The talk (racism in the United States): Difference between revisions
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{{about|parental warnings for black children|parental sex education known as "the talk"|The birds and the bees}} |
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{{short description|Parenting issue in the United States}} |
{{short description|Parenting issue in the United States}} |
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'''The talk''' is a colloquial expression for a conversation |
'''The talk''' is a colloquial expression for a conversation black parents in the United States feel compelled to have with their children and teenagers about the dangers they face due to [[Racism in the United States|racism]] or unjust treatment from authority figures, law enforcement or other parties, and how to de-escalate them. The practice dates back generations and is often viewed as a [[rite of passage]] for black children. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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Black youth in the United States have "always been warned" about dealing with authority figures safely and instructed by their parents or other caregivers on the dangers they face due to racism.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=George Floyd. Ahmaud Arbery. Breonna Taylor. What can black parents possibly tell their kids now about staying safe?|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/29/us/black-parents-children-safety-talk-blake/index.html|last=Blake|first=John|date=May 29, 2020|website=CNN|access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/01/health/protests-racism-talk-to-children-wellness/index.html|title=How to talk to your children about protests and racism|first=Sandee |last=LaMotte|website=CNN}}</ref> Variations of the talk have been conducted in |
Black youth in the United States have "always been warned" about dealing with authority figures safely and instructed by their parents or other caregivers on the dangers they face due to racism.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=George Floyd. Ahmaud Arbery. Breonna Taylor. What can black parents possibly tell their kids now about staying safe?|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/29/us/black-parents-children-safety-talk-blake/index.html|last=Blake|first=John|date=May 29, 2020|website=CNN|access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/01/health/protests-racism-talk-to-children-wellness/index.html|title=How to talk to your children about protests and racism|first=Sandee |last=LaMotte|website=CNN}}</ref> Variations of the talk have been conducted in black families for decades<ref>{{Cite web|title=African-American parents say 'The Talk' is a life-and-death matter|url=https://www.pressherald.com/2016/07/17/african-american-parents-say-the-talk-is-a-life-and-death-matter/|last=Bouchard|first=Kelley|date=July 17, 2016|website=Press Herald|access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref> or generations;<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=black parents describe "The Talk" they give to their children about police|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/8/8/12401792/police-black-parents-the-talk|last=Lopez|first=German|date=August 8, 2016|website=Vox|language=en|access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref> the practice "dates back to slavery and has lasted centuries".<ref name=":2" /> |
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The talk has evolved. In the 1940s the talk might have covered avoiding certain neighborhoods.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|date=2021-03-10|title=For |
The talk has evolved. In the 1940s the talk might have covered avoiding certain neighborhoods.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|date=2021-03-10|title=For black parents, 'the talk' binds generations, reflects changes in America|url=https://news.usc.edu/183102/the-talk-usc-black-parents-children-racism-america/|access-date=2022-02-15|website=USC News|language=en-US}}</ref> In the 1980s it might have covered "how to dress, walk and act and to be mindful of how others could perceive them".<ref name=":7" /> In the 2010s it typically focussed on interactions with the police.<ref name=":7" /> |
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''[[Utne Reader]]'' called the talk "a rite of passage" for |
''[[Utne Reader]]'' called the talk "a rite of passage" for black children.<ref name=":5" /> Judy Belk, writing in the ''Los Angeles Times'', called the talk "an unfair but necessary burden we carry in the black community, one we reluctantly pass down" and "a painful ritual."<ref name=":4" /> |
