List of hybrid vehicles

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This is a list of (plug-in or regular) hybrid vehicles in chronological order of first production:

Contents 1 Cars 1.1 Early designs: 1899-1917 1.2 1960s 1.3 1970s 1.4 1980s 1.5 1990s 1.6 2000s 1.6.1 2000 1.6.2 2002 1.6.3 2003 1.6.4 2004 1.6.5 2005 1.6.6 2006 1.6.7 2007 1.6.8 2008 1.6.9 2009 1.7 Planned 1.7.1 2010 1.7.2 2011 1.7.3 2012 1.7.4 Unknown Date 2 Buses 2.1 1991 2.2 1993 2.3 1995 2.4 1996 2.5 1997 2.6 1998 2.7 1999 2.8 2002 2.9 2003 2.10 2004 2.11 2006 2.12 2008 2.13 Unknown Date 3 Excavators 4 Trucks 5 References 6 See also 7 External links 7.1 Hybrids in logistics 7.2 Hybrids in public transport

[edit] Cars

[edit] Early designs: 1899-1917

• 1899: Ferdinand Porsche, then a young engineer at Jacob Lohner & Co. creates the first gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles.^[1]

• 1900: Carmaker Pieper of Belgium introduced a vehicle with an under-seat electric motor and a gasoline engine. It used the internal combustion engine to charge its batteries at cruise speed and used both motors to accelerate or climb a hill. Auto-Mixte, also of Belgium, built vehicles from 1906 to 1912 under the Pieper patents.^[2]

• 1901: Jacob Lohner & Co. produces the first Lohner Porsche, a series of gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles based on employee Ferdinand Porsche's novel drivetrain.^[1] These vehicles had a driveline that was either gas or electric, but not both at the same time.

• 1907: AL (French car)
• 1917: Wood's Dual Power Car had a driveline similar to the current GMC/Chevrolet Silverado hybrid pickup truck.

[edit] 1960s

• 1969 General Motors XP-883

[edit] 1970s

• 1972 Towns Microdot

[edit] 1980s

• 1986 The Twike HEHV designed by a group of Swiss students debuted at the World expo in Vancouver, Canada. It remains in limited production and available in the USA (source: Neiman Marcus Christmas Book 2007, page 89).

• 1986 The Goldwing engine-based Gaselle hybrid gas/electric prototype built by Sarabjit Gandhi drove 8050 km in 16 days as part of the World Energy Autocross.

• 1989 Audi 100 Duo aka or Audi 100 Avant Duo experimental vehicle, a plug-in parallel hybrid based on the Audi 100 Avant quattro. No more than 10 were produced.

[edit] 1990s

• 1991 Audi 100 Duo second generation (experimental vehicle)
• 1996 AC Propulsion tzero (electric vehicle + steering-integrated genset trailer; 80 mile PbA, 300 mile Li-ion(2003) EV-mode)
• 1997 Toyota Prius (Japanese market only)
• 1997 Audi A4 Duo (60 total)
• 1999 Honda Insight

[edit] 2000s

[edit] 2000

• 2000 Toyota Estima hybrid (Japanese market only)
• 2000 Toyota Prius (US market)

[edit] 2002

• 2002? Mazda Demio e-4WD (Japanese market only, used for traction assistance)
• 2002 Dyna Diesel Hybrid (Japan only, Diesel Hybrid)
• 2002 Honda Civic Hybrid (2003 model)

[edit] 2003

• Renault Kangoo (plug-in hybrid electric vehicle)
• Suzuki Twin
• Toyota Alphard Hybrid
• Toyota Prius (5 seat midsize) 2004 model year, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive 1,000,000 sold (as of May 15, 2008)

[edit] 2004

• Honda Accord Hybrid (2005-2007 model)
• Ford Escape Hybrid (2005 model, uses Toyota patents)
• Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid (mild hybrid, no electrical motor for propulsion, only accessories)

[edit] 2005

• Honda Civic Hybrid (2006 model, second generation)
• Lexus RX 400h (2006 model year)
• Mercury Mariner hybrid
• Toyota Kluger/Highlander Hybrid (2006 model)

