Ford Fusion Hybrid
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| Manufacturer | Ford Motor Company |
|---|---|
| Production | 2009–present |
| Model years | 2010-present |
| Assembly | Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico |
| Class | Mid-size |
| Body style | 4-door sedan |
| Layout | FF layout |
The Ford Fusion Hybrid is a gasoline-electric hybrid powered version of the mid-size Ford Fusion sedan developed by the Ford Motor Company, and launched to the U.S. market in March 2009 as a 2010 model, together with its twin the Mercury Milan Hybrid.[1] The 2013 model year Ford Fusion Hybrid was unveiled at the January 2012 North American International Auto Show, and sales of the next generation hybrid are scheduled to begin by mid 2012, followed by a plug-in hybrid version named Ford Fusion Energi by the third quarter of 2012.[2][3]
In January 2010 the Fusion Hybrid won the 2010 North American Car of the Year Award at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit.[4] The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ratings for the Ford Fusion Hybrid are 41 miles per US gallon (5.7 L/100 km; 49 mpg-imp) for city and 36 miles per US gallon (6.5 L/100 km; 43 mpg-imp) for highway.[5][6] When driving on electric-only mode (EV mode) the Fusion can achieve 47 mph[6] and up to 2 miles (3.2 km) of continuous EV driving under ideal conditions.[7] A full tank delivers 700 miles (1,126.5 km) in city driving.[6][7][5][8]
Contents |
[edit] First generation
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| Production | 2009-2012 |
|---|---|
| Model years | 2009-2012 |
| Platform | Ford CD3 platform |
| Engine | Gasoline: I4 2.5 L /156 hp (116 kW) Atkinson cycle Electric: Permanent Magnet AC Synchronous Motor 106 hp (79 kW) @ 6,500 rpm, 275 volts |
| Transmission | Aisin power split device |
| Wheelbase | 107.4 in (2,728 mm) |
| Length | 190.6 in (4,841 mm) |
| Width | 72.2 in (1,834 mm) |
| Height | 56.9 in (1,445 mm) |
| Curb weight | 3,720 lb (1,690 kg) |
| Related | Mercury Milan Hybrid Lincoln MKZ Hybrid Ford Fusion |
[edit] History and development
The hybrid electric version of the Fusion was announced at the 2005 North American International Auto Show, along with the public introduction of the original 2006 Fusion. At that time Ford announced that the hybrid version was scheduled to be introduced in early 2009 for the 2010 model year, for a suggested retail price of US$27,270.[9][10] The new Fusion Hybrid and Fusion Sport officially debuted at the Greater Los Angeles Auto Show in November 2008.[11]
The Fusion Hybrid is manufactured at Ford's Hermosillo Stamping & Assembly plant, located in Sonora, Mexico.[6] Ford set a modest sales target of about 25,000 vehicles a year for the Fusion Hybrid and the similar Mercury Milan.[8]
The Fusion Hybrid was made available for press testing in December 2008 and launched to the U.S market in March 2009. During the same month two other new hybrid models also came on sale, the Honda Insight and the Mercury Milan.[1] During the few days that were available to the public, Ford's new Fusion and Milan hybrids sold a combined 451 units, representing 3.0% of all Fusion and Milan models sold in March 2009.[1]
The Fusion is the first new hybrid vehicle the Ford brand offered in five years, and is the second hybrid vehicle after the Ford Escape Hybrid. The Ford Fusion and Mercury Milan hybrids join the Saturn Vue Green Line Hybrid for Mexican-built hybrid vehicles.[citation needed]
The 2011 Lincoln MKZ Hybrid, launched in the U.S. market in September 2010, shares the hybrid powertrain from the Ford Fusion and Mercury Milan hybrids, and delivers an estimated fuel economy of 41 mpg-US (5.7 L/100 km; 49 mpg-imp). The MKZ Hybrid offers several improvements of Ford's Smart Gauge with EcoGuide, first introduced in the 2010 Fusion Hybrid.[12][13]