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In 2020, during and after the [[George Floyd protests]], some black commentators called for white parents to have a similar talk with their children on how to behave when they witness racist behavior and how to be [[Anti-racism|anti-racist]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=McDonald|first=Autumn|date=2020-06-15|title=black Parents Know "the Talk" Too Well. It's white Parents' Turn.|url=https://slate.com/human-interest/2020/06/white-parents-the-talk-racism-police-brutality.html|access-date=2020-08-04|website=Slate Magazine|language=en}}</ref> Later that year, during the final [[2020 United States presidential debates|2020 United States presidential debate]], moderator [[Kristen Welker]] asked both candidates to express their opinions on the talk.<ref>{{cite web|author=Marty Johnson|date=October 22, 2020|title=Welker raises question about 'the talk' during final debate|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/522393-welker-raises-question-about-the-talk-during-final-debate|access-date=October 24, 2020|website=The Hill}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Maggie Astor|date=October 22, 2020|title=Addressing systemic racism, Kristen Walker asks the candidates about 'The Talk'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/22/us/politics/the-talk-race-america.html|access-date=October 24, 2020|website=The New York Times}}</ref> |
In 2020, during and after the [[George Floyd protests]], some black commentators called for white parents to have a similar talk with their children on how to behave when they witness racist behavior and how to be [[Anti-racism|anti-racist]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=McDonald|first=Autumn|date=2020-06-15|title=black Parents Know "the Talk" Too Well. It's white Parents' Turn.|url=https://slate.com/human-interest/2020/06/white-parents-the-talk-racism-police-brutality.html|access-date=2020-08-04|website=Slate Magazine|language=en}}</ref> Later that year, during the final [[2020 United States presidential debates|2020 United States presidential debate]], moderator [[Kristen Welker]] asked both candidates to express their opinions on the talk.<ref>{{cite web|author=Marty Johnson|date=October 22, 2020|title=Welker raises question about 'the talk' during final debate|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/522393-welker-raises-question-about-the-talk-during-final-debate|access-date=October 24, 2020|website=The Hill}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Maggie Astor|date=October 22, 2020|title=Addressing systemic racism, Kristen Walker asks the candidates about 'The Talk'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/22/us/politics/the-talk-race-america.html|access-date=October 24, 2020|website=The New York Times}}</ref> |
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== Content == |
== Content == |
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The conversation often focuses on how to de-escalate encounters with police<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=The Talk: Surviving Police Encounters While |
The conversation often focuses on how to de-escalate encounters with police<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=The Talk: Surviving Police Encounters While black – Community – Utne Reader|url=https://www.utne.com/community/police-racial-discrimination-zm0z17uzcwil|last1=Plourde|first1=Arienne Thompson|last2=Thompson|first2=Amelia|date=2017|website=Utne|language=en|access-date=May 30, 2020|last3=Magazine|first3=from Notre Dame}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Opinion: As a black parent, I need to update 'the talk' I have with my kids about police|url=https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2019-11-03/african-americans-police-talk-kids-botham-jean-atatiana-jefferson|last=Belk|first=Judy|date=November 3, 2019|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref> especially given the high frequency of black men being pulled over for minor, insignificant or non-existent issues, also referred to as [[driving while black|driving while black]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Haysom|first=Sam|date=2021-04-16|title=Trevor Noah breaks down 'the talk' black parents are giving their children about police|url=https://mashable.com/video/trevor-noah-black-parents-the-talk|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Mashable|language=en}}</ref> Sometimes the talk addresses encounters with white supremacists or vigilantes.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=The One Story: The Evolving Relevance Of 'The Talk'|url=https://newsone.com/3882217/the-talk-evolving-relevance/|last=Wright|first=Bruce C. T.|date=July 29, 2019|website=NewsOne|language=en|access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=After Arbery shooting, black parents are rethinking 'the talk' with sons to explain white vigilantes|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/after-arbery-shooting-black-parents-are-rethinking-talk-sons-explain-n1209601|last=Bunn|first=Curtis|date=May 19, 2020|website=NBC News|language=en|access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref> |
