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| caption = Student demonstrations in [[Shahbagh]], [[Dhaka]] and [[Rangpur]] in July 2024<br>''Clockwise from the top:''<br>{{Bulleted list|Police blockade in a mass procession|A female student carrying a protest board written "কোটা নাকি মেধা? মেধা! মেধা!" ({{lit|Quota or merit? Merit! Merit!}})|A male student carrying a protest board written "ভেঙ্গে ফেল ঐ কোটার শিকল" ({{lit|Break down the shakles of those quotas}}) wearing shakles.}}
| caption = Student demonstrations in [[Shahbagh]], [[Dhaka]] in July 2024<br>''Clockwise from the top:''<br>{{Bulleted list|Police blockade in a mass procession|A female student carrying a protest board written "কোটা নাকি মেধা? মেধা! মেধা!" ({{lit|Quota or merit? Merit! Merit!}})|A male student carrying a protest board written "ভেঙ্গে ফেল ঐ কোটার শিকল" ({{lit|Break down the shakles of those quotas}}) wearing shakles.}}
| date = 6 June 2024 <br>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days |month1=6 |day1=6 |year1=2024}})
| date = 6 June 2024 <br>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days |month1=6 |day1=6 |year1=2024}})
| place = [[Bangladesh]]
| place = [[Bangladesh]]

Revision as of 08:31, 17 July 2024

For other uses, see Bangladesh quota reform movement.

2024 Bangladesh Quota Reform Movement
Student demonstrations in Shahbagh, Dhaka in July 2024
Clockwise from the top:
  • Police blockade in a mass procession
  • A female student carrying a protest board written "কোটা নাকি মেধা? মেধা! মেধা!" (lit. 'Quota or merit? Merit! Merit!')
  • A male student carrying a protest board written "ভেঙ্গে ফেল ঐ কোটার শিকল" (lit. 'Break down the shakles of those quotas') wearing shakles.
Date6 June 2024
(1 month, 1 week and 4 days)
Location
Bangladesh
Caused byReinstating of the pre-2018 quota system in government jobs through the declaration of the 2018 government circular as illegal by the Bangladesh High Court.
GoalsMajority:
Reduction of the amount of quotas in all government jobs in Bangladesh
Fractions:
Complete abolishment of the quota system
Methods
StatusOngoing
Parties
Protesters
  • Anti-discrimination Students' Movement
  • University and college students

Supported by:
Bangladesh Nationalist Party[1][2]
Jatiya Party (Ershad)[3]
Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal[4]
Left Democratic Alliance

Associations:

Pro-quota counter protesters
Lead figures

Collective leadership

Casualties and losses
25 journalists injured[24][25]
quotamovementbangladesh.com

The 2024 Quota Reform Movement,[26] dubbed as Bangla Blockade by the protesters, is an ongoing protest movement spearheaded by the students, as well as teachers, of both the public universities and private universities demanding reform of the conventional system of quota-based recruitment in all types of government jobs in the country.[27][28] The protests started in response of a verdict by the High Court division on 5 June 2024, which declared the 2018 government circular cancelling the 30% quota for freedom fighters' descendants in government jobs, illegal.[29] The circular was issued in the wake of the 2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement.[30][31]

After the court decision, online activism started against the verdict, along with calls for "another 2018". Initial protests were staged in early-June, mainly concentrated in the capital Dhaka, but was later discontinued due to Eid-ul-Adha and summer holidays. After the holiday, peaceful demonstrations by the students restarted from 1 July, meanwhile public university teachers declared work strike protesting the new Universal Pension Scheme, thus the universities came to be closed indefinitely. Demonstrations spread nationwide as the movement became convened by a newly-organised Boishommobirodhee Chhatro Andolon (Bengali: বৈষম্যবিরোধী ছাত্র আন্দোলন, lit. 'Anti-discrimination Students' Movement'), an umbrella organisation for the student protesters. From 7 July, protestors started nationwide Bangla Blockade, organising traffic and rail obstruction with demonstrations in major cities and metropolises such as Dhaka, Chittagong, Cumilla, Jessore, Rangpur and Rajshahi. Though the Appellate Division ordered a four-weeks status quo regarding the issue on 10 July, protests continued demanding a solving from the government.[32] Protests turned violent for the first time the next day as the police clashed with the students as government started to become hardline. On 14 July, controversy erupted regarding Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's statement, escalating the situation. Within 15 July, ruling Awami League solidified it's stance against the demonstration and the protestors met violent suppression from Chhatra League, leaving several hundreds injured and taking the situation to a deadlock.[33][34][35]