[edit] Design and technology
The Fusion Hybrid is a "full" hybrid because both propulsion sources, an electric motor powered by a Sanyo supplied[14] 275 V nickel-metal hydride battery, and a 2.5L Atkinson cycle I4 156 hp 136 ft.lbs.[citation needed] gas engine with late intake valve closing (iVCT), have substantial power ratings and either can be used alone to propel the vehicle.[6][15] When braking or decelerating, the Fusion's hybrid system uses regenerative braking, where the electric drive motor becomes a generator, converting the vehicle's momentum back to electricity for storage in the batteries. Ford claims that nearly 94 percent energy recovery is achieved by first delivering full regenerative braking followed by friction brakes during city driving.[6] Under ideal conditions, Ford claims the Fusion Hybrid can cruise 2 miles (3.2 km) at up to 47 miles per hour (76 km/h) on battery power alone.[7]
[edit] Safety
The Ford Fusion line-up was included in the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety 2010 "Top Safety Pick's" rating for the mid-size category.[16][17] As of June 2010, Ford Fusion and Mercury Milan hybrids are the only two mid-size hybrid vehicles in the list.[18] Due to the fact that Ford recently modified and strengthened the roof structure of the Flex, Fusion, and MKT vehicles, these 2010 ratings apply only to Lincoln MKZs, Mercury Milan and Fusions built after April 2010.[16]
[edit] Fuel economy and environmental performance
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has rated the fuel economy for the 2010 Fusion Hybrid at 41 miles per US gallon (5.7 L/100 km; 49 mpg-imp) city, 36 miles per US gallon (6.5 L/100 km; 43 mpg-imp) highway.[19] The following table compares fuel economy, carbon footprint, and petroleum consumption between the hybrid version and other drivetrains of the Fusion family as estimated by the EPA and the U.S. Department of Energy:
| Economic and environmental performance comparison among the several Fusion powertrains available in the U.S. market |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of Powertrain |
Type of fuel |
Year model |
EPA City mileage (mpg) |
EPA Highway mileage (mpg) |
Annual fuel cost (1) (2) (USD) |
Carbon footprint (Ton/yr of CO2) (3) |
Annual Petroleum Use (barrel) |
| Hybrid electric FWD Automatic (variable gear ratios), 4 cyl, 2.5L[20] |
Gasoline | 2011 | 41 | 36 | $1,083 | 4.8 | 8.8 |
| FWD Automatic 6-spd, 4 cyl, 2.5L[21] | Gasoline | 2011 | 23 | 33 | $1,629 | 7.2 | 13.2 |
| FWD Automatic (S6), 6 cyl, 3.0L[22] | Gasoline | 2011 | 20 | 28 | $1,840 | 8.1 | 14.9 |
| E85 flex-fuel | 2011 | 14 | 21 | $2,269 | 6.6 | 5.0 | |
| FWD Automatic (S6), 6 cyl, 3.5L[23] | Gasoline | 2011 | 18 | 27 | $2,013 | 8.9 | 16.3 |
| AWD Automatic (S6), 6 cyl, 3.0L[24] | Gasoline | 2011 | 18 | 26 | $2,115 | 9.3 | 17.1 |
| E85 flex-fuel | 2011 | 13 | 19 | $2,421 | 7.1 | 5.3 | |
| Notes: (1) Estimates assumes 45% highway driving, 55% city driving, and 15,000 annual miles. (2) Average U.S. prices: $2.82/gallon for gasoline, and $2.42/gallon for E85 fuel. E85 prices vary widely by region. As of early November 2010 the minimum price was $2.02/gallon in Illinois and the maximum price was $2.99/gallon in New York.[25] (3) Direct carbon footprint only and does not account for any potential indirect land use change impacts of biofuels. |
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The Ford Fusion Hybrid EPA's fuel economy rating is better than the Toyota Camry Hybrid (32 miles per gallon city, 33 highway), the Nissan Altima Hybrid (35 miles per gallon city, 33 highway), and the Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid (26 miles per gallon city, 34 highway), considered its main competitors in the mid-size sedan segment.