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The "talk" has been described as an example of ''preparation for bias'' in [[racial-ethnic socialization]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last1=Unnever|first1=James D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QHd0DwAAQBAJ&q=%22preparation+for+bias%22+the+talk&pg=PT90|title=Building a |
The "talk" has been described as an example of ''preparation for bias'' in [[racial-ethnic socialization]]<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last1=Unnever|first1=James D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QHd0DwAAQBAJ&q=%22preparation+for+bias%22+the+talk&pg=PT90|title=Building a black Criminology, Volume 24: Race, Theory, and Crime|last2=Gabbidon|first2=Shaun L.|last3=Chouhy|first3=Cecilia|date=October 26, 2018|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-75744-0|language=en}}</ref> and typically addresses specific advice in dealing with interactions with law enforcement. Brooks et al. (2016) described the type of advice for those confronted by law enforcement while driving: |
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* Pulling over your vehicle right away |
* Pulling over your vehicle right away |
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{{Quote|text=If you are stopped by the police: Always answer 'yes sir, no sir'; never talk back; don’t make any sudden movements; don’t put your hands in your pockets; obey all commands; if you think you are falsely accused, save it for the police station. I would rather pick you up at the station than the morgue…"|author=|title=|source=''The Talk: Race in America''<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=The Talk Archives|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/the-talk/tag/the-talk/|website=The Talk {{!}} Race in America|language=en-US|access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref>}} |
{{Quote|text=If you are stopped by the police: Always answer 'yes sir, no sir'; never talk back; don’t make any sudden movements; don’t put your hands in your pockets; obey all commands; if you think you are falsely accused, save it for the police station. I would rather pick you up at the station than the morgue…"|author=|title=|source=''The Talk: Race in America''<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=The Talk Archives|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/the-talk/tag/the-talk/|website=The Talk {{!}} Race in America|language=en-US|access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref>}} |
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According to ''[[Vox Media|Vox]]'', for |
According to ''[[Vox Media|Vox]]'', for black people in the United States, "a typical police stop turning into a violent encounter is a very real, terrifying possibility."<ref name=":1" /> |
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Some |
Some black parents focus on not only safety but also dignity and pride.<ref name=":7" /> |
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== Approaches == |
== Approaches == |
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== Depiction == |
== Depiction == |
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[[The New York Times |
''[[The New York Times]]'' made a short documentary in 2015 featuring the experiences of black Americans in having this conversation with their children and their memories of their own parents' conversations with them.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Opinion {{!}} A Conversation With My black Son|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/video/opinion/100000003575589/a-conversation-with-my-black-son.html|access-date=May 30, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A 2016 episode of ''[[black-ish]]'' featured three generations of a black family watching television as a verdict in a police brutality case was announced; ABC rebroadcast it June 2, 2020, in response to the [[murder of George Floyd]] and subsequent protests.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ryan|first=Patrick|date=2 June 2020|title=During George Floyd protests, ABC reruns 2016 'black-ish' episode exploring race, police brutality|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2020/06/02/george-floyd-black-ish-re-airs-2016-police-brutality-episode/3129576001/|access-date=2020-08-05|website=USA TODAY|language=en-US}}</ref> PBS created a two-hour documentary, ''The Talk: Race in America'', in 2017.<ref name=":3" /> Procter & Gamble produced a commercial called "[[Procter & Gamble#"The Talk"|The Talk]]" in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Moving ad captures "The Talk" every black parent has with their kids|url=https://www.salon.com/2017/07/25/moving-ad-captures-the-talk-every-black-parent-has-with-their-kids/|last=Bell|first=Gabriel|date=July 25, 2017|website=Salon|language=en|access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref> A 2018 [[Personal Jesus (Grey's Anatomy)|episode of ''Grey's Anatomy'']] included a black couple having the talk with their son.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Grey's Anatomy Takes a Hard Look At 'The Talk' black Parents Have to Give Their Sons About Police Brutality|url=https://atlantablackstar.com/2018/01/26/greys-anatomy-takes-hard-look-talk-black-parents-give-sons-police-brutality/|last=Willis|first=Kiersten|date=January 27, 2018|website=Atlanta black Star|language=en-US|access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref> The 2018 film ''[[The Hate U Give (film)|The Hate U Give]]'' includes a scene where a parent gives the talk to his children.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/the-hate-u-give-speaking-out |title="The Hate U Give" Reckons With Staying Silent or Speaking Out Against Police Brutality |last=Frederick |first=Candice |magazine=[[Teen Vogue]] |date=October 5, 2018 |access-date=September 19, 2021}}</ref> |