[edit] 2006

• Lexus GS 450h (2007 model)
• Saturn Vue Green Line (BAS mild hybrid, 2007 model)
• Toyota Camry Hybrid (2007 model)
• Toyota Estima/Previa hybrid minivan (Japanese market only)

[edit] 2007

• BMW 1 Series (Global Hybrid Cooperation, world's first standard mild hybrid technology with Auto Start Stop function, Brake Energy Regeneration, electric power steering, electric water pump)^[3][4]
• Lexus LS600hL (2008 model first V8)
• Mazda Tribute hybrid, 2008 model, expected to go on sale July 2007
• Nissan Altima Hybrid (licensed Toyota hybrid technology)
• Saturn Aura Green Line Hybrid (BAS mild hybrid 2008-2010 model)
• Toyota Kluger/Highlander Hybrid (2008 model redesign)

[edit] 2008

• Cadillac Escalade (AHS II, 2009 model)
• Chevrolet Malibu (BAS), mild hybrid canceled in 2009)
• Chevrolet Tahoe (AHS II 2008 model, SUV, RWD/AWD)
• Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid (AHS II first full hybrid fullsize pickup, 2009 model)
• Dodge Durango (AHS II) (SUV) 2009 model, expected to go on sale Fall 2008
• GMC Sierra Hybrid (AHS II, 2009 model)
• GMC Yukon Hybrid (AHS II, 2008 model)
• Roewe 750 (midsize car) First Chinese hybrid car
• Saturn Vue Green Line (AHS II) (SUV, FWD) 2009 model, 45% improvement over non-hybrid version according to GM^[5]
• Saturn AURA Green Line mild hybrid (2008-2010 model)
• Toyota Crown Hybrid (redesign, Japanese market)
• BYD F3DM Plug-in hybrid

[edit] 2009

• Ford Fusion Hybrid 2010 model year (midsize car)
• Mercury Milan Hybrid 2010 model (midsize car)
• Honda Insight 2010 model year, second-generation model, now as a 5-door hatchback

• Toyota Prius (5 seat midsize) 2010 model year, third generation Hybrid Synergy Drive
• Lexus RX 450h
• Lexus HS 250h
• Saturn Vue Green Line (AHS II) (SUV, FWD, 2010 model, Plug-in hybrid, Lithium-Ion batteries, canceled in 2009)
• Mercedes S400 BlueHybrid (mild hybrid, first lithium-ion battery hybrid, Global Hybrid Cooperation)
• Aptera Motors' Aptera 2h (three-wheeled, two seat)
• Fisker Karma
• Phoenix MotorCars: Starts selling plug-in hybrid SUV & Truck in California 2009 (also available all-electric); Assembled in the USA; no projected release date outside CA yet^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Planned

This section is sorted by expected sale date.

[edit] 2010

• Chevrolet Volt 2011 model ^[6] (PHEV-40)
• Nissan's original hybrid vehicle is targeted for launch in 2010.^[7]
• PSA Peugeot Citroen will market hybrid HDi vehicles from 2010.^[8]
• Audi A1
• Proton Gen-2 EVE Hybrid is targeted to be produced commercially within 2010-2011.^[9] Concept model was shown at the 2007 Geneva Auto Show.
• VentureOne Three wheeled vehicle
• VW Touareg TSI Hybrid

[edit] 2011

• Toyota Camry Hybrid 2012 model, third generation Hybrid Synergy Drive^[10]
• Land Rover Range Rover Hybrid concept, diesel-electric engine (under development) in conjunction with new aluminum body
• Fiat Nuova 500 Hybrid

[edit] 2012

• Volvo announced the launching of series production of diesel-electric plug-in hybrids by 2012.^[11][12]