Background

After the High Court verdict was published on 5 June 2024, students of various universities in Dhaka united to demand quota reform. After the movement was initially started, it was postponed due to Eid and summer holidays. After the holidays, the agitation started again peacefully but gradually became widespread. Initially the students and teachers of public universities including University of Dhaka, Jagannath University, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University, Jahangirnagar University, University of Chittagong, University of Rajshahi, Comilla University, Islamic University and other educational institutions joined the movement.[36] Later, the students of private universities including North South University, Independent University Bangladesh, BRAC University, American International University-Bangladesh, United International University, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology and Varendra University also followed suit by joining the public demonstration.[37] Under the banner of Anti-discrimination Students' Movement, students started the Bangla Blockade. During the movement, the Appellate Division issued a status quo for four weeks on 10 July, cancelling the freedom fighter quota. Reacting to the court verdict, the students said they are seeking a final solution to the quota issue from the government, claiming the movement has nothing to do with the court. Appellate Division upholds status quo in High Court verdict. The protest also affected the domestic train and the road transportation experienced blockade.[38][39]

Demands

The Anti-discrimination Students' Movement has put forward the following demands to the government:[40][41]

  • Cancellation of existing quota system for government jobs,
  • Provision of quota at fair rates to minority groups and disabled people, and
  • Passing a new law in the parliament which establishes a new quota system to a maximum level of 5% of total jobs.

Timeline

Student carrying a protest board written "কোটা একটি ভিক্ষা; মুক্তি পাক শিক্ষা" (lit. 'Quota is an alm; education be freed').
An anti-quota protester carrying a protest board written "আমার ভাইয়ের রক্তে রাঙানো ১৫ জুলাই, আমরা কিভাবে ভুলে যাই? কোটা মুক্ত দেশ চাই!" (lit. 'My brothers' blood spattered 16 July, how can we forget? Wants a quota-free country!').

10 July

On this day University of Dhaka students gathered in front of the central library and went to Shahbagh and besieged the place. Members of the law and order forces positioned barricades in front of the students. In the afternoon, it is known that the status quo has been given for four weeks in the judgement given by the High Court cancelling the quota system. The Chief Justice asked the students to go back. Dhaka's transport system came to a standstill due to the blockade in various parts of Dhaka. Long-distance buses were stopped due to the agitation.[42]

On this day, the police attacked the students of Comilla University.[43]

11 July

The siege of Shahbagh was supposed to start from 03:00 PM but due to rain, the students crossed the police barricade on their way to Shahbagh and started at 04:30 PM. Dhaka College students retreated due to police barricades and Dhaka University students joined the students of Jagannath University at Shahbagh. Apart from Shahbagh, other places in Dhaka were unaffected by the movement. At 09:00 PM, the students ended their agitation and announced a protest march and rally on 12 July to protest the police attack on them.[44]

12 July

On 12 July at 05:00 PM, students, ignoring the administration's warnings, gathered at Shahbagh and staged a blockade.[45]

On this day, while students were protesting at Comilla Victoria College, a group of Chhatra League members launched an attack. During the situation, a student who was recording a video was taken to a hall and beaten mercilessly by the Chhatra League members.[46]

13 July

Students protested by blocking the railway tracks in Rajshahi.[47] In Dhaka, DU students held a press conference in the evening, they complained that attempts were being made to block students' movement with lawsuits.[48]

14 July

Students marched in Dhaka to express their concerns through a sit-in protest and blockade, later submitting a memorandum to President Mohammed Sahabuddin.[49]

In response to the controversial statement allegedly made by the Prime Minister of Bangladesh during a press conference, where she reportedly referred to students protesting the quota reform movement as the children of Rajakars (traitors in the 1971 Independence War), students organized a midnight demonstration at the Dhaka University campus area. This protest was a significant display of dissent against the Prime Minister's remarks, reflecting the students' frustration and discontent with the government's stance on the quota reform issue. The midnight protest underscored the heightened tensions and the urgent demand for addressing the concerns of the students involved in the movement. Female students from Rokeya Hall joined the protest by breaking the lock put up by the authorities at the dorm gate.[50]

The government instructed operators to shut down the 4G network in the University of Dhaka area.[51] At around 11:30 PM, leaders and members of the Bangladesh Chhatra League attacked the protesters at University of Chittagong[52] where 13 of the student protesters got injured.[53]

15 July

In Jessore at around 12:00 PM, the students from Jessore University of Science and Technology and Michael Madhusudan College staged a protest, where a member of the Chhatra League attacked and injured a protester.[54]