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A 2018 book for 4-to-8-year-olds, ''Something Happened in Our Town'', recommends having the first talk prior to preschool and another when children start venturing independently into public space.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Having 'The Talk': Expert Guidance On Preparing Kids For Police Interactions|url=https://www.npr.org/local/309/2019/08/27/754459083/having-the-talk-expert-guidance-on-preparing-kids-for-police-interactions|access-date=2020-09-14|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Celano|first1=Marianne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YacKtAEACAAJ|title=Something Happened in Our Town: A Child's Story about Racial Injustice|last2=Collins|first2=Marietta|last3=Hazzard|first3=Ann|date=2018|publisher=Magination Press|isbn=978-1-4338-2854-6|language=en}}</ref> |
A 2018 book for 4-to-8-year-olds, ''Something Happened in Our Town'', recommends having the first talk prior to preschool and another when children start venturing independently into public space.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Having 'The Talk': Expert Guidance On Preparing Kids For Police Interactions|url=https://www.npr.org/local/309/2019/08/27/754459083/having-the-talk-expert-guidance-on-preparing-kids-for-police-interactions|access-date=2020-09-14|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Celano|first1=Marianne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YacKtAEACAAJ|title=Something Happened in Our Town: A Child's Story about Racial Injustice|last2=Collins|first2=Marietta|last3=Hazzard|first3=Ann|date=2018|publisher=Magination Press|isbn=978-1-4338-2854-6|language=en}}</ref> |
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In 2019, PBS station [[WFYI (TV)|WFYI]], the SALT Project, Trinity United Church of Christ and Christian Theological Seminary partnered to develop a short video for young |
In 2019, PBS station [[WFYI (TV)|WFYI]], the SALT Project, Trinity United Church of Christ and Christian Theological Seminary partnered to develop a short video for young black men called "Get Home Safely: 10 Rules of Survival".<ref>{{Cite web|title=10 Rules of Survival if Stopped by the Police {{!}} Talk Back {{!}} PBS|url=https://www.pbs.org/black-culture/connect/talk-back/10_rules_of_survival_if_stopped_by_police/|website=10 Rules of Survival if Stopped by the Police {{!}} Talk Back {{!}} PBS|access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref> On August 4, 2020, British TV channel [[Channel 4]] aired a documentary featuring the experiences of black Britons in having this conversation with their parents. Stars who contributed included [[Rochelle Humes]], [[Tinie Tempah]] and [[Leigh-Anne Pinnock]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lockstone|first=Mark|date=2020-07-29|title=The Talk: Leigh-Anne Pinnock, Rochelle and Marvin Humes and more for Channel 4 racism documentary|url=https://tellymix.co.uk/tv/466783-the-talk-leigh-anne-pinnock-rochelle-marvin-humes-and-more-to-appear-in-channel-4-racism-documentary.html|access-date=2020-08-05|website=TellyMix|language=en}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[John Henryism]] |
*[[John Henryism]] |
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*[[Minority stress]] |
*[[Minority stress]] |
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*[[Running while black|Running while |
*[[Running while black|Running while black]] |
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*[[Shopping while black|Shopping while |
*[[Shopping while black|Shopping while black]] |
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*[[Stop and frisk]] |
*[[Stop and frisk]] |
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*[[Uncle Tom syndrome]] |
*[[Uncle Tom syndrome]] |
Revision as of 09:55, 5 September 2022
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The talk is a colloquial expression for a conversation black parents in the United States feel compelled to have with their children and teenagers about the dangers they face due to racism or unjust treatment from authority figures, law enforcement or other parties, and how to de-escalate them. The practice dates back generations and is often viewed as a rite of passage for black children.