among hybrid car models available in the U.S.[26][27][28]
| Vehicle | Year model |
EPA City mileage (mpg) |
EPA Highway mileage (mpg) |
Annual fuel cost (1) (USD) |
Carbon footprint (Ton/yr of CO2) |
EPA Air Pollution Score(2) |
CARB Global Warming Score |
Passenger volume (in ft.3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toyota Prius | 2010 | 51 | 48 | $819 | 3.7 | 8 | 10 | 94 |
| Ford Fusion Hybrid/ Mercury Milan Hybrid |
2010 | 41 | 36 | $1,048 | 4.7 | 8 | 9 | 101 |
| Lincoln MKZ Hybrid | 2011 | 41 | 36 | $1,048 | 4.7 | 8 | 9 | 99 |
| Honda Civic Hybrid | 2010 | 40 | 45 | $975 | 4.5 | 9 | 10 | 91 |
| Honda Insight | 2010 | 40 | 43 | $999 | 4.5 | 8/9 | 10 | 85 |
| Lexus HS | 2010 | 35 | 34 | $1,171 | 5.4 | 8/9 | 9 | 90 |
| Nissan Altima Hybrid | 2010 | 35 | 33 | $1,204 | 5.5 | 9.5[29] | 9 | 101 |
| Toyota Camry Hybrid | 2010 | 33 | 34 | $1,204 | 5.5 | 8 | 9 | 101 |
| Toyota Camry Hybrid | 2011 | 31 | 35 | $1,241 | 5.7 | NA | 9 | 101 |
In 2009, Edmunds tested a Fusion Hybrid over two days of mixed city and highway driving against other hybrids or fuel efficient cars like the Toyota Prius, the Honda Insight, the Volkswagen Jetta TDI automatic and the MINI Cooper with manual transmission.[30] The results are summarized in the following table:
| Vehicle | Back roads | City loop | Highway | Overall | EPA City/Hwy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 Toyota Prius | 47.2 | 48.7 | 47.4 | 47.6 | 51/48 |
| 2010 Honda Insight | 44.1 | 43.4 | 38.6 | 42.3 | 40/43 |
| 2009 Volkswagen Jetta TDI A6 | 41.2 | 31.6 | 40.6 | 38.1 | 29/40 |
| 2010 Ford Fusion Hybrid | 39.6 | 35.1 | 36.0 | 37.3 | 41/36 |
| 2009 MINI Cooper M6 | 38.5 | 30.1 | 33.3 | 34.5 | 28/37 |
Motor Trend found that their Fusion Hybrid delivered only 33.5 miles per US gallon (7.02 L/100 km; 40.2 mpg-imp) in 500 miles (800 km) of mixed driving, 5 miles per US gallon (47 L/100 km; 6.0 mpg-imp) off the EPA combined rating. Over another 160 miles (260 km) of testing against a Toyota Camry Hybrid, the same car only achieved 31.8 miles per US gallon (7.40 L/100 km; 38.2 mpg-imp), while the Camry Hybrid delivered 32.7 miles per US gallon (7.19 L/100 km; 39.3 mpg-imp). "If our early numbers hold up, the Fusion Hybrid would be a rare instance of the EPA relapsing into the world of mileage make-believe." However, they noted that when driven very conservatively, the EPA numbers could be achieved. "In typical driving, you might as well throw the Fusion's EPA numbers out the window. But if you decide to really work at it, they're possible."[31] Car and Driver also tested a Fusion Hybrid and achieved no more than 34 miles per US gallon (6.9 L/100 km; 41 mpg-imp) over 300 miles (480 km) of driving, which was greater than the Camry Hybrid (31 miles per US gallon (7.6 L/100 km; 37 mpg-imp)) or Nissan Altima Hybrid (32 miles per US gallon (7.4 L/100 km; 38 mpg-imp)) though not by the margin indicated by the EPA ratings.[32]
According to Ford, the vehicle was built to have a fuel efficiency of 41 mpg in the city and 36 mpg on the highway by EPA standards.[33] On December 2008, AutoblogGreen staff reported they had obtained in-city mileage of 43.1 mpg on the streets of Los Angeles.[34] In addition, a Los Angeles Times reporter informed in December 2008 that he had obtained 52 mpg in mixed city-highway driving with little difficulty.[35]
On a single-tank publicity stunt conducted on April 2009, a Fusion Hybrid managed 81.5 miles per US gallon (2.89 L/100 km; 97.9 mpg-imp) on a 1,445.7 mile trip.[36][37]
Edmunds' InsideLine received a 2010 Fusion Hybrid as a long-term test car. Over 11,000 miles (18,000 km) of driving, their vehicle had only averaged 31.3 mpg-US (7.51 L/100 km; 37.6 mpg-imp), with a best tank of 37.7 mpg-US (6.24 L/100 km; 45.3 mpg-imp) and a worst tank of 24.4 mpg-US (9.64 L/100 km; 29.3 mpg-imp).[38]
[edit] SmartGauge for eco driving
The Fusion Hybrid comes with a SmartGauge with EcoGuide which features two 4.3-inch high-resolution, full-color LCD screens on either side of the vehicle’s analog speedometer. The objective of these panel display is to coach drivers on how to optimize the performance of their hybrid by keeping track of their eco driving improvements.[39][40][41]
These screens can be configured to show different levels of driver information, including fuel and battery power levels, and average and instant fuel economy. When set in tutorial mode, the instrument panel in the right side “grows” leaves and vines on-screen to reward fuel-efficient driving. The more leaves and vines that appear, the more efficient the driving behavior is and the more fuel is being saved. Long-term fuel efficiency can be also be displayed as a traditional chart. The left side display shows when the car is in pure-electric mode, and shows the state of battery charge.[39][40][41]