In Dhaka, Members of the Chhatra League started their procession to Shahbagh from Segunbagicha near Motsho Bhobon at around 03:45 PM.[55]

Later in the evening, Chhatra League members attacked students inside Bijoy Ekattor Hall of Dhaka University, where some of the attacker were seen shooting with pistols and carrying sticks.[56] In response, the protesters also threw brickbats from the inside of the hall to retaliate.[57]

While covering the protest in DU, two photojournalists from The Daily Star and Prothom Alo also got assaulted and injured by the attack carried out by Chhatra League.[58][55]

At 5:30 PM, members of the Chhatra League attempted to attack the emergency department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital where over 200 students injured in the clashes sought treatment at the emergency department.[59][60] After several attempts throughout the afternoon, Chhatra League members, some wearing helmets, forcibly entered DMCH around 7:30 PM and initiated an attack. Many were observed carrying rods and Chinese axes.[61] They targeted students already injured in the quota reform movement and vandalised several ambulances parked at DMCH.[62]

Later the same evening, an attack carried out by the Chhatra League Rajshahi branch at the Rajshahi University also left 6 students injured including the Joint convenor of the Bangladesh Students Union at RU.[63]

In Comilla, The CoU coordinator of the anti-discrimination student movement got assaulted at around 8:00 PM when eight Chhatra League members called him to check his phone and later beaten him.[64]

At 09:45 PM, the protesters in DU called for a nation wide demonstrations and rallies in all educational institutions of the country at 03:00 PM on 16 July as part of the new program.[65]

16 July

In the early hours of 16 July, at around 12:15 AM, members of the Chhatra League attacked Jahangirnagar University students using firearms. The students took shelter at the vice-chancellor's residence after breaking its lock.[66] Around 300 Chhatra League members, armed with GI pipes and sticks, threw bricks and glass bottles at the students. Shots were reportedly fired. Which injure two journalist, including one from Dhaka Tribune and over 50 of the student protesters.[67]

Police arrived to control the situation, while both groups positioned themselves outside the VC's residence. Students claimed the attackers included outsiders, some in their forties.[68] Later on, the sub-inspector of the Ashulia Police Department instead decided to blame the students by stating that the protesters is to blame for causing "this mayhem".[69]

A violent incident involving police and students demanding quota reforms took place in front of Begum Rokeya University in Rangpur between 2:30 PM and 3:00 PM. Police resorted to lathi-charge and firing during the incident. According to Dr. Md. Yunus Ali, Director of Rangpur Medical College Hospital, a Begum Rokeya University student named Abu Sayed died after being brought to the hospital with gunshot wounds. His hometown was in Pirganj Upazila of Rangpur District. [70]

At around 3:30 PM, it was reported that in the Farmgate-Khamarbari area, the Chhatra League assailants attacked the protestors with sticks. When the protestors took shelter in the Farmgate metro rail station, the assailants entered the metro rail station and started to beat the students, which were witnessed by the passengers. Police were allegedly deployed to control the situation.[71] However, DMTCL, the authority responsible for the operation for the Dhaka Metro Rail, denied these claims and stated that guards of the station drove the "miscreants" away as they entered with bamboo sticks. They also stated that there were no damage to the station, however they are planning to close some of the gates of the station complex for some time to prevent recurrence of such incidents.[72]

Students from various private universities and colleges also protested and blocked roads against the violence of the Chhatra League in the quota reform movement, including Notre Dame College, Dhaka Residential Model College , RAJUK Uttara Model College, Adamjee Cantonment College, Viqarunnisa Noon School and College, Ideal School and College, Ideal College, Dhaka City College, BAF Shaheen College Dhaka, Birshrestha Noor Mohammad Public College, Birshrestha Munshi Abdur Rauf Public College, PrimeAsia University, United International University, BRAC University, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dania College, Dr. Mahbubur Rahman Mollah College, State University of Bangladesh, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh University of Business and Technology, Daffodil International University, North South University, American International University Bangladesh, Independent University, Bangladesh, Eastern University, City University, East West University, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology, Manarat International University and many others.[73][74][75][76]

The students of North South University, Independent University Bangladesh and BRAC University protested at and around their respective premises areas at Bashundhara Residential Area and Merul Badda with the blockade by the students extending up to Baridhara, the streets infront of the Jamuna Future Park mall, the largest mall in the country, Notun Bazar, Badda, Kuril, causing gridlock to its neighbouring areas as well, including Rampura, Banasree, Badda Link Road and Abul Hotel area in Malibagh. Students of PrimeAsia University blocked the Banani area. Students of Notre Dame College protested in the country's main financial hub and the largest central business district of Motijheel at Shapla Square. Students of Daffodil International University also made an attempt to start a demonstration at the road, but were forced to retreat. So, they instead chose to protest on-campus. Students of other universities and colleges also joined the protests. Protests also took place in Dhanmondi, specifically in front of the Science Laboratory area and in Uttara. Gridlocks were also experienced at places like Mohammadpur, Dhanmondi, Mirpur Road, and Gabtoli.[77][78][79]

