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Coordinates: 37°25′38″N 122°09′59″W / 37.4271°N 122.1664°W / 37.4271; -122.1664
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The institution's library, known as the [[Hoover Institution Library and Archives]], houses multiple archives related to [[Hoover Administration|Hoover's Administration]], [[World War I]], [[World War II]], and other global events. While it is formally a unit of [[Stanford University]], it maintains an independent board of overseers and relies on its own income and donations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stanford Legal Facts |url=http://www.stanford.edu/dept/legal/legalfacts_su.html |access-date=May 26, 2012 |work=Office of the General Counsel |publisher=Stanford University}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Board of Overseers |url=http://www.stanford.edu/dept/legal/legalfacts_su.html |access-date=May 26, 2012 |work=Hoover Institution |publisher=Stanford University}}</ref> The institution's mission is, as stated by Hoover, "to recall the voice of experience against the making of war, and by the study of these records and their publication, to recall man's endeavors to make and preserve peace, and to sustain for America the safeguards of the American way of life."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mission/History |url=https://www.hoover.org/about/missionhistory |access-date=2022-06-20 |website=Hoover Institution |language=en}}</ref>
The institution's library, known as the [[Hoover Institution Library and Archives]], houses multiple archives related to [[Hoover Administration|Hoover's Administration]], [[World War I]], [[World War II]], and other global events. While it is formally a unit of [[Stanford University]], it maintains an independent board of overseers and relies on its own income and donations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stanford Legal Facts |url=http://www.stanford.edu/dept/legal/legalfacts_su.html |access-date=May 26, 2012 |work=Office of the General Counsel |publisher=Stanford University}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Board of Overseers |url=http://www.stanford.edu/dept/legal/legalfacts_su.html |access-date=May 26, 2012 |work=Hoover Institution |publisher=Stanford University}}</ref> The institution's mission is, as stated by Hoover, "to recall the voice of experience against the making of war, and by the study of these records and their publication, to recall man's endeavors to make and preserve peace, and to sustain for America the safeguards of the American way of life."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mission/History |url=https://www.hoover.org/about/missionhistory |access-date=2022-06-20 |website=Hoover Institution |language=en}}</ref>


Located on the campus of [[Stanford University]], it began as a library founded in 1919 by Stanford alumnus [[Herbert Hoover]] prior to him becoming [[President of the United States]] in order to house his accumulation of historical material gathered during the Great War. The [[Hoover Tower]], an icon of Stanford University, was built expressly for the purpose of serving as a library to house his archives, then known as the Hoover War Collection. By the 1970s, the it was renamed and had been transformed into a research institution that was later expanded to be a think tank.
Located on the campus of [[Stanford University]], it began as a library founded in 1919 by Stanford alumnus [[Herbert Hoover]] prior to him becoming [[President of the United States]] in order to house his accumulation of historical material gathered during the Great War. The [[Hoover Tower]], an icon of Stanford University, was built expressly for the purpose of serving as a library to house his archives, then known as the Hoover War Collection. By the 1970s, it was renamed and had been transformed into a research institution that was later expanded to be a think tank.


The Hoover Institution has been a place of scholarship for individuals who previously held significant positions in government, and has primarily consisted of [[Conservative (U.S.)|conservative]] and [[Libertarianism in the United States|libertarian]] intellectuals. Notable Hoover fellows and alumni include [[Nobel Prize]] laureate [[Henry Kissinger]], economists [[Milton Friedman]] and [[Thomas Sowell]], former speaker of the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] [[Newt Gingrich]], and historian [[Niall Ferguson]]. In 2020, former [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] [[Condoleezza Rice]] became the institution's director. The institution divides its [[Fellow|fellows]] into separate research teams to work on various subjects, including [[Economic policy|Economic Policy]], [[History]], [[Education]], and [[Law]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research |url=https://www.hoover.org/research |access-date=2022-06-20 |website=Hoover Institution |language=en}}</ref> It publishes its research through its own [[university press]].
The Hoover Institution has been a place of scholarship for individuals who previously held significant positions in government, and has primarily consisted of [[Conservative (U.S.)|conservative]] and [[Libertarianism in the United States|libertarian]] intellectuals. Notable Hoover fellows and alumni include [[Nobel Prize]] laureate [[Henry Kissinger]], economists [[Milton Friedman]] and [[Thomas Sowell]], former speaker of the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] [[Newt Gingrich]], and historian [[Niall Ferguson]]. In 2020, former [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] [[Condoleezza Rice]] became the institution's director. The institution divides its [[Fellow|fellows]] into separate research teams to work on various subjects, including [[Economic policy|Economic Policy]], [[History]], [[Education]], and [[Law]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research |url=https://www.hoover.org/research |access-date=2022-06-20 |website=Hoover Institution |language=en}}</ref> It publishes its research through its own [[university press]].