The 2011 Lincoln MKZ Hybrid, launched in September 2010, offers an improvement of Ford's SmartGauge with EcoGuide introduced with the 2010 Fusion and Milan hybrids.[12][13]
[edit] Tax credit
The Fusion Hybrid qualified for a maximum hybrid tax credit of US$3,400 if purchased by March 31, 2009. The credit dropped to US$ 1,700 if purchased by September 30, 2009, to US$850 if purchased from October 2009 and March 31, 2010, and phased out on April 1, 2010.[42]
[edit] Other markets
The Brazilian version of the Fusion Hybrid was unveiled at the 2010 São Paulo International Auto Show. Sales will begin in November 2010 at a price of R$133.900 (~US$78.500), and Fusion Hybrid will become the first full hybrid car sold in Brazil.[43] Imported from Mexico, the Fusion Hybrid engine performance and fuel system durability has been tested with the Brazilian mandatory E20 to E25 ethanol blends.[44]
[edit] Second generation
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| Production | 2012- |
|---|---|
| Model years | 2013- |
| Platform | Ford EUCD platform |
| Engine | 2.0L I4 |
| Transmission | CVT |
| Wheelbase | 112.2 in (2,850 mm) |
| Length | 191.7 in (4,869 mm) |
| Width | 72.9 in (1,852 mm) |
| Height | 58.1 in (1,476 mm) |
| Related | Ford Mondeo |
A complete redesign of the Ford Fusion lineup for the model year 2013 was unveiled at 2012 North American International Auto Show. The new lineup includes three optional engines for the conventional four-cylinder-only gasoline model, a next-generation hybrid version, and a plug-in hybrid version, the Ford Fusion Energi. The Ford Fusion will become the first production sedan to offer these three powertrain options. Sales of the gasoline-powered and hybrid version are scheduled to begin in the U.S. by mid 2012. Sales in Europe and Asia, under the Ford Mondeo name, are expected to begin in 2013.[2][3]
The nickel-metal hydride batteries used in the hybrid first generation are replaced with lithium-ion batteries. According to Ford, the 2013 model year Fusion Hybrid is more fuel efficient than its predecessor, with an estimated EPA rating of 47 mpg-US (5.0 L/100 km; 56 mpg-imp) in the city and 44 mpg-US (5.3 L/100 km; 53 mpg-imp) in highway driving. Sales are scheduled to begin by mid 2012.[3] Ford noted that the new Fusion Hybrid fuel economy will outperform the 2012 Toyota Camry Hybrid by 4 mpg-US (59 L/100 km; 4.8 mpg-imp) city and 5 mpg-US (47 L/100 km; 6.0 mpg-imp) highway, and the 2011 Hyundai Sonata Hybrid by 12 mpg-US (20 L/100 km; 14 mpg-imp) and 4 mpg-US (59 L/100 km; 4.8 mpg-imp), respectively.[2]
The second generation hybrid has a powertrain with a 2.0-liter Atkinson-cycle inline-four – downsized from the 2.5-liter unit used in the current Fusion Hybrid. Total output is estimated at 185 hp (138 kW) and 130 ft·lb (180 N·m), running to the front wheels via an electronically controlled continuously variable transmission.[45] The lithium-ion battery pack saves weight and generates more power than previous NiMH batteries, and allows the second generation Fusion Hybrid to raise its maximum speed under electric-only power from 47 to 62 mph (76 to 100 km/h).[2]
The 2013 Fusion Hybrid will included driver assistance and technologies based on sensors, cameras and radar that enable the car to see and respond. Fusion can help drivers maintain proper lane position (Lane Keeping System); adjust vehicle speed to changing traffic conditions through adaptive cruise control; active park assist to help identify suitable parking spaces and help park; and Blind Spot Information System (BLIS) with cross-traffic alert, which consists of sensors in both rear quarter-panels that are able to detect traffic in a driver’s blind spot, providing both audible and visual warnings if traffic unseen by the driver is detected. BLIS technology enables cross-traffic alert, even aiding drivers backing out of parking space where visibility is obstructed.[2][46]
During the 2012 North American International Auto Show Ford also unveiled the Lincoln MKZ concept model .[47] Ford announced plans to offer also a hybrid option of the redesigned 2013 Lincoln MKZ.[48]
[edit] Plug-in hybrid
The Fusion Energi is a plug-in hybrid and it was unveiled at the 2012 North American International Auto Show. According to Ford, when operating in all-electric mode the Fusion Energi will deliver an estimated EPA rating of 100 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (MPGe) (2.4 L/100 km equivalent).