History
Black youth in the United States have "always been warned" about dealing with authority figures safely and instructed by their parents or other caregivers on the dangers they face due to racism.[1][2][3] Variations of the talk have been conducted in black families for decades[4] or generations;[2][5] the practice "dates back to slavery and has lasted centuries".[1]
The talk has evolved. In the 1940s the talk might have covered avoiding certain neighborhoods.[6] In the 1980s it might have covered "how to dress, walk and act and to be mindful of how others could perceive them".[6] In the 2010s it typically focussed on interactions with the police.[6]
Utne Reader called the talk "a rite of passage" for black children.[7] Judy Belk, writing in the Los Angeles Times, called the talk "an unfair but necessary burden we carry in the black community, one we reluctantly pass down" and "a painful ritual."[8]
In 2020, during and after the George Floyd protests, some black commentators called for white parents to have a similar talk with their children on how to behave when they witness racist behavior and how to be anti-racist.[9] Later that year, during the final 2020 United States presidential debate, moderator Kristen Welker asked both candidates to express their opinions on the talk.[10][11]
Content
The conversation often focuses on how to de-escalate encounters with police[7][8] especially given the high frequency of black men being pulled over for minor, insignificant or non-existent issues, also referred to as driving while black.[12] Sometimes the talk addresses encounters with white supremacists or vigilantes.[1][13]
The "talk" has been described as an example of preparation for bias in racial-ethnic socialization[14] and typically addresses specific advice in dealing with interactions with law enforcement. Brooks et al. (2016) described the type of advice for those confronted by law enforcement while driving:
- Pulling over your vehicle right away
- Keeping hands visible on the steering wheel and not making sudden moves
- Not reaching for items in your wallet or glove compartment, without informing the law enforcement officer first
- Being as polite as possible, using "Yes sir, officer"
- Not arguing, even if you are right
The perception of a need for these behaviours has been described as racialized legal cynicism.[14]
According to PBS, the talks usually include instructions such as:
If you are stopped by the police: Always answer 'yes sir, no sir'; never talk back; don’t make any sudden movements; don’t put your hands in your pockets; obey all commands; if you think you are falsely accused, save it for the police station. I would rather pick you up at the station than the morgue…"
— The Talk: Race in America[15]
According to Vox, for black people in the United States, "a typical police stop turning into a violent encounter is a very real, terrifying possibility."[5]
Some black parents focus on not only safety but also dignity and pride.[6]
Approaches
There are five common general approaches parents take:
- Focussing primarily on pride in one’s culture
- Discussing societal issues of injustice and inequality
- Focussing on the value of hard work and deemphasizing the importance of race
- Teaching messages of mistrust
- Avoidance of the discussion
Parents often combine multiple approaches. Research indicates the avoidance of discussion and teaching messages of mistrust are the least effective.[6] Focussing on pride and societal issues is typically more effective.[6]
Depiction
The New York Times made a short documentary in 2015 featuring the experiences of black Americans in having this conversation with their children and their memories of their own parents' conversations with them.[16] A 2016 episode of black-ish featured three generations of a black family watching television as a verdict in a police brutality case was announced; ABC rebroadcast it June 2, 2020, in response to the murder of George Floyd and subsequent protests.[17] PBS created a two-hour documentary, The Talk: Race in America, in 2017.[15] Procter & Gamble produced a commercial called "The Talk" in 2017.[18] A 2018 episode of Grey's Anatomy included a black couple having the talk with their son.[19] The 2018 film The Hate U Give includes a scene where a parent gives the talk to his children.[20]
A 2018 book for 4-to-8-year-olds, Something Happened in Our Town, recommends having the first talk prior to preschool and another when children start venturing independently into public space.[21][22]
In 2019, PBS station WFYI, the SALT Project, Trinity United Church of Christ and Christian Theological Seminary partnered to develop a short video for young black men called "Get Home Safely: 10 Rules of Survival".[23] On August 4, 2020, British TV channel Channel 4 aired a documentary featuring the experiences of black Britons in having this conversation with their parents. Stars who contributed included Rochelle Humes, Tinie Tempah and Leigh-Anne Pinnock.[24]
See also
- John Henryism
- Minority stress
- Running while black
- Shopping while black
- Stop and frisk
- Uncle Tom syndrome
References
- ^ a b c Wright, Bruce C. T. (July 29, 2019). "The One Story: The Evolving Relevance Of 'The Talk'". NewsOne. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ a b Blake, John (May 29, 2020). "George Floyd. Ahmaud Arbery. Breonna Taylor. What can black parents possibly tell their kids now about staying safe?". CNN. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ LaMotte, Sandee. "How to talk to your children about protests and racism". CNN.
