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[[File:Royal Monogram of Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge.svg|thumb|upright|100px|Royal Monogram]]
[[File:Royal Monogram of Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge.svg|thumb|upright|100px|Royal Monogram]]
* '''9 January 1982{{spaced ndash}}29 April 2011''': ''Miss'' Catherine Elizabeth Middleton<ref name=TRH/><ref name=Beckford/>
* '''9 January 1982{{spaced ndash}}29 April 2011''': ''Miss'' Catherine Elizabeth Middleton<ref name=TRH/><ref name=Beckford/>
* '''29 April 2011{{spaced ndash}}present''': ''Her Royal Highness'' The Duchess of Cambridge<ref name=TRH>{{cite web|title=Styles and titles – The Duchess of Cambridge|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheDuchessofCambridge/Stylesandtitles.aspx|publisher=The Royal Household|accessdate=1 August 2013|quote=Miss Catherine Middleton became Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge, Countess of Strathearn and Lady Carrickfergus.}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=Titles announced for Prince William and Catherine Middleton|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/media/press-releases/titles-announced-prince-william-and-catherine-middleton|accessdate=2 August 2013|publisher=Clarence House|date=29 April 2011}}</ref><ref name=Beckford/>
* '''29 April 2011{{spaced ndash}}present''': ''Her Royal Highness'' The Duchess of Cambridge<ref name=TRH>{{cite web|title=Styles and titles – The Duchess of Cambridge|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheDuchessofCambridge/Stylesandtitles.aspx|publisher=The Royal Household|accessdate=1 August 2013|quote=Miss Catherine Middleton became Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge, Countess of Strathearn and Lady Carrickfergus.}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=Titles announced for Prince William and Catherine Middleton|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/media/press-releases/titles-announced-prince-william-and-catherine-middleton|accessdate=2 August 2013|publisher=Clarence House|date=29 April 2011}}</ref><ref name=Beckford/><ref name=Rayner2Aug2013>{{cite news|last=Rayner|first=Gordon|title=Royal baby: Duke and Duchess of Cambridge register birth of Prince George|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-george/10218854/Royal-baby-Duke-and-Duchess-of-Cambridge-register-birth-of-Prince-George.html|date=2 August 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|quote=The Duchess is entitled to use the title Princess William of Wales, but has never described herself as such because the couple decided to be known as the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge after the titles were conferred on them by the Queen on their wedding day.}}</ref>
** ''in Scotland'': '''29 April 2011{{spaced ndash}} present''': ''Her Royal Highness'' The Countess of Strathearn<ref>[http://www.dukeandduchessofcambridge.org/news-and-diary/the-duke-and-duchess-of-cambridge-visit-glasgow Duke and Duchess of Cambridge – visit the Emirates Arena] "The Duke and Duchess, known as the Earl and Countess of Strathearn when in Scotland..." (Accessed 24 July 2013)</ref><ref>[http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/the-prince-of-wales/the-princes-charities/dumfries-house Prince of Wales – Dumfries House] (Section: April 5th Official Opening of the Tamar Manoukian Outdoor Centre) "...Their Royal Highnesses The Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay and the Earl and Countess of Strathearn..." (Accessed 24 July 2013)</ref>
** ''in Scotland'': '''29 April 2011{{spaced ndash}} present''': ''Her Royal Highness'' The Countess of Strathearn<ref>[http://www.dukeandduchessofcambridge.org/news-and-diary/the-duke-and-duchess-of-cambridge-visit-glasgow Duke and Duchess of Cambridge – visit the Emirates Arena] "The Duke and Duchess, known as the Earl and Countess of Strathearn when in Scotland..." (Accessed 24 July 2013)</ref><ref>[http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/the-prince-of-wales/the-princes-charities/dumfries-house Prince of Wales – Dumfries House] (Section: April 5th Official Opening of the Tamar Manoukian Outdoor Centre) "...Their Royal Highnesses The Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay and the Earl and Countess of Strathearn..." (Accessed 24 July 2013)</ref>


