, the Washington Air National Guard forces are assigned to Air Expeditionary Forces and are subject to deployment tasking orders along with their active duty and Air Force Reserve counterparts in their assigned cycle deployment window.

Along with their federal reserve obligations, as state militia units the elements of the Washington ANG are subject to being activated by order of the Governor to provide protection of life and property, and preserve peace, order and public safety. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of vital public services, and support to civil defense.

In addition, the Washington State Guard (WSG) is an all-volunteer militia force under the Washington Military Department that provides reserve personnel to both the Washington Army National Guard and the Washington Air National Guard. It is under state jurisdiction and its members are employed only within the State of Washington. It is not subject to be called, ordered or assigned as any element of the federal armed forces. Its mission is to provide units organized, equipped and trained in the protection of life or property and the preservation of peace, order and public safety under competent orders of State authorities.[2]

Components

The Washington Air National Guard consists of the following major units:

Established 6 August 1924 (as: 116th Observation Squadron); operates: KC-135R Stratotanker and RC-26B Metroliner
Stationed at: Fairchild Air Force Base, Spokane
Gained by: Air Mobility Command
The oldest unit of the Washington ANG, the 141st Air Refueling Wing is composed of over 1,000 citizen airmen. Subordinate units within the 141st include: 560th Air National Guard Band, the 242d Combat Communication Squadron, and the 256th Intelligence Squadron.[3][4]
Established 30 August 2006; non-flying Wing
Stationed at: Camp Murray, Lakewood
Gained by: Air Combat Command
The 194th Regional Support Wing consists of over 1,000 citizen airmen. Their mission sets involve both kinetic and non-kinetic operations and include sensitive missions that reside in the cyber domain. The 194th's cutting edge capabilities are well-suited to the threats our nation faces in the 21st Century.[3]
Established 8 January 1958 (as: Seattle Air Defense Sector), non-flying unit
Stationed at: Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Tacoma
Gained by: Air Combat Command
The unit's origins date to 1948 as the 25th Air Division; the first Air Defense Command Air Division formed for the air defense of the United States. Today, the Washington ANG Western Air Defense Sector (WADS) is one of two sectors responsible to NORAD’s aerospace warning and control mission. The Western Air Defense Sector is part of the Continental U.S. NORAD region. There are also Canadian and Alaskan NORAD regions.[3]

Support Unit Functions and Capabilities:

  • 560th Air National Guard Band of the Northwest
Stationed at Fairchild Air Force Base, the Band of the Northwest proudly serves the military and civilian communities of North Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington State. Officially activated as the 560th AF Band in 1948, the band boasts 60 years of tradition, heritage, and service to the nation.[3]

History

The Washington Air National Guard origins date to 28 August 1917 with the establishment of the 116th Aero Squadron as part of the World War I American Expeditionary Force. The 116th served in France on the Western Front, then after the 1918 Armistice with Germany was demobilized in 1919.

The Militia Act of 1903 established the present National Guard system, units raised by the states but paid for by the Federal Government, liable for immediate state service. If federalized by Presidential order, they fall under the regular military chain of command. On 1 June 1920, the Militia Bureau issued Circular No.1 on organization of National Guard air units.[5]

Reuben Fleet, Washington Air National Guard flying a Curtiss JN-6 Jenny, 1925. Previously, he established the United States Air Mail Service in May 1918

In 1924, the Adjutant General for the Washington National Guard, who was traveling through Spokane, made a simple proposal to the city fathers. Whichever city, Spokane, Seattle or Tacoma, could raise 10,000 dollars first for building hangars would get an Observation Squadron. As the General's westward train pulled out of the station and was approaching the city limits, a telegraph wire sent out ahead of the train stated, "The $10,000 has been raised. We want the squadron." [6]

On 6 August 1924 the 116th Observation Squadron, Washington National Guard, received federal recognition. They established their unit headquarters at the former Parkwater Municipal Golf Course (now Felts Field) near Spokane. Major John T. "Jack" Fancher, a World War I veteran, would act as the units' first commander. It is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II.[6] The 116th Observation Squadron was ordered into active service on 16 September 1940 as part of the buildup of the Army Air Corps prior to the United States entry into World War II.

On 24 May 1946, the United States Army Air Forces, in response to dramatic postwar military budget cuts, imposed by President Harry S. Truman, allocated inactive unit designations to the National Guard Bureau for the formation of an Air Force National Guard. These unit designations were allotted and transferred to various State National Guard bureaus to provide them unit designations to re-establish them as Air National Guard units.[7]

116th Observation Squadron - Douglas O-38 30-414 The squadron operated this type of aircraft between 1931-1940. Note the squadron emblem on the fuselage.

The modern Washington ANG received federal recognition on 1 July 1946 as the 116th Fighter Squadron at Felts Field, Spokane. It was equipped with F-51D Mustangs and its mission was the air defense of the state. 18 September 1947, however, is considered the Washington Air National Guard's official birth concurrent with the establishment of the United States Air Force as a separate branch of the United States military under the National Security Act[7] On 1 May 1956 the 116th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 141st Fighter Group (Air Defense) was allotted by the National Guard Bureau, extended federal recognition and activated.

Today, the 141st Air Refueling Wing (141 ARW) provides aerial refueling support to Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps and allied nation aircraft. The 194th Regional Support Wing (194 RSW) both kinetic and non-kinetic operations and include sensitive missions that reside in the cyber domain. The Western Air Defense Sector (WADS) is one of two sectors responsible to NORAD's aerospace warning and control mission.

After the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States, elements of every Air National Guard unit in Washington has been activated in support of the Global War on Terrorism. Flight crews, aircraft maintenance personnel, communications technicians, air controllers and air security personnel were engaged in Operation Noble Eagle air defense overflights of major United States cities. Also, Washington ANG units have been deployed overseas as part of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq as well as other locations as directed.

See also

References

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

  1. ^ . June 2014 http://mil.wa.gov/about-us/assistant-adjutant-general-air. Retrieved 28 January 2015. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ^ Washington State Guard webpage
  3. ^ a b c d Washington Air National Guard
  4. ^ "Team Fairchild". Fairchild Air Force Base. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
  5. ^ ANG Chronology 1908-2007, see also Brief History of the Minnesota Air National Guard and the 133rd Airlift Wing, 1.
  6. ^ a b Aces and Airships; Washington Air National Guard 1924–1984. 141st Air Refueling Wing. 1984.
  7. ^ a b Rosenfeld, Susan and Gross, Charles J (2007), Air National Guard at 60: A History. Air National Guard history program AFD-080527-040
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