Revision as of 13:05, 20 June 2022

This article is about the American public policy think tank. For its research library, see Hoover Institution Library and Archives.
The Hoover Institution
AbbreviationHoover
Formation1919; 105 years ago (1919)
FounderHerbert Hoover
TypePublic policy Think tank
Legal status501(c)(3) Public charity
Professional title
The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace
Location
Coordinates37°26′N 122°10′W / 37.43°N 122.17°W / 37.43; -122.17
Director
Condoleezza Rice
Parent organization
Stanford University
SubsidiariesHoover Institution Press
Hoover Institution Library and Archives
Uncommon Knowledge
Policy Review
Revenue (2018)
$70.5 million[1]
Expenses (2018)$70.5 million[1]
Endowment$734 million
Award(s)National Humanities Medal
Websitewww.hoover.org Edit this at Wikidata
Formerly called
Hoover War Collection

The Hoover Institution, officially The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace (abbreviated as simply Hoover), is a nonpartisan[a][2][3] American public policy think tank and research institution that promotes personal and economic liberty, free enterprise, and limited government.[4][5][6] It is a recipient of the National Humanities Medal for contributions to historical research and economic history.[7]

The institution's library, known as the Hoover Institution Library and Archives, houses multiple archives related to Hoover's Administration, World War I, World War II, and other global events. While it is formally a unit of Stanford University, it maintains an independent board of overseers and relies on its own income and donations.[8][9] The institution's mission is, as stated by Hoover, "to recall the voice of experience against the making of war, and by the study of these records and their publication, to recall man's endeavors to make and preserve peace, and to sustain for America the safeguards of the American way of life."[10]

Located on the campus of Stanford University, it began as a library founded in 1919 by Stanford alumnus Herbert Hoover prior to him becoming President of the United States in order to house his accumulation of historical material gathered during the Great War. The Hoover Tower, an icon of Stanford University, was built expressly for the purpose of serving as a library to house his archives, then known as the Hoover War Collection. By the 1970s, it was renamed and had been transformed into a research institution that was later expanded to be a think tank.

The Hoover Institution has been a place of scholarship for individuals who previously held significant positions in government, and has primarily consisted of conservative and libertarian intellectuals. Notable Hoover fellows and alumni include Nobel Prize laureate Henry Kissinger, economists Milton Friedman and Thomas Sowell, former speaker of the House of Representatives Newt Gingrich, and historian Niall Ferguson. In 2020, former U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice became the institution's director. The institution divides its fellows into separate research teams to work on various subjects, including Economic Policy, History, Education, and Law.[11] It publishes its research through its own university press.

In 2020, Hoover was ranked as the 10th most influential think tank in the world by Academic Influence and was named as one of the "Top Think Tanks in the United States" by the Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program in 2019.[12][13]

History

30th U.S. President Herbert Hoover and founder of the Hoover Institution.
The Hoover Tower houses the institution's library and archives.

Early history

In June 1919, Herbert Hoover, then a wealthy engineer who was one of Stanford's first graduates, sent a telegram offering Stanford president Ray Lyman Wilbur $50,000 in order to support the collection of primary materials related to World War I, a project that became known as the Hoover War Collection. Supported primarily by gifts from private donors, the Hoover War Collection flourished in its early years. In 1922, the collection became known as the Hoover War Library (now the Hoover Institution Library and Archives) and had collected a variety of rare and unpublished material, including the files of the Okhrana, as well as a plurality of government documents.[14][15] The Hoover War Library was housed in the Stanford Library, separate from the general stacks. By 1926, the Hoover War Library was the largest library in the world devoted to the Great War. It contained 1.4 million items and was becoming too large to house in the Stanford Library so the university allocated $600,000 for the construction of the Hoover Tower, which was to be its permanent home independent of the Stanford Library system. The 285-foot tall tower was completed in 1941 on date of the university's golden jubilee.[16][17] The tower has since been an icon of the Stanford campus.[18]

Expansion and later history

In 1956, former President Hoover, under the auspices of the Institution and Library, launched a major fundraising campaign that transitioned the organization to its current form as a think tank and archive. In 1957, the Hoover Institution and Library was renamed the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace—the name it holds today.[19] In 1960, W. Glenn Campbell was appointed director and substantial budget increases soon led to corresponding increases in acquisitions and related research projects. In particular, the Chinese and Russian collections grew considerably. Despite student unrest in the 1960s, the institution continued to develop closer relations with Stanford.[20]

Former Secretary of States Condoleezza Rice and Rex Tillerson during a public session in the institution's forum.