Catherine's full title and style is ''Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge, Countess of Strathearn and Lady Carrickfergus''.<ref name=TRH/><ref group=fn>A [[baron]] and his wife are normally addressed as ''Lord [Barony]'' and ''Lady [Barony]'' respectively, where ''[Barony]'' is substituted with the name of his [[English feudal barony|barony]].</ref>
Catherine's full title and style is ''Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge, Countess of Strathearn and Lady Carrickfergus''.<ref name=TRH/><ref name=Rayner2Aug2013/><ref group=fn>A [[baron]] and his wife are normally addressed as ''Lord [Barony]'' and ''Lady [Barony]'' respectively, where ''[Barony]'' is substituted with the name of his [[English feudal barony|barony]].</ref>


Unlike the majority of royal brides, and in contrast to most previous consorts-in-waiting for over 350 years, Catherine's immediate family is neither [[Aristocracy (class)|aristocratic]] nor [[Royal family|royal]].<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/8137234/Royal-wedding-Kate-Middleton-will-be-first-middle-class-queen-in-waiting.html Royal wedding Kate Middleton will be first middle-class queen-in-waiting] The Telegraph, 16 November 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/nov/16/profile-kate-middleton Profile: Kate Middleton] guardian.co.uk, 16 November 2010</ref> On the morning of their wedding day on 29 April 2011, at 8:00&nbsp;am, officials at [[Buckingham Palace]] announced that in accordance with royal tradition and on recognition of the day by the Queen, Prince William was created [[Duke of Cambridge]], [[Earl of Strathearn]] and [[Baron Carrickfergus]].<ref name=Beckford>{{cite news|last=Beckford|first=Martin |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/royal-wedding/8482962/Royal-wedding-Prince-William-and-Kate-Middleton-become-Duke-and-Duchess-of-Cambridge.html|title=Royal wedding: Prince William and Kate Middleton become Duke and Duchess of Cambridge|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=29 April 2011|accessdate=1 August 2013|quote=Buckingham Palace said in a statement published at 8am on Friday: 'The Queen has today been pleased to confer a Dukedom on Prince William of Wales. 'His titles will be Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus. 'Prince William thus becomes His Royal Highness The Duke of Cambridge and Miss Catherine Middleton on marriage will become Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge.'}}</ref>
Unlike the majority of royal brides, and in contrast to most previous consorts-in-waiting for over 350 years, Catherine's immediate family is neither [[Aristocracy (class)|aristocratic]] nor [[Royal family|royal]].<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/8137234/Royal-wedding-Kate-Middleton-will-be-first-middle-class-queen-in-waiting.html Royal wedding Kate Middleton will be first middle-class queen-in-waiting] The Telegraph, 16 November 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/nov/16/profile-kate-middleton Profile: Kate Middleton] guardian.co.uk, 16 November 2010</ref> On the morning of their wedding day on 29 April 2011, at 8:00&nbsp;am, officials at [[Buckingham Palace]] announced that in accordance with royal tradition and on recognition of the day by the Queen, Prince William was created [[Duke of Cambridge]], [[Earl of Strathearn]] and [[Baron Carrickfergus]].<ref name=Beckford>{{cite news|last=Beckford|first=Martin |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/royal-wedding/8482962/Royal-wedding-Prince-William-and-Kate-Middleton-become-Duke-and-Duchess-of-Cambridge.html|title=Royal wedding: Prince William and Kate Middleton become Duke and Duchess of Cambridge|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=29 April 2011|accessdate=1 August 2013|quote=Buckingham Palace said in a statement published at 8am on Friday: 'The Queen has today been pleased to confer a Dukedom on Prince William of Wales. 'His titles will be Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus. 'Prince William thus becomes His Royal Highness The Duke of Cambridge and Miss Catherine Middleton on marriage will become Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge.'}}</ref>

Revision as of 10:43, 5 August 2013

"Duchess of Cambridge" redirects here. For other uses, see Duchess of Cambridge (disambiguation).

