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'''Orléans''' is a city and [[commune in France|commune]] in north-central [[France]], about 130 km (80 miles) southwest of [[Paris]]. It is the ''[[préfecture]]'' (capital) of the [[Loiret]] ''[[Départements of France|département]]'' and of the [[Centre (France)|Centre]] ''[[Région in France|région]]''. Population (1999): 113,126.
'''Orléans''' is a city and [[commune in France|commune]] in north-central [[France]], about 130 km (80 miles) southwest of [[Paris]]. It is the ''[[préfecture]]'' (capital) of the [[Loiret]] ''[[Départements of France|département]]'' and of the [[Centre (France)|Centre]] ''[[Région in France|région]]''. Population (1999): 113,126.


It is located on Loire River where it cureves south towards the massif central.
==History==
[[Image:Blason Orléans.svg|thumb|left|100px|Coat of Arms]]
Orléans was founded as a Gallic ''civitas'' (city state) of the [[Gaul|Gallic]] [[Carnutes]] tribe, called '''Cenabum''' (known erroneously as ''Genabum''). It was refounded in 275 by the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Aurelian]] who gave it his name, '''Aurelianum''', "the city of Aurelianus". In [[451]], [[Attila the Hun]] made an attempt to capture and sack the city, only to be driven off by the last-minute arrival of an army under the combined command of [[Theodoric I|Theodoric]], king of the [[Visigoths]], and the Roman general [[Flavius Aëtius|Aëtius]].

It was the capital of the [[Merovingian]] king (27 November 511 - 25 June 524) [[Clodomir]] (Clodmer) (b. 495 - d. 524) of what was since known as the [[kingdom of Burgundy]].

The [[Siege of Orléans]] in 1428 - 1429 marked a turning point in the [[Hundred Years' War]]. [[Joan of Arc]] made her reputation here by lifting the siege nine days after she arrived.

===University and other education===
The schools of Orléans early acquired great prestige; in the 6th century [[Guntram|Gontran]], [[King of Burgundy]], had his son Gondebaud educated there. After Theodolfus had developed and improved the schools, [[Charlemagne]], and later [[Hugh Capet of France|Hugh Capet]], sent their eldest sons there as pupils. These institutions were at the height of their fame from the 11th century to the middle of the 13th. Their influence spread as far as Italy and England whence students came to them. Among the medieval rhetorical treatises which have come down to us under the title of ''Ars'' or ''Summa Dictaminis'' four, at least, were written or re-edited by Orléans professors. In 1230, when for a time the doctors of the [[University of Paris]] were scattered, a number of the teachers and disciples took refuge in Orléans; when pope [[Pope Boniface VIII|Boniface VIII]], in 1298, promulgated the sixth book of the Decretals, he appointed the doctors of [[University of Bologna|Bologna]] and the doctors of Orléans to comment upon it. [[Ivo of Kermartin|St. Yves]] (1253-1303) studied civil law at Orléans, and [[Pope Clement V|Clement V]] also studied there law and letters; by a [[Papal Bull]] published at Lyon, 27 January, 1306, he endowed the Orléans institutes with the title and privileges of a University (it has been founded as one of the very earliest universities outside Italy in 1235, only two years after [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] and [[University of Toulouse|Toulouse]], in France only Paris' [[Sorbonne]] was even older). Twelve later popes granted the new university many privileges. In the 14th century it had as many as five thousand students from France, [[Germany]], [[Duchy of Lorraine|Lorraine]], [[Burgundy]], [[Champagne (province)|Champagne]], [[Picardy]], [[Normandy]], [[Touraine]], [[Guyenne]] and [[Scotland]]. Among those who studied or lectured there are quoted: in the 14th century, Cardinal [[Pierre Bertrandi]]; in the 15th, [[Johann Reuchlin]]; in the 16th, religious reformer [[John Calvin|Calvin]] and [[Theodore Beza|Théodore de Bèze]], the Protestant [[Anne du Bourg]], the publicist [[François Hotmann]], the jurisconsult [[Pierre de l'Etoile]]; in the 17th, [[Molière]] (perhaps in 1640), and the savant lexicographer [[Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange|Du Cange]]; in the 18th, the jurisconsult [[Robert Joseph Pothier|Pothier]].


==Miscellaneous==
==Miscellaneous==

Revision as of 00:25, 7 March 2008

This article is about the French city of Orléans; for other meanings see Orleans (disambiguation).
Orléans
Location of
Map
CountryFrance
ArrondissementOrléans
CantonChief town of 6 cantons
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
45234 /

Orléans is a city and commune in north-central France, about 130 km (80 miles) southwest of Paris. It is the préfecture (capital) of the Loiret département and of the Centre région. Population (1999): 113,126.

It is located on Loire River where it cureves south towards the massif central.

Miscellaneous

Friedrich Schiller gave his influential 1801 play about Joan of Arc the title The Maid of Orléans.

New Orleans (originally La Nouvelle-Orléans) is named after the city of Orléans.

Births

Orléans is the patrie (birthplace) of:

Twin cities

The city is twinned with:

Orléans in September 1428, the time of the Siege of Orléans.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Orléans.
  • Template:En icon Orleans guide on WikiTravel
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  • Template:Fr icon Orleans city official web site
  • Template:En icon Visiting Orléans
  • France on WorldStatesmen


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