1040s

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	10th century – 11th century – 12th century
Decades:	1010s 1020s 1030s – 1040s – 1050s 1060s 1070s
Years:	1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049
Categories:	Births – Deaths – Architecture Establishments – Disestablishments

1040s: events by year

Contents: 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049

1040

• May 23 – Battle of Dandanaqan: Seljuk Turks defeat the Ghaznavids.
• June 17 – Harthacanute lands at Sandwich and reclaims the English Throne.
• August 15 – King Duncan I is killed in battle against his first cousin and rival Macbeth, who succeeds him as King of Scotland.
• The oldest brewery still active is founded at Weihenstephan.
• The Shalu Monastery is founded in Tibet.
• Printing using woodblocks is invented in China (approximate date).

1042

• April 18 or April 19 – Emperor Michael V of the Byzantine Empire attempts to remain sole Emperor by sending his adoptive mother and co-ruler Zoe of Byzantium to a monastery.
• April 19 – Michael V of the Byzantine Empire is deposed by popular revolt. Zoe, Empress of the Byzantine Empire with co-rulers since 1028, becomes reigning Empress with her sister Theodora.
• June 8 – Edward the Confessor becomes King of England.
• June 11 – Empress Zoe marries for the third time and elevates her husband to the throne as Constantine IX.
• George Maniaces, Byzantine general in Sicily, revolts against Constantine IX.
• Harald III of Norway, at this time leader of the Varangian Guard in the Byzantine Empire, returns to Norway, possibly because of his involvement in Maniaces' revolt.
• Magnus I of Norway becomes King of Denmark.
• The Normans in Italy move their capital to Melfi.
• Abad II succeeds his father to the throne of Sevilla.
• Incursions by the Western Xia and the threat of further Liao Dynasty military actions against the Song Dynasty force an increase in tribute payments to the Liao.
• The Almoravids, led by Abdullah Ibn Yasin, invade Morocco.
• Byzantine-Arab Wars: The Byzantines conquer Edessa, returning to Christian hands after 400 years of Islamic rule.

1043

• October 31 – Venus occults Jupiter
• Rus'-Byzantine War (1043).
• Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England at Winchester Cathedral.
• Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor marries Agnes de Poitou.
• The revolt of George Maniaces against Byzantine Emperor Constantine IX ends when Maniaces is killed in battle near Thessalonica.
• The Ziyarid dynasty of Persia is crushed by the Seljuks.
• In Song Dynasty China, the statesmen Ouyang Xiu and Fan Zhongyan put forth the Qingli Reforms, which are halted by 1045.
• The Norman brothers, William Iron Arm and Drogo de Hauteville, assume power in Apulia.
• The first king of the Kingdom of Nri, Eze Nri Ìfikuánim is installed in West Africa.

1044

• King Anawrahta seizes the throne of Pagan, Myanmar.
• Benedict IX abdicates as pope. Sylvester III succeeds him.
• The Chinese military treatise of the Wujing Zongyao is written and compiled by scholars Zeng Gongliang (曾公亮), Ding Du (丁度), and Yang Weide (楊惟德) during the Song Dynasty. It is the first book in history to include formulas for gunpowder and its use for various bombs (thrown by sling or trebuchet catapult). It also describes the double-piston pump flamethrower and a thermoremanence compass, a few decades before Shen Kuo wrote of the first known magnetic mariners compass. Although emphasizing the importance of many weapons, it reserves high respect for the crossbow and ability of crossbowmen to fell charging units of nomadic cavalrymen.

1045

• Emperor Go-Reizei ascends the throne of Japan.
• Edward the Confessor marries Edith of Wessex and begins construction of Westminster Abbey.
• January 20 – Pope Sylvester III becomes the 146th pope, succeeding former pope Benedict IX, who abdicated the previous year.
• April – Pope Sylvester III is deposed (election deemed invalid); Pope Benedict IX is elected once more, becoming the 147th pope.
• May 5 – Pope Gregory VI becomes the 148th pope, following the deposition of Pope Benedict IX. There are growing allegations that simony is taking place during Gregory VI's reign.
• Movable type printing is invented by Bi Sheng in China.
• The Lingxiao Pagoda of China is built during the Song Dynasty.
• The Qingli Reforms, put forth by the Chinese statesmen Ouyang Xiu and Fan Zhongyan in 1043, are halted by their conservative ministerial peers, but would later influence reform efforts under Wang Anshi.

1046

• March 5 – Naser Khosrow begins the seven-year Middle Eastern journey which he later describes in his book Safarnameh.
• December 20 – Pope Gregory VI is accused of simony at the Council of Sutri, and abdicates as pope.
• December 25 – Pope Clement II succeeds Pope Gregory VI as the 149th pope.
• The first contact occurs between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuks.
• Vatha Pagan Revolt in Hungary: Gerard Sagredo is martyred in Budapest.
• Henry III is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Clement II.
• Song Dynasty Chinese judge and magistrate Bao Qingtian writes a memorial to the throne, warning about governmental corruption and a foreseeable bankruptcy of the Chinese iron industry, if increasingly poorer families continued to be listed on the register for iron-smelting households (while more rich households avoid being listed for fear of financial calamity). Apparently the government heeds the warning, and produces more iron product by the year 1078 than China ever had before.

1047

• Battle of Val-ès-Dunes: William the Conqueror, with assistance from King Henry I of France, secures control of Normandy by defeating the rebel Norman barons at Caen.
• Harald III becomes sole king of Norway.
• Sweyn II is crowned king of Denmark.
• Pope Clement II is succeeded by Pope Benedict IX as the 150th pope.
• Revolt of Leo Tornikios in the Byzantine Empire

By area

Asia

• September 10 or September 18 – Battle of Kapetrou: Seljuks defeat a force of Byzantines and Georgians.

Europe

• The city of Oslo is founded by Harald Hardråde of Norway.
• Failed Byzantine attempt to reconquer Malta.

By topic

Religion

• July 16 – Pope Benedict IX is driven from Rome, ending his third and final pontificate.
• July 17 – Pope Damasus II succeeds Pope Benedict IX as the 151st pope.

By Place

Africa

• Beginning of the Banu Hilal invasions in the Maghrib. They are organized by the Egyptian Fatimid dynasty to punish their former Zirid vassals.

Asia

• A truce is declared between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Turks.
• Construction of the large Iron Pagoda in Kaifeng, China, is completed in this year during the Song Dynasty.

Europe

• The Pisans successfully complete the conquest of Sardegna upon the Andalusian occupiers.

By topic

Religion

• February 12 – Pope Leo IX succeeds Pope Damasus II as the 152nd pope.

Significant people

• King Macbeth of Scotland (d. 1057)
• Godwin, Earl of Wessex (d. 1053)
• El Cid (b. 1040)
• Yaroslav I the Wise