Catherine
Duchess of Cambridge (more)
The Duchess of Cambridge at Trooping the Colour in 2012
Born (1982-01-09) 9 January 1982 (age 42)
Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, Berkshire, England
SpousePrince William, Duke of Cambridge
(m. 2011)
IssuePrince George of Cambridge
Names
Catherine Elizabeth[fn 1]
HouseHouse of Windsor (by marriage)
FatherMichael Middleton
MotherCarole Goldsmith
ReligionChurch of England[1]

Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge (Catherine Elizabeth "Kate"; née Middleton; born 9 January 1982),[2] is the wife of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge. William is second in line of succession to the thrones of the 16 Commonwealth realms (his father, Charles, Prince of Wales, precedes him). Upon William's succession, Catherine would become queen consort.[3]

Catherine grew up in Chapel Row, a village near Newbury, Berkshire, England.[4] She studied art history in Scotland at the University of St Andrews, where she met William in 2001. Their engagement was announced on 16 November 2010, and she attended many high-profile royal events before they married on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey.

Catherine has had a major impact upon British fashion which has been termed the "Kate Middleton effect", and in 2012, was selected as one of The 100 Most Influential People in the World by Time.[5][6] On 3 December 2012, St James's Palace announced that the Duchess was expecting her first child.[7] She was admitted to hospital in early labour on the morning of 22 July 2013, and gave birth to Prince George of Cambridge on the same day.[8][9]

Early life

Royal family of
the United Kingdom and the
other Commonwealth realms
Badge of the House of Windsor
See also: Family of Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge and Lupton family

Catherine Elizabeth Middleton was born at Royal Berkshire Hospital in Reading on 9 January 1982, and christened at St Andrew's Bradfield, Berkshire, on 20 June 1982.[10][11]: 32  She is the eldest of three children born to Carole (née Goldsmith), a former flight attendant, and Michael Middleton, who also worked as a flight attendant prior to becoming a flight dispatcher for British Airways. Her parents were married on 21 June 1980, at the parish church of Dorney, Buckinghamshire.[12] In 1987, they founded Party Pieces, a mail order company that sells party supplies and decorations. Party Pieces is a private company with an estimated worth of £30 million.[13][14][15] The Middletons have another daughter, Philippa "Pippa",[16][17] and a son, James.[17][18] The family complained about press harassment of Pippa and Carole following Middleton's engagement.[19]

The Duchess's paternal ancestors were from Leeds, West Yorkshire. Her paternal great-grandmother, Olive, was a member of the Lupton family, who, for a number of generations, were woollen cloth merchants and manufacturers, active in civic affairs.[17][20] Her maternal ancestors, the Harrisons, were working-class labourers and miners from Sunderland and County Durham.[21]

Michael and Carole Middleton worked for British Airways, in Amman, Jordan, from May 1984 to September 1986. In Jordan, Middleton went to an English language nursery school[22] before returning to their home in Berkshire.[23] Following her return from Amman, Middleton was enrolled at St Andrew's School near the village of Pangbourne in Berkshire, then briefly at Downe House.[24] She attended Marlborough College, a co-educational independent boarding school in Wiltshire,[25] and graduated in 2005, from the University of St Andrews in Fife, Scotland, with an undergraduate MA (2:1 Hons) in the History of Art.[26]

She supports Football League Championship football team Reading F.C..[27]

Career

In November 2006, Middleton accepted a position as an accessory buyer with the clothing chain Jigsaw.[28]

