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AFDX-384 (BIBN-161) is a drug which acts as a selective antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, with selectivity for the M2 and M4 subtypes. It is used mainly for mapping the distribution of M2 and M4 muscarinic receptors in the brain, and studying their involvement in the development and treatment of dementia and schizophrenia.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
^"M2 receptor binding of the selective antagonist AF-DX 384: possible involvement of the common allosteric site". Molecular Pharmacology. 53 (2): 304–12. February 1998. PMID9463489. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
^"A novel muscarinic M(4) receptor antagonist provides further evidence of an autoreceptor role for the muscarinic M(2) receptor sub-type". European Journal of Pharmacology. 383 (1): 53–6. October 1999. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(99)00607-X. PMID10556681. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
^"Syntheses of R and S isomers of AF-DX 384, a selective antagonist of muscarinic M2 receptors". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 8 (3): 591–600. March 2000. doi:10.1016/S0968-0896(99)00307-7. PMID10732976. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
^"Comparative distribution of binding of the muscarinic receptor ligands pirenzepine, AF-DX 384, (R,R)-I-QNB and (R,S)-I-QNB to human brain". Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy. 24 (3): 211–23. September 2002. doi:10.1016/S0891-0618(02)00066-2. PMID12297267. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
^"M2/M4 muscarinic receptor binding in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia and mood disorders". Brain Research Bulletin. 65 (5): 397–403. May 2005. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.02.007. PMID15833594. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
^"Muscarinic M2 and M4 receptors in anterior cingulate cortex: relation to neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies". Behavioural Brain Research. 161 (2): 299–305. June 2005. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2005.02.019. PMID15922057. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)