[edit] Unknown Date

• Toyota Sienna
• Peugeot 307 CC Hybride HDi.
• Daihatsu Hijet Cargo Hybrid a commercial microvan (659 cc) (in Japan, not yet in production)
• Ford hybrid car
• Honda CR-Z Hybrid sports car.
• Hyundai Accent Unknown date of production
• Kia Rio Originally for 2007, now delayed along with Hyundai Accent hybrid (concept model was shown at the 2007 Geneva Auto Show)
• Lexus LF-A 2009
• Opel Astra Diesel Hybrid. ^[13].
• Porsche Panamera
• Saab planning hybrid based on GM system^[14]
• Toyota Corolla
• Mahindra Diesel-electric hybrid PikUp in 2010.^[15]
• Toyota FT-HS ^[16]
• Porsche Cayenne^[17]
• BMW Concept X6 ActiveHybrid Mild hybrid^[18][19]

[edit] Buses

[edit] 1991

• Hino Blue Ribbon HIMR

[edit] 1993

• Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star MBECS, first generation

[edit] 1995

• Nissan Diesel UA ERIP

[edit] 1996

• Isuzu Cubic CHASSE

[edit] 1997

• Toyota Coaster Hybrid EV (first Japanese series hybrid bus)

[edit] 1998

• New Flyer H40LF (diesel-electric hybrid bus), 'H' later changed to 'DE'

[edit] 1999

• Orion VI Hybrid

[edit] 2002

• Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star Nonstep HEV bus, second generation
• Nova Bus RTS HEV bus (4 units built)
• MCI D4000 HEV (4 units built)
• Wright Electrocity

[edit] 2003

• Orion VII hybrid bus^[20]
• TransBus Enviro200H

[edit] 2004

• New Flyer GE40LF (gasoline-electric hybrid bus)
• Hino S'elega R Hybrid

[edit] 2006

• IC Corporation Hybrid School Bus
• Nova Bus LFS HEV
• Wright Pulsar Gemini HEV

[edit] 2008

• Alexander Dennis Enviro200H
• Alexander Dennis Enviro400H
• Alexander Dennis Enviro500H
• Beiqi Foton in Guangzhou, China with Eaton Corp. diesel-electric hybrid powertrains ^[21]
• Optare Rapta
• Optare Tempo
• Volvo B5L Hybrid
• Wright Gemini 2

[edit] Unknown Date

• Gillig Hybrid (hybrid diesel-electric buses)
• North American Bus Industries 60-BRT Hybrid
• Orion VII Hybrid
• Whispering Wheel Buss

[edit] Excavators

• 2008 Komatsu PC200-8 Hybrid excavator, for sale in Japan only.

[edit] Trucks

• 1993 Hino Model Unknown, medium duty, for sale in Japan only. First generation
• 2003 Hino Ranger Hybrid, light duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generation
• 2004 Hino Dutro/Toyota Dyna Hybrid, light duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generation
• 2006 Canter Eco Hybrid made by Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corporation, for sale in Japan only.
• 2006 International FTTS
• 2007 Hino Hybrid 6500 Medium, light duty, available in Australia. ^[22]
• 2007 E-ONE^[23] Hybrid Command Center
• 2007 Eaton Corp. Medium-duty hybrid trucks fully commercialized in conjunction with FedEx Express and other partners^[24]

[edit] References

[edit] See also

• List of 2007 hybrid vehicles
• List of battery electric vehicles
• SmILE
• Petroleum electric hybrid vehicles
• Comparison of Toyota hybrids

[edit] External links

• Hybrid Vehicle History
• Toyota's hybrid cars information
• Lexus' Hybrid Cars Information

[edit] Hybrids in logistics

Light trucks

• Micro-Vett Daily Bimodale
• Mercedes Daimler Chrysler Hybrid Sprinter (Van)

Tow tractors for baggage handling on airports

• Volk Hybrids

[edit] Hybrids in public transport

Buses

• Hino Blue Ribbon City Hybrid
• Hybrid Diesel-Electric Buses TriMet

Trains

• JR Easts NE New Energy Train
• Railpower Green Goat
• GE's Hybrid Locomotive
• hybrid.com: Drive with a Green Conscience

Cars and SUV's

• 2007 Hybrid Cars