Public image and style

See also: Engagement announcement dress of Catherine Middleton

Catherine became prominent for her fashion style and has been placed on numerous "best dressed" lists.[29][30] She was selected by The Daily Telegraph as the "Most Promising Newcomer" in its 2006 list of style winners and losers.[31] Tatler placed her at number 8 on its yearly listing of the top ten style icons in 2007.[32] She was featured in People magazine's 2007 and 2010 best-dressed lists.[33] Middleton was named as one of Richard Blackwell's ten "Fabulous Fashion Independents" of 2007.[34] In June 2008, Style.com selected Middleton as their monthly beauty icon.[35] In July 2008, Middleton was included in Vanity Fair's international best-dressed list.[36] In February 2011, she was named the Top Fashion Buzzword of the 2011 season by the Global Language Monitor.[37] In January 2012, she was voted 'Headwear Person of the Year.'[38] Middleton was number one on Vanity Fair's annual Best Dressed lists in 2010, 2011, and in 2012 also its cover star.[39][40] She was awarded the accolade of 'Best Celebrity Smile' in May 2012, after placing first in a poll by Bupa.[41]

Relationship with Prince William

Early relationship

In 2001, Middleton met Prince William while they were students at the University of St. Andrews. The couple began dating as early as 2002, although their relationship remained unconfirmed.[42][43][44] On 17 October 2005, Middleton complained through her lawyer about harassment from the media, stating that she had done nothing significant to warrant publicity.[45] In February 2006, it was announced that Middleton would receive her own 24-hour security detail supplied by the Royalty Protection branch (SO14). Many speculated that she and Prince William would soon be engaged, since she would not otherwise be entitled to this service.

Middleton with Prince Harry of Wales, June 2008

No engagement was forthcoming and Middleton was not granted an allowance to fund this security. Media attention increased around the time of her 25th birthday in January 2007, prompting warnings from both The Prince of Wales and Prince William and from Middleton's lawyers, who threatened legal action. Two newspaper groups, News International, which publishes The Times and The Sun; and the Guardian Media Group, publishers of The Guardian, decided to refrain from publishing paparazzi photographs of her.[46] Middleton attended at least one event as an official royal guest: Prince William's Passing Out Parade at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst on 15 December 2006.[47]

On 17 May 2008, Middleton attended the wedding of Prince William's cousin Peter Phillips to Autumn Kelly, which the prince did not attend.[48] On 19 July 2008, she was a guest at the wedding of Lady Rose Windsor and George Gilman. Prince William was away on military operations in the Caribbean, serving aboard HMS Iron Duke.[49] In 2010, Middleton pursued an invasion of privacy claim against two agencies and photographer Niraj Tanna, who took pictures of her over Christmas 2009.[50] She obtained a public apology, £5,000 in damages, and legal costs.[51]

Breakup and reconciliation

On 14 April 2007, The Sun newspaper broke a "world exclusive" suggesting that Prince William and Middleton had split up.[52] Other media outlets, such as the BBC, confirmed the story as the day progressed. The couple decided to break up during a holiday in the Swiss resort of Zermatt.[53][54] Clarence House made only one comment about the relationship's end, according to The Times, stating, "We don't comment on Prince William's private life".[55] Newspapers speculated about the reasons for the split, although these reports relied on anonymous sources.

The original report in The Sun quoted a "close friend of the couple" as saying that Middleton felt Prince William had not been giving her enough attention. The paper highlighted reports that Prince William had been spending time with other young women and that Prince William, aged 24 at the time of the split, felt he was too young to marry.[56] A report in the Daily Mail blamed a desire by royal courtiers not to "hurry along" a marriage announcement, and Prince William's desire to enjoy his bachelor status within his Army career. The Mail also suggested that a friend of Prince William's encouraged the Prince to take a "careless approach" to relationships. The same article suggested that Middleton had "expected too much" in wanting Prince William to demonstrate his commitment to her.[57]

In June 2007, Middleton and Prince William insisted they were "just good friends" following reports of a reconciliation.[58] Middleton and her family attended the Concert for Diana at Wembley Stadium, where she and Prince William sat two rows apart.[59] The couple were subsequently seen together in public on a number of occasions and several news sources, including the BBC and the Daily Mail, stated that they had "rekindled their relationship".[60] She also joined Prince William and the Prince of Wales on a deerstalking expedition at Balmoral[61] and attended the wedding of Prince William's cousin, Peter Phillips, even though Prince William, due to a prior commitment, did not. In April 2008, Middleton accompanied Prince William when he was awarded his RAF wings at the Royal Air Force College Cranwell.[62] On 16 June 2008, she attended Prince William's investiture into the Order of the Garter, along with the Royal Family.