Students blocked railway line in Chattogram and Mohakhali.[80] The Dhaka–Chattogram,[81] Dhaka–Barisal,[82] Dhaka–Rajshahi[83] and Dhaka–Tangail highways were also blocked.[84]

In evening, the Ministry of Education announced the indefinite closure of schools and colleges[85][86] and the postponing of the HSC exam scheduled for 18 July.[87]

UGC has declared that all public and private universities across the country will remain closed until further notice.[88] At the same time, all affiliated medical, textile, engineering and other colleges will also remain closed.[89][90] The commission also directed the university authorities to vacate the residential halls allegedly considering safety of the students.[91]

In remembrance of the fallen, the movement announced a symbolic funeral prayer scheduled for July 17.[92]

Controversy

Students of the University of Rajshahi using the Razakar slogans at 11:30pm on 14 July 2024

Prime minister Sheikh Hasina expressed at the Ganabhaban on 14 July 2024:

If the grandchildren of freedom fighters don't get quota benefits, will those then go to the grandchildren of the Razakars?[a] That's my question, the countrymen's question.

In response to the Prime Minister's comment, in the early hours of 15 July 2024 students began using slogans such as "তুমি কে, আমি কে? রাজাকার, রাজাকার! কে বলেছে, কে বলেছে? স্বৈরাচার, স্বৈরাচার!"[b] (lit. 'Who are you? Who am I? A Razakar, a Razakar! Who has said it? Who has said it? The Dictator, the Dictator!')[93] and "চাইতে গেলাম অধিকার, হয়ে গেলাম রাজাকার!"[c] (lit. 'Sought for rights, got turned into a Razakar!').[94][95] The Bangladesh Chhatra League threatened that any protester using these slogans would face consequences, as they viewed these actions as offensive to the spirit of the liberation war and freedom fighters. The organisation announced plans to take action if the usage of these slogans continued.[96][97]

Social Welfare Minister Dipu Moni, stated that the protesters should not have the right to hold the flag of Bangladesh.[98] In light of these events, the Prime Minister questioned the education of the protesters and described their behaviour as "very regrettable."[99]

While the protesters argue that the Prime Minister's statement indirectly labelled them as "Razakars" and demeaned those whom are advocating for quota reform.[100] And in response to that, they have adopted the slogan, stating that if they were to continue their protest under that label, they would accept it.[101]

Casualties

Infront of Begum Rokeya University at Rangpur, Abu Sayed spread his chest just before he was shot by police. He was severely injured and died of excessive bleeding after being taken to the hospital. The photo became viral in internet as a symbol of the protest and martyrdom.

As of 16 July 2024, six fatalities have been reported nationwide due to the attack and violence carried out by Chhatro League and Bangladesh Police.[53][33] They are being considered Shaheed (Bengali: শহীদ lit. 'Martyr').[by whom?][92] In addition, over 600 students and civilians have been injured.[102] The reported fatalities include Md. Shahjahan (25), a hawker from the New market area;[103] Md Farooq (32), an employee of a furniture shop; Faisal Ahmed Shanto (24), a student of Omargani M.E.S. College;[104] Md Wasim Akram (22), a student of the Sociology Department at Chittagong College;[105] and Abu Sayed (25), a student of the Department of English at Begum Rokeya University.[106]

Reactions

Domestic

Bangladesh's largest opposition Nationalist Party denounced the Chhatra League attacks on the protesters. Its politician Amir Khosru Mahmud Chowdhury, saying that government is trying to deprive the students from their rights labelling them Razakars.[107] Left Democratic Alliance also denounced the suppressions saying that "the government is delivering provocative speeches instead recognizing logical changes in the quota system".[108]

Thirty eminent citizens of the country have condemned the loss of lives in violent clashes during anti-quota protests across the country.[109] Non-governmental organization Transparency International Bangladesh also denounced the suppressions.[110]

International

On 15 July 2024, the United States Department of State spokesperson Matthew Miller condemned the attacks on protesters by the Chhatra League claiming the death of two anti-quota protesters.[111] However, the spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bangladesh Saheli Sabrin slammed the remarks calling it "unsubstantiated claims".[112]