Reagan Governorship (1967–1975) and Presidential Administration (1981–1989)

In 1975, Ronald Reagan, who was Governor of California at that time, was designated as Hoover’s first honorary fellow. He donated his gubernatorial papers to the Hoover library.[21] During that time the Hoover Institution held a general budget of $3.5 million a year. In 1976, one third of Stanford University's book holdings were housed at the Hoover library. At that time, it was the largest private archive collection in the United States.[18] For his presidential campaign in 1980, Reagan engaged at least thirteen Hoover scholars to support the campaign in multiple capacities.[22] After Reagan won the election campaign, more than thirty current or former Hoover Institution fellows worked for the Reagan administration in 1981.[18]

Trump Administration (2017–2020)

The Trump administration maintained close ties with the institution. Multiple Hoover affiliates were assigned top positions in government, including Scott Atlas. In 2020, Condoleezza Rice succeeded Thomas W. Gilligan as director.

Present

The institute currently has 65 Senior Fellows, 45 Research Fellows, 26 Senior Guest Fellows, 6 National Fellows and 8 National Security Fellows. They are an interdisciplinary group of humanists, political scientists studying education, economics, foreign policy, energy, history, law, national security, health and politics.[17]

Campus

The Institution has libraries which include materials from both the First World War and Second World War, including the collection of documents of President Hoover, which he began to collect at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919.[23] Thousands of Persian books, official documents, letters, multimedia pieces and other materials on Iran's history, politics and culture can also be found at the Stanford University library and the Hoover Institution library.[24]

File:Hoover institution panorama.jpg
View of the Hoover Institution's center headquarters, including the Hoover Tower, and of the Stanford University campus.

Members

In May 2018, the Hoover Institution's website listed 198 fellows.

Below is a list of directors and some of the more prominent fellows, former and current.

Directors

Honorary Fellows

Distinguished Fellows

Senior Fellows

Research Fellows

Distinguished Visiting Fellows

Visiting Fellows

Media Fellows

National Fellows

Senior Research Fellows

  • James Stockdale, Navy Vice Admiral, Medal of Honor recipient, 1992 US vice presidential candidate (deceased) [41]

Publications

The Hoover Institution's in-house publisher, Hoover Institution Press, produces multiple publications on public policy topics, including the quarterly periodicals Hoover Digest, Education Next, China Leadership Monitor, and Defining Ideas. The Hoover Institution Press previously published the bimonthly periodical Policy Review, which it acquired from The Heritage Foundation in 2001.[44] Policy Review ceased publication with its February–March 2013 issue.

In addition to these periodicals, the Hoover Institution Press publishes books and essays by Hoover Institution fellows and other Hoover-affiliated scholars.

Funding

The Hoover Institution receives nearly half of its funding from private gifts, primarily from individual contributions, and the other half from its endowment.[45]

Funders of the organization include the Taube Family Foundation, the Koret Foundation, the Howard Charitable Foundation, the Sarah Scaife Foundation, the Walton Foundation, the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, and the William E. Simon Foundation.[46]

Details

Funding sources and expenditures, FY 2018:[47]