Engagement and marriage

Further information: Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton and Wedding dress of Kate Middleton
The newly married Duke and Duchess of Cambridge on the balcony of Buckingham Palace

Prince William and Catherine Middleton became engaged in October 2010, in Kenya, during a 10-day trip to the Lewa Wildlife Conservancy to celebrate Prince William's passing his RAF helicopter search and rescue course.[63][64] Clarence House announced the engagement on 16 November 2010.[63][65] Prince William gave Middleton the engagement ring that had belonged to his mother, Diana, Princess of Wales. He said about his decision to give his fiancée his mother's ring, "It's very special to me. As Kate's very special to me now, it was right to put the two (Catherine and Diana) together. It was my way of making sure my mother didn't miss out on today and the excitement, and the fact that we're going to spend the rest of our lives together."[66] The couple married in Westminster Abbey on 29 April 2011,[67] (St. Catherine's Day) with the day declared a bank holiday in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Estimates of the global audience for the wedding ranged around 300 million or more, whilst 26 million watched the event live in Britain alone.[68][69]

In October, several months after the wedding, Commonwealth leaders pledged that they would implement changes in British royal succession law to adopt absolute primogeniture, meaning that the first child of the Duke and Duchess would be eligible to take the throne regardless of whether it is male or female.[70]

Pregnancy and motherhood

Further information: Prince George of Cambridge
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge with their son the day after his birth

On 3 December 2012, St James's Palace announced that the Duchess was pregnant with her first child. The announcement was made earlier in the pregnancy than is traditional as she had been admitted to King Edward VII's Hospital Sister Agnes suffering from hyperemesis gravidarum and stayed there for three days.[71][72] On 14 January 2013, St James's Palace announced that the child was due to be born in July 2013, and that the condition of the Duchess was improving.[7]

In January 2013, the Queen issued new letters patent enabling all children of the eldest son, as opposed to only the eldest son, of the Prince of Wales to enjoy the princely title and style of Royal Highness.[73]

The Duchess was admitted to St Mary's Hospital in London in the early stages of labour on the morning of 22 July 2013, and gave birth to a boy, weighing 8 pounds 6 ounces (3.80 kg), at 16:24 BST that day.[74][8][9] On 24 July 2013, Kensington Palace revealed that the baby would be named George Alexander Louis.[75]

Royal duties

Public appearances

The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge at the Canada Day celebrations in Ottawa, 1 July 2011

Middleton was formally introduced to public life on 24 February 2011, two months before the wedding, when she and Prince William attended a lifeboat-naming ceremony in Trearddur, Anglesey, in North Wales.[76] A day later they appeared in St Andrews to launch the university's 600th anniversary celebrations. On 16 February 2011, Clarence House announced that the Duke and Duchess's first royal tour of Canada would take place in July 2011.[77]

In May 2011, shortly after the wedding, Clarence House announced that the Duke and Duchess would extend their tour to visit California. This was to be the Duchess of Cambridge's first visit to the United States.[78]

The Duke and Duchess meet with U.S. President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama at Buckingham Palace a few weeks after the wedding.