Amnesty International also condemned the attacks against protesters, calling the government "to immediately guarantee the safety of all peaceful protesters and proper treatment of all those injured".[111]

Gallery

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Razakars were a paramilitary force during the Bangladesh Liberation War which collaborated with the Pakistani forces to halt the independence of Bangladesh. In modern Bangladesh, the term razakar is used as a pejorative, meaning "traitor" or "collaborator", similar to the usage of "Quisling" in the Western World.
  2. ^ In some version, সরকার (lit. 'Government') is used instead of স্বৈরাচার (lit. 'Dictator').[citation needed]
  3. ^ In some version, চেয়েছিলাম is used instead of চাইতে গেলাম but the meaning remains unchanged.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ Report, Star Digital (6 July 2024). "BNP lends support to anti-quota, pension protests". The Daily Star. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  2. ^ "BNP morally supports protests over pension scheme, quota system: Fakhrul". The Financial Express. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  3. ^ Correspondent, Special (16 July 2024). "GM Quader extends support to quota reform protesters". Prothom Alo. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  4. ^ প্রতিনিধি, বিশেষ (5 July 2024). "কোটা ও পেনশনবিরোধী আন্দোলনে বাংলাদেশ জাসদের সমর্থন". Prothom Alo (in Bengali). Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  5. ^ Hasnat, Saif; Das, Anupreeta (16 July 2024). "Bangladesh Deploys Border Force to Try to Quell Student Protests". The New York Times.
  6. ^ "Govt deploys BGB troops in 4 districts". Daily Sun. 16 July 2024.
  7. ^ Bureau, Rajshahi. "কোটা সংস্কার আন্দোলনকারীদের রুখে দেওয়ার ঘোষণা যুবলীগের". Kalbela (in Bengali). Retrieved 16 July 2024.
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  10. ^ Report, Star Digital (11 July 2024). "BCL ready to face those trying to politicise quota protests: Saddam". The Daily Star. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
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  12. ^ প্রতিবেদক, নিজস্ব (16 July 2024). "ছাত্রলীগ–পুলিশের সঙ্গে আন্দোলনকারীদের সংঘর্ষে নিহত ৫". Prothomalo (in Bengali). Retrieved 16 July 2024.
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  19. ^ "Clash involving BCL, quota protesters leave around 250 injured". UNB. 15 July 2024.
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  23. ^ "এবার সিটি কলেজের সামনে থেকে রক্তাক্ত মরদেহ উদ্ধার". The Daily Star (in Bengali). 16 July 2024.
  24. ^ "সাংবাদিকদের ওপর হামলায় সম্পাদক পরিষদের উদ্বেগ". Daily Samakal. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
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  26. ^ "2024 Quota Reform Movement". Quota Movement Bangladesh. 17 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  28. ^ Hasan, Mubashar; Ruud, Arild Engelsen (15 July 2024). "Why is the Bangladesh Government Unable to Quell Ongoing Students Protests?". The Diplomat. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  29. ^ "Cancellation of 30pc quota for freedom fighters' children in civil service illegal: HC". The Daily Star. 5 June 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
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  31. ^ "Violent clashes over government jobs quota system leave scores injured in Bangladesh". ABC News. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  32. ^ Report, Star (11 July 2024). "Quotas in govt jobs: Protesters won't back down despite SC status quo". The Daily Star. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  33. ^ a b "100 Injured as Bangladesh Students Clash in Job Quota Protests".
  34. ^ "BCL, quota protesters clash".
  35. ^ "100 injured as Bangladesh student groups clash over job quotas". CNA. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  36. ^ "Universities outside Dhaka also heat up with quota movement". Daily Sun. 15 July 2024.
  37. ^ "Private university students join Quota Reform Movement protests". The Daily Star. 15 July 2024.
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  39. ^ "Violent clashes over government jobs quota system leave scores injured in Bangladesh". Associated Press News.
  40. ^ "Bangladesh: Students protest jobs reserved for war heroes' children". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
  41. ^ Correspondent (10 July 2024). "Blockade to continue tomorrow as students left Shahbagh after 8hrs". Prothomalo. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
  42. ^ "কোটা সংস্কার আন্দোলনে বুধবার সারাদিন যা হয়েছে". BBC News বাংলা (in Bengali). 10 July 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
  43. ^ "কুমিল্লায় কোটা আন্দোলনকারীদের ওপর পুলিশের হামলা, দুই সাংবাদিক আহত" [Police attacks quota protesters in Cumilla, two journalist injured]. Bangla Tribune (in Bengali). Retrieved 15 July 2024.
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External links

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