Government of Bangladesh
| Government of Bangladesh | |
|---|---|
| বাংলাদেশে সরকার | |
 | |
| Overview | |
| Established | 10 April 1971 |
| State | People's Republic of Bangladesh |
| Leader | Prime Minister (Sheikh Hasina) |
| Appointed by | President of Bangladesh (Abdul Hamid) |
| Main organ | Cabinet of Bangladesh |
| Ministries | 58 ministerial departments, 353 non-ministerial departments |
| Responsible to | Jatiya Sangsad |
| Annual budget | ৳ 603681 Crore |
| Headquarters | Bangladesh Secretariat, Dhaka |
| Website | bangladesh |
| This article is part of a series on the |
| Politics of Bangladesh |
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 Bangladesh portal |
The Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh (Template:Lang-bn — Gaṇaprajātantrī bānlādēśa sarakāra) is the central executive government of Bangladesh. The government was constituted by the Constitution of Bangladesh and represented by the president, the prime minister and the cabinet of Bangladesh. The legislature represented by the Jatiya Sangsad, and the judiciary, represented by the Supreme Court of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a unitary state[1] and the central government has the authority to govern over the entirety of the nation. The seat of the government is located in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh.[2][3][4]
The executive government is led by the prime minister, who selects all the remaining ministers. The prime minister and the other most senior ministers belong to the supreme decision-making committee, known as the Cabinet. The current prime minister is Sheikh Hasina, leader of the Bangladesh Awami League, who was appointed by the president on 6 January 2009 following the general election on 29 December 2008. Bangladesh Awami League led by her, and its Grand Alliance (a total of 14 parties) won two-thirds majority in the elections. Numerically, the party controls 230 seats out of 299.[5]
The legislature of Bangladesh is unicameral. Called the Jatiya Sangsad in Bengali, it is the parliament of Bangladesh. The Speaker presides over meetings of the Jatiya Sangsad and conducts its business in an orderly fashion. The current Jatiya Sangsad contains 350 seats, including 50 seats reserved exclusively for women and 300 seats for elected members, which are apportioned on elected party position in the parliament. The eleventh national parliamentary election was held on 30 December 2018.[6] The current speaker is Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury, who is presiding over the eleventh Parliament. She is the first woman to have held this office.
The judicial system contains an apex Supreme Court, which is composed of the Appellate Division and the High Court Division. There are various levels of the judiciary in Bangladesh – different types of courts form a strict hierarchy of importance – District Courts, City Criminal Courts, Specialized Courts and Tribunals are all inferior to the Supreme Court. The chief justice of Bangladesh is the head of the judiciary and the Supreme Court. The present and the 22nd chief justice of Bangladesh is Syed Mahmud Hossain. He succeeded acting chief Justice Md. Abdul Wahhab Miah on 2 February 2018.[7]
Head of state
The President is the Head of State, a largely ceremonial post. The real power is held by the Prime Minister, who is the head of government. The president is elected by the legislature every five years and has normally limited powers that are substantially expanded during the tenure of a caretaker government, mainly in controlling the transition to a new government. Bangladesh has instituted a unique system of transfer of power; at the end of the tenure of the government, power is handed over to members of a civil society for three months, who run the general elections and transfer the power to elected representatives. This system was first practiced in 1991 and adopted to the constitution in 1996.[8]
As head of the state, the president can grant pardon to a man sentenced to death penalty or lessen the punishment. In some cases, it also performs some legislative and judicial functions.
Prime Minister
The prime minister is ceremonially appointed by the president, commanding the confidence of the majority of the MPs. The cabinet is composed of selected ministers. Prime minister exercise supreme power in Bangladesh.
Cabinet
The executive administrates the country and executes the laws, passed by the legislature. It maintains the internal law and order in the country. It also maintains relationship with foreign countries. It works for defence, liberty and sovereignty of the country.
Agencies
The executive calculates the income and expenditure of the government. It also performs various public welfare services such as; education, agriculture, establishment of industry, trade & commerce, land reform, tax and revenue collection. Beside this, it also accepts and implements various development projects.
Local Government
At the local government level, the country is divided into divisions, districts, subdistricts (Upazila), unions, and villages. The lowest level of local government representative are Local officials of union council those who are elected at the union level election. All larger administrative units are run by members of the civil service.
Finance
Taxation
Annual budget
Issues
Corruption
Separation of powers
See also
References
- ^ "Article 1". Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. 4 November 1972. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
- ^ "Part VI: The Executive". Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. 4 November 1972. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
- ^ "Part V: The Legislature". Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. 4 November 1972. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
- ^ "Part VI: The Judiciary". Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. 4 November 1972. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
- ^ "Hasina wins Bangladesh landslide" Archived 16 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, BBC
- ^ "New MPs take oath". The Daily Star. 9 January 2014. Archived from the original on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
- ^ Staff Correspondent. "Acting CJ Wahhab Miah resigns". Prothomalo. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ 14th Amendment, Constitution of Bangladesh, 1996.
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