The Duchess's first official engagement after the wedding came in May, when she and her husband met with Barack Obama, the President of the United States, and First Lady Michelle Obama.[79] In June 2011, the Duke and Duchess presented medals to members of the Irish Guards.[80]

On 26 October 2011, she undertook her first solo event for In Kind Direct, stepping in for the Prince of Wales, who was in Saudi Arabia.[81] On 2 November, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge visited the UNICEF Supply Division Centre for supplying food to malnourished African children in Copenhagen, Denmark.[82][83]

On St Patrick's Day, 17 March 2012, the Duchess carried out the traditional awarding of shamrocks to the Irish Guards at their base in Aldershot; this was her first solo military engagement. On 19 March, she gave her first speaking engagement for the opening of the Treehouse, a new children's hospice opened by East Anglia's Children's Hospices (EACH), a charity of which she is a patron.[84]

File:Duke and Duchess of Cambridge at Olympic Gala.jpg
Prince William and the Duchess of Cambridge supporting British Olympic Team at a dinner in countdown to the 2012 Olympics in London, 11 May 2012

The Duchess has involved herself with the charities supported by her husband and his brother, Prince Harry. On 29 September 2011, the Duchess officially became a patron of The Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry. In November 2011, April 2012, and November 2012, she and the Duke attended the biannual Princes' Charities Forum, which unites the various charitable interests of the two princes.[85][86] In June 2012, The Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry was renamed The Royal Foundation of The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry, to reflect Catherine's contribution to the charity.[87]

The Duke and Duchess were announced as Ambassadors for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, alongside Prince Harry.[88] The Duchess attended both the Opening and Closing Ceremonies of the Olympics.[89][90] On 29 August 2012, the Duchess attended the Paralympic Opening Ceremony accompanied by her husband, the Duke of Cambridge.[91] As part of her role, the Duchess attended numerous sporting events throughout the games.

In September 2012, the Duke and Duchess embarked on a tour of Singapore, Malaysia, Tuvalu, and the Solomon Islands as part of the Royal Jubilee celebrations.[92] During this overseas visit, the Duchess made her first official speech abroad, while visiting a hospice in Malaysia, drawing on her experience as patron of East Anglia's Children's Hospices. The royal couple also made time to meet up with an old acquaintance, Sasidharan Muniandy, who was a member of the Victoria League Commonwealth Society which comes under the patronage of Her Majesty The Queen.[93]

Patronages

In March 2011, William and Catherine set up a gift fund held by The Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry to allow well-wishers who want to give them a wedding gift to donate money to charities they care about instead.[94] The gift fund supported 26 charities of the couple's choice, incorporating the armed forces, children, the elderly, art, sport and conservation. These causes are close to their hearts and reflect the experiences, passions and values of their lives so far.[95][96]

In January 2012, the Duchess announced the first charities which she would support.[97][98] These are:

She will also be a local volunteer leader with the Scout Association in north Wales.[102]

In October 2012, the Duchess gave her royal backing to the M-PACT programme (Moving Parents and Children Together), one of the only UK programmes to focus specifically on the impact of drug addiction on families as a whole.[103]

Her first official portrait was unveiled at the National Portrait Gallery in January 2013, meeting mixed reviews from both critics and audiences.[104]

In April 2013, the Duchess added three new patronages:[105]

The Natural History Museum is a patronage formerly held by Diana, Princess of Wales.[105]

Violations of privacy

In 1997, William's mother, Diana, Princess of Wales, died in a road accident in Paris while being chased by paparazzi.[106] This incident has influenced the Duke's attitude towards intrusive media attention.[107] Both the Duchess and her husband have been clear that, when off-duty, their privacy should be respected,[107] yet the media, at times, has violated the couple's wishes.

In 2009, before her engagement to William, Middleton was awarded £10,000 damages and an apology from the photographic press agency Rex Features Ltd after she was photographed playing tennis on Christmas Eve when on holiday in Cornwall.[108]

On 13 September 2012, it was reported[109][110] that the French edition of "la presse people" magazine Closer and that the Italian gossip magazine Chi, had both published photographs of the Duchess sun-bathing topless while on holiday at the Château d'Autet[107] (a private château on a 260-ha estate some 71 km[111] north of Aix-en-Provence). Analysts from The Times believe that the photograph was taken from the D22 (Vaucluse) road half a kilometre from the pool – a distance that would require an 800-mm or a 1000-mm lens.[112] On 17 September 2012, the couple laid a criminal complaint to the French Prosecution Department and launched a claim for civil damages at the Tribunal de Grande Instance de Nanterre;[113] the following day the courts granted an injunction against Closer prohibiting further publication of the pictures and also announced that a criminal investigation would be initiated.[114] Under French law, punitive damages cannot be awarded[115] but such intrusions of privacy are a criminal offence carrying a maximum jail sentence of one year and a fine of up to €45,000 for individuals and €225,000 for companies.[116][117]