Footnotes

  1. ^ The Institution's official position is that it is a nonpartisan organization and maintains no affiliation with any formal political party. In addition, Hoover fellows contribute equally to both Democrats and Republicans financially. However, it is widely seen and relatively accepted that it is composed largely of libertarian and conservative thinkers.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Financial Review 2018" (PDF). Hoover Institution. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  2. ^ University, Stanford (2021-01-29). "Stanford's relationship to the Hoover Institution highlights Faculty Senate discussion". Stanford Report. Retrieved 2022-06-19.
  3. ^ "Do conservatives belong at Stanford?". The Stanford Daily. 2019-02-11. Retrieved 2022-06-19.
  4. ^ Hanson, Victor Davis (July 30, 2019). "100 Years of the Hoover Institution". National Review. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  5. ^ "Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace". Encyclopaedica Britannica. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
  6. ^ McBride, Stewart (May 28, 1975). "Hoover Institution: Leaning to the right". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
  7. ^ "The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University". The National Endowment for the Humanities. Retrieved 2022-06-20.
  8. ^ "Stanford Legal Facts". Office of the General Counsel. Stanford University. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
  9. ^ "Board of Overseers". Hoover Institution. Stanford University. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
  10. ^ "Mission/History". Hoover Institution. Retrieved 2022-06-20.
  11. ^ "Research". Hoover Institution. Retrieved 2022-06-20.
  12. ^ McGann, James (June 18, 2020). "2019 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report". University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
  13. ^ "Top Influential Think Tanks". Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  14. ^ Duignan, Peter (2001). "The Library of the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace. Part 1: Origin and Growth". Library History. 17: 3–20. doi:10.1179/lib.2001.17.1.3. S2CID 144635878.
  15. ^ "Hoover Timeline". Hoover Institution. Retrieved 2022-06-19.
  16. ^ "Hoover Institution Library and Archives: Historical Background". Hoover Institution.
  17. ^ a b "Make A Gift". myScience. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  18. ^ a b c Bonafont, Roxy (11 May 2019). "100 Years of Hoover: A History of Stanford's Decades-Long Debate over the Hoover Institution". Stanford Political Journal. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  19. ^ "Hoover Institution – Hoover Institution Timeline". hoover.org.
  20. ^ Duignan, Peter (2001). "The Library of the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace. Part 2: The Campbell Years". Library History. 17 (2): 107–118. doi:10.1179/lib.2001.17.2.107. S2CID 144451652.
  21. ^ a b c d McBride, Stewart (27 March 1980). "Hoover Institution; Leaning to the right". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  22. ^ Fitzgerald, Patrick (1 February 2008). "At Stanford, Hoover Debate Still Rages". CBS News. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  23. ^ Niekerken, Bill van (4 April 2017). "Stanford's secrets: Decades of surprises stashed in Hoover Tower". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  24. ^ "Spotlight On Iran". Radio Farda. 11 May 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  25. ^ "Yacht club to host celebration of Virginia Rothwell". Stanford Report. September 1, 2004. Retrieved March 25, 2008.
  26. ^ Trei, Lisa (November 28, 2001). "Glenn Campbell, former Hoover director, dead at 77". Stanford Report. Retrieved March 25, 2008.
  27. ^ "Margaret Thatcher". Hoover Institution. 2010. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
  28. ^ "Distinguished Fellow". Hoover Institution Stanford University. 2010. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
  29. ^ "Senior Fellows". Hoover Institution Stanford University. 2011. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
  30. ^ "David Brady". Hoover Institution.
  31. ^ "Research Fellows". Hoover Institution.
  32. ^ "Former U.S. Central Command Chief General John Abizaid Appointed Hoover Distinguished Visiting Fellow". Hoover Institution.
  33. ^ "Distinguished Visiting Fellows". Hoover Institution Stanford University. 2014. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
  34. ^ "William and Barbara Edwards Media Fellows". Hoover Institution Stanford University. 2010. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
  35. ^ a b "William and Barbara Edwards Media Fellows by year". hoover.org.
  36. ^ "William and Barbara Edwards Media Fellows by year". Hoover Institutio.
  37. ^ "VITA Mark Bils" (PDF). University of Rochester. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
  38. ^ "Stephen Kotkin". Hoover Institution. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  39. ^ "John H. Bunzel". Hoover Institution. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  40. ^ "Robert Hessen". Hoover Institution. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  41. ^ "James Bond Stockdale". Hoover Institution. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  42. ^ "Charles Wolf Jr". Hoover Institution. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  43. ^ "Edward Teller". Hoover Institution. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
  44. ^ "Policy Review Web Archive". Hoover Institution.
  45. ^ "Hoover Institution 2010 Report". Hoover Institution. p. 39. Retrieved June 25, 2011.
  46. ^ Adeniji, Ade (April 21, 2015). "How the Hoover Institution Vacuums Up Big Conservative Bucks". Inside Philanthropy.
  47. ^ "Financial Review 2018" (PDF). Hoover Institution. Retrieved 14 June 2019.

Further reading

  • Paul, Gary Norman. "The Development of the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace Library, 1919–1944". PhD dissertation U. of California, Berkeley. Dissertation Abstracts International 1974 35(3): 1682–1683a, 274 pp.

37°25′38″N 122°09′59″W / 37.4271°N 122.1664°W / 37.4271; -122.1664

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