The Fusion Energi uses the same non-turbo 2-liter 4-cylinder engine supplements as the Fusion Hybrid to assist the electric motor. All-electric range and other specifications were not announced. [3] The Fusion Energi estimated fuel economy equivalent (in MPGe) is 8 mpg-US (29 L/100 km; 9.6 mpg-imp) equivalent better than the Chevrolet Volt and 13 mpg-US (18 L/100 km; 16 mpg-imp) equivalent more than the expected efficiency of the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid model.[2][45] Sales are scheduled to begin by the third quarter of 2012.[3]
[edit] Awards and recognitions
- In April 2009 Kelley Blue Book included the 2010 Ford Fusion Hybrid among its 2009 list of "Top 10 Green Cars".[49]
- The 2009 U.S. News & World Report car ranking for best affordable mid-size cars is led by the 2010 Mercury Milan Hybrid followed by the 2010 Ford Fusion Hybrid. The 2010 Toyota Prius is ranked No. 4 together with the 2010 Toyota Camry Hybrid, and the 2009 Nissan Altima Hybrid ranks No. 12.[50]
- In November 2009, the entire 2010 Ford Fusion line-up, including the Fusion Hybrid, was selected as the 2010 Motor Trend Car of the Year.[51]
- In December 2009 Car and Driver magazine listed the 2010 Fusion Hybrid among one of the "10 Best Cars". The magazine stated that the Fusion Hybrid was the most advanced of all the cars they tested.[52]
- In December 2009 Automobile Magazine named the Fusion Hybrid one of the 2010 Automobile All-Stars.[53]
- In January 2010 the Fusion Hybrid won the 2010 North American Car of the Year Award at the Detroit Auto Show.[4]
- In February 2010 Consumer Reports included the Fusion Hybrid in the "American Top Picks 2010" leading the Green Car category.[54]
- In April 2010 Kelley Blue Book again included the Ford Fusion Hybrid among its 2010 list of "Top 10 Green Cars".[55]
- In March 2010 Mother Earth News included the 2010 Fusion Hybrid in its list of "Best Green Cars of 2010".[56]
- In February 2011 Consumer Reports included the Fusion Hybrid in the "American Top Picks 2011" leading the Green Car category.[57]
[edit] Sales
During 2009 the Fusion Hybrid sold in the U.S. market a total of 15,554 units and the Milan Hybrid 1,486 units, as reported by the manufacturers. Although the Fusion Hybrid helped Ford bypass Honda to become the second biggest seller of hybrids in the US market in the month of December 2009, for the whole year of 2009, Honda sold more hybrid vehicles (35,691 units) than Ford (33,520 units) and the 2010 Honda Insight also outsold the Fusion Hybrid, with 20,572 units.[58]
For the year 2010, U.S. sales of Ford Fusion Hybrid reached of 20,816 units, helping the model to become the third best selling hybrid in 2010 after the Toyota Prius and Honda Insight.[59] The Milan Hybrid sold 1,416 units in 2010 and its production was discontinued as part of Ford's decision to phase out the entire Mercury brand.[59][60] Purchases from the Obama administration accounted for almost a third of the Ford Fusion Hybrids produced between 2009 and late 2010.[61]
Ford reported that Fusion sales reached 151,004 units through July 2011, of which, 7,780 were the hybrid version, representing a 5.1% market share of all Fusion sales.[62][63] Considering cumulative sales of 7,996 units until August 2011, the Fusion Hybrid ranked as the fifth most sold hybrid model in 2011, and was outsold only by the Hyundai Sonata Hybrid, Honda CR-Z, Honda Insight, and Toyota Prius.[64] During year 2011, the Fusion Hybrid sold 11,286 units and the Lincoln MKZ Hybrid sold 5,739 units, ranking sixth and tenth correspondingly, in hybrid sales for calendar year 2011.[65]
[edit] See also
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ford Fusion Hybrid |
- Ford CD2 platform
- Ford Fusion (regular non-hybrid version)
- Ford Motor Company
- Hybrid electric vehicles in the United States