In December 2012, two Australian radio hosts, Michael Christian and Mel Greig, called King Edward VII's Hospital Sister Agnes where the Duchess was an in-patient for hyperemesis gravidarum. Pretending to be the Queen and the Prince of Wales, Greig and Christian telephoned the hospital and spoke to a nurse, enquiring about the Duchess's condition. Following a hospital inquiry and a public backlash against the hoax, the nurse who put the call through, Jacintha Saldanha, committed suicide.[118] The radio hosts subsequently apologised for their actions.[119]

In its second breach of privacy, in February 2013, Chi published the first photos of Catherine's exposed baby bump, taken during her vacation on the private island of Mustique. The British press have refused to publish the paparazzi shots out of respect for the couple.[120]

Popular culture

Following international attention regarding the wedding, Lifetime aired a TV film entitled William & Kate on 18 April 2011, in the US.[121] The film premiered in the UK on 24 April 2011.[122] Middleton[123] was played by Camilla Luddington[124] and Prince William by Nico Evers-Swindell.[125] TV programmes were also shown in the UK prior to the wedding which provided deeper insights into the couple's relationship and backgrounds, including When Kate Met William[126] and Channel 4's Meet the Middletons.[127]

A second TV film was produced that covers similar ground to William & Kate. That film, titled William & Catherine: A Royal Romance and filmed in Bucharest,[128] stars Alice St. Clair as Kate Middleton and Dan Amboyer as Prince William.[129] Of note in this second television film is the appearance of Jane Alexander as the Queen and Victor Garber as the Prince of Wales. The film aired on 27 August 2011, in the United States on the Hallmark Channel.[130][131]

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

Royal Monogram
  • 9 January 1982 – 29 April 2011: Miss Catherine Elizabeth Middleton[132][133]
  • 29 April 2011 – present: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge[132][134][133][135]
    • in Scotland: 29 April 2011 – present: Her Royal Highness The Countess of Strathearn[136][137]

Catherine's full title and style is Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge, Countess of Strathearn and Lady Carrickfergus.[132][135][fn 2]

Unlike the majority of royal brides, and in contrast to most previous consorts-in-waiting for over 350 years, Catherine's immediate family is neither aristocratic nor royal.[138][139] On the morning of their wedding day on 29 April 2011, at 8:00 am, officials at Buckingham Palace announced that in accordance with royal tradition and on recognition of the day by the Queen, Prince William was created Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus.[133]