- ^ Bouchard, Kelley (July 17, 2016). "African-American parents say 'The Talk' is a life-and-death matter". Press Herald. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ a b Lopez, German (August 8, 2016). "black parents describe "The Talk" they give to their children about police". Vox. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f "For black parents, 'the talk' binds generations, reflects changes in America". USC News. March 10, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
- ^ a b Plourde, Arienne Thompson; Thompson, Amelia; Magazine, from Notre Dame (2017). "The Talk: Surviving Police Encounters While black – Community – Utne Reader". Utne. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ a b Belk, Judy (November 3, 2019). "Opinion: As a black parent, I need to update 'the talk' I have with my kids about police". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ McDonald, Autumn (June 15, 2020). "black Parents Know "the Talk" Too Well. It's white Parents' Turn". Slate Magazine. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
- ^ Marty Johnson (October 22, 2020). "Welker raises question about 'the talk' during final debate". The Hill. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
- ^ Maggie Astor (October 22, 2020). "Addressing systemic racism, Kristen Walker asks the candidates about 'The Talk'". The New York Times. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
- ^ Haysom, Sam (April 16, 2021). "Trevor Noah breaks down 'the talk' black parents are giving their children about police". Mashable. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
- ^ Bunn, Curtis (May 19, 2020). "After Arbery shooting, black parents are rethinking 'the talk' with sons to explain white vigilantes". NBC News. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ a b Unnever, James D.; Gabbidon, Shaun L.; Chouhy, Cecilia (October 26, 2018). Building a black Criminology, Volume 24: Race, Theory, and Crime. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-75744-0.
- ^ a b "The Talk Archives". The Talk | Race in America. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ "Opinion | A Conversation With My black Son". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ Ryan, Patrick (June 2, 2020). "During George Floyd protests, ABC reruns 2016 'black-ish' episode exploring race, police brutality". USA TODAY. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
- ^ Bell, Gabriel (July 25, 2017). "Moving ad captures "The Talk" every black parent has with their kids". Salon. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ Willis, Kiersten (January 27, 2018). "Grey's Anatomy Takes a Hard Look At 'The Talk' black Parents Have to Give Their Sons About Police Brutality". Atlanta black Star. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ Frederick, Candice (October 5, 2018). ""The Hate U Give" Reckons With Staying Silent or Speaking Out Against Police Brutality". Teen Vogue. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
- ^ "Having 'The Talk': Expert Guidance On Preparing Kids For Police Interactions". NPR.org. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
- ^ Celano, Marianne; Collins, Marietta; Hazzard, Ann (2018). Something Happened in Our Town: A Child's Story about Racial Injustice. Magination Press. ISBN 978-1-4338-2854-6.
- ^ "10 Rules of Survival if Stopped by the Police | Talk Back | PBS". 10 Rules of Survival if Stopped by the Police | Talk Back | PBS. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ Lockstone, Mark (July 29, 2020). "The Talk: Leigh-Anne Pinnock, Rochelle and Marvin Humes and more for Channel 4 racism documentary". TellyMix. Retrieved August 5, 2020.