- List of hybrid vehicles
[edit] References
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- ^ a b c d e f Ford Press Release (2012-01-09). "Ford introduces new Fusion midsize sedan with new hybrid and Energi plug-in hybrid versions". Green Car Congress. http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/01/ford-introduces-new-fusion-midsize-sedan-with-new-hybrid-and-energi-plug-in-hybrid-versions.html. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ a b c d e Christopher Jensen (2012-01-09). "Ford Adds Plug-In Hybrid to Fusion Arsenal". The New York Times. http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/09/ford-adds-plug-in-hybrid-to-fusion-arsenal/?ref=automobiles. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ a b Jerry Garret (January 11, 2010). "Detroit Auto Show: Ford Sweeps Car and Truck of the Year". New York Times. http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/11/detroit-auto-show-ford-fusion-hybrid-wins-car-of-the-year/. Retrieved September 27, 2010.
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- ^ a b c "Ford Fusion Hybrid". Hybrid Cars. http://www.hybridcars.com/vehicle/ford-fusion-hybrid.html. Retrieved June 6, 2009.
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- ^ "Ford Fusion hybrid to hit auto show circuit soon". DetroitNews.com. August 15, 2007. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071011173737/http://info.detnews.com/autosinsider/sneakpeek/index.cfm?id=26578. Retrieved November 18, 2007.
- ^ Gluckman, David (August 2007). "Spied: 2009 Ford Fusion – Car News". Car and Driver. http://www.caranddriver.com/carnews/13741/spied-2009-ford-fusion.html?al=99. Retrieved November 18, 2007.
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- ^ a b Mike Floyd (March 2010). "2011 Lincoln MKZ Hybrid". Motor Trend. http://www.motortrend.com/auto_shows/new_york/2010/1003_2011_lincoln_mkz_hybrid/index.html. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
- ^ a b "Ford Introduces 2011 Lincoln MKZ Hybrid; Projected 41 mpg City". Green Car Congress. March 31, 2010. http://www.greencarcongress.com/2010/03/mkzhybrid-20100330.html. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
- ^ Abuelsamid, Sam (October 30, 2008). "Tech Analysis: 2010 Ford Fusion/Mercury Milan powertrains, 38 mpg hybrid! – Autoblog Green". Autobloggreen.com. http://www.autobloggreen.com/2008/10/30/tech-analysis-2010-ford-fusion-mercury-milan-powertrains-38-mp/2. Retrieved October 17, 2009.
- ^ "Fusion Especifications". Ford Motor Company. http://www.fordvehicles.com/cars/fusion/features/specs/. Retrieved June 6, 2009. See boxes "Gas Engine Specifications (Hybrid Model)" and "Electric Motor Specifications (Hybrid Model)"
- ^ a b "TOP SAFETY PICKs 2010". Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. http://www.iihs.org/ratings/default.aspx. Retrieved June 12, 2010.
- ^ "IIHS chooses 9 more Top Safety Picks". Consumer Reports. June 9, 2010. http://blogs.consumerreports.org/cars/2010/06/iihs-chooses-9-more-top-safety-picks.html. Retrieved June 12, 2010.
- ^ "Ford Fusion, Mercury Milan hybrids earn IIHS "Top Safety Pick"". AutoblogGreen. June 12, 2010. http://green.autoblog.com/2010/06/12/ford-fusion-mercury-milan-hybrids-earn-iihs-top-safety-pick/. Retrieved June 12, 2010.
- ^ "2010 Ford Fusion Hybrid Information". January 8, 2009. http://www.fordfusion.net/hybrid/. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
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- ^ The Altima Hybrid is only sold in states using California standards, and so has no non-California/Northeast air pollution score.
- ^ a b James Riswick. "Fuel Sipper Smackdown 2: Which Car Gets the Best Fuel Economy?". Edmunds.com. http://www.edmunds.com/advice/fueleconomy/articles/153866/article.html. Retrieved March 6, 2010.
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