Honours

See also: List of honours of the British Royal Family by country

Honorary military appointments

Canada Canada

Honorific eponym

Awards

Arms

Coat of arms of Catherine, Princess of Wales
Notes
The Duchess bears the arms of her husband, Prince William, The Duke of Cambridge, impaled with those of her father, Michael Middleton. The coat of arms was granted to Middleton by the College of Arms on 19 April 2011. Thomas Woodcock, Garter King of Arms, the senior officer of the College of Arms, helped the family with the design.[143] The Duchess of Cambridge's coat of arms denotes that Catherine is the daughter of Michael Middleton and the wife of the Duke of Cambridge.[144]
Adopted
19 April 2011
Coronet
Coronet of a child of the Heir Apparent
Escutcheon
Quarterly 1st and 4th Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or armed and langed Azure (England), 2nd Or a lion rampant Gules armed and langued Azure within a double tressure flory counterflory of the second (Scotland), 3rd Azure a harp Or stringed Argent (Ireland), the whole differenced with a label of three points Argent with the central point charged with an escallop Gules (Prince William); Impaled with a shield per pale Azure and Gules, a chevron Or, cotised Argent, between three acorns slipped and leaved Or (Middleton).[143]
Supporters
To the dexter the Lion as borne and used as a Supporter by "Our Dearly Beloved Grandson His Royal Highness Prince William of Wales Duke of Cambridge" and to the sinister a Hind Argent unguled and gorged with "a Coronet of Our Dearly Beloved Grandson's degree Or". The hind is white (argent) and is hooved, unguled and has about its neck (is gorged with) the Duke of Cambridge's coronet. Both the hooves and coronet are gold (Or).[145]
Symbolism
The dividing line (between two colours) down the centre is a canting of the name 'Middle-ton'. The acorns (from the oak tree) are a traditional symbol of England and a feature of west Berkshire, where the family have lived for 30 years. The three acorns also denote the family's three children. The gold chevron in the centre of the arms is an allusion to Carole Middleton's maiden name of Goldsmith. The two white chevronels (narrow chevrons above and below the gold chevron) symbolise peaks and mountains, and the family's love of the Lake District and skiing.[143]
Previous versions
Her previous coat of arms depicted the shield from her father Michael Middleton's coat of arms shaped into a lozenge hanging from a blue ribbon symbolising her unmarried state. Her sister Pippa also uses the same lozenge-shaped coat of arms. In due course her brother James will inherit his father's full coat of arms.[143]

Ancestry

See also: Family of Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge and Lupton family

In a study of Catherine's ancestry, William Addams Reitwiesner uncovered the ancestors she likely shares with her husband Prince William; the closest relationship is via Prince William's mother and Catherine's father through a common descent from Sir Thomas Fairfax and his wife Agnes (or Anne) Gascoigne,[146] daughter of Sir William Gascoigne and his wife, née Lady Margaret Percy.[17][147][148] If true, the couple would be fifteenth cousins.[17] Sir Thomas Fairfax and Agnes Gascoigne are related via Catherine's great-grandmother Olive Lupton, daughter of a Leeds cloth merchant Francis Lupton and his wife Harriet (née Davis) – Fairfax likely being an ancestor of Lupton. In turn, Lady Margaret Percy is descended from Edward III.[149] The uncertainty of the link stems from the lack of a definitive proof that William Fairfax was the Duchess of Cambridge's ancestor and in fact the William Fairfax who was the son of Thomas Fairfax, but there is strong circumstantial evidence based on the coat of arms used by William Fairfax that this is the case – Catherine's ancestor used Thomas' coat of arms differenced by a martlet, the heraldic technique of signifying that he was the fourth son.[146][150]

Family of Catherine, Princess of Wales
16. John William Middleton
8. Richard Noel Middleton
17. Mary Asquith
4. Peter Francis Middleton
18. Francis Martineau Lupton
9. Olive Christina Lupton
19. Harriet Albina Davis
2. Michael Francis Middleton
20. Frederick John Glassborow
10. Frederick George Glassborow
21. Emily Jane Elliott
5. Valerie Glassborow
22. Gavin Fullarton Robison
11. Constance Robison
23. Sara Ann Gee
1. Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge
24. John Goldsmith
12. Stephen Charles Goldsmith
25. Jane Dorsett
6. Ronald John James Goldsmith
26. Theophilus Benjamin Chandler
13. Edith Eliza Chandler
27. Amelia White
3. Carole Elizabeth Goldsmith
28. John Harrison
14. Thomas Harrison
29. Jane Hill
7. Dorothy Harrison
30. Thomas Temple
15. Elizabeth Mary Temple
31. Elizabeth Myers

Source: David White, Somerset Herald, College of Arms[151]

Footnotes

  1. ^ As a titled royal, Catherine holds no surname, but when one is used, it is Mountbatten-Windsor. Many media outlets, however, refer to her by her maiden name, Catherine (or Kate) Middleton.
  2. ^ A baron and his wife are normally addressed as Lord [Barony] and Lady [Barony] respectively, where [Barony] is substituted with the name of his barony.

References

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Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge.
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