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[[File:Tutmask.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[Tutankhamun]] was a member of the [[Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt]].]]
[[File:Tutmask.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[Tutankhamun]] was a member of the [[Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt]].]]


[[Historian]]s traditionally consider a [[sovereign state|state]]'s history within a framework of successive dynasties, particularly with such nations as [[China]], [[Ancient Egypt]] and the [[Persian Empire]]. Much of [[Europe]]an political history was dominated, successively and together, by dynasties such as the [[Carolingian]]s, the [[Capetian dynasty|Capetian]]s, the [[Habsburg]]s, the [[House of St
[[Historian]]s traditionally consider a [[sovereign state|state]]'s history within a framework of successive dynasties, particularly with such nations as [[China]], [[Ancient Egypt]] and the [[Persian Empire]]. Much of [[Europe]]an political history was dominated, successively and together, by dynasties such as the [[Carolingian]]s, the [[Capetian dynasty|Capetian]]s, the [[Habsburg]]s, the [[House of Stuart|Stuart]]s, the [[Hohenzollern]]s and the [[Romanovs]]. Until the nineteenth century, it was taken for granted that a legitimate function of a [[monarch]] was to aggrandize his dynasty, that is, to increase the [[territory (administrative division)|territory]], wealth and power of family members.<ref>{{cite book| last = Thomson| first = David| title = Europe Since Napoleon| date = 1961| publisher = Knopf| location = New York| pages = pp. 79-80| chapter = The Institutions of Monarchy| quote = The basic idea of monarchy was the idea that hereditary right gave the best title to political power...The dangers of disputed succession were best avoided by hereditary succession: ruling families had a natural interest in passing on to their descendants enhanced power and prestige...Frederick the Great of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, Maria Theresa of Austria, were alike infatuated with the idea of strengthening their power, centralizing government in their own hands as against local and feudal privileges, and so acquiring more absolute authority in the state. Moreover, the very dynastic rivalries and conflicts between these eighteenth-century monarchs drove them to look for ever more efficient methods of government }}</ref>
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uart|Stuart]]s, the [[Hohenzollern]]s and the [[Romanovs]]. Until the nineteenth century, it was taken for granted that a legitimate function of a [[monarch]] was to aggrandize his dynasty, that is, to increase the [[territory (administrative division)|territory]], wealth and power of family members.<ref>{{cite book| last = Thomson| first = David| title = Europe Since Napoleon| date = 1961| publisher = Knopf| location = New York| pages = pp. 79-80| chapter = The Institutions of Monarchy| quote = The basic idea of monarchy was the idea that hereditary right gave the best title to political power...The dangers of disputed succession were best avoided by hereditary succession: ruling families had a natural interest in passing on to their descendants enhanced power and prestige...Frederick the Great of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, Maria Theresa of Austria, were alike infatuated with the idea of strengthening their power, centralizing government in their own hands as against local and feudal privileges, and so acquiring more absolute authority in the state. Moreover, the very dynastic rivalries and conflicts between these eighteenth-century monarchs drove them to look for ever more efficient methods of government }}</ref>


A ruling or territorial dynasty is also often called a "[[royal house|house]]" (e.g. "[[House of Saud]]", "[[House of Windsor]])". The term is also used to describe the [[era]] during which a family [[reign]]ed, as well as events, trends and artifacts of that period (e.g. "Ming dynasty vase"). In such cases, often the "dynasty" is dropped Őbut the name may be used adjectively, e.g. "[[Tudor Style architecture|Tudor style]]", "[[Ottoman Dynasty|Ottoman]] expansion", "[[Romanov Dynasty|Romanov]] decadence", etc. in much of the world, dynasties have been defined [[patrilineality|patrilineally]], with [[inheritance]] and [[kinship]] being predominantly viewed and legally calculated through descent from a common ancestor in the [[Agnatic primogeniture|male line]]. However, men who were descended from extinct dynasties through their mothers or grandmothers have sometimes adopted the name of the extinct dynasty in order to claim inheritance (e.g. [[House of Orange]], [[Bagrationi dynasty]], [[House of Hapsburg|House of Habsburg-Lorraine]]).
A ruling or territorial dynasty is also often called a "[[royal house|house]]" (e.g. "[[House of Saud]]", "[[House of Windsor]])". The term is also used to describe the [[era]] during which a family [[reign]]ed, as well as events, trends and artifacts of that period (e.g. "Ming dynasty vase"). In such cases, often the "dynasty" is dropped Őbut the name may be used adjectively, e.g. "[[Tudor Style architecture|Tudor style]]", "[[Ottoman Dynasty|Ottoman]] expansion", "[[Romanov Dynasty|Romanov]] decadence", etc. in much of the world, dynasties have been defined [[patrilineality|patrilineally]], with [[inheritance]] and [[kinship]] being predominantly viewed and legally calculated through descent from a common ancestor in the [[Agnatic primogeniture|male line]]. However, men who were descended from extinct dynasties through their mothers or grandmothers have sometimes adopted the name of the extinct dynasty in order to claim inheritance (e.g. [[House of Orange]], [[Bagrationi dynasty]], [[House of Hapsburg|House of Habsburg-Lorraine]]).

Revision as of 21:24, 29 June 2010

This article is about the general concept of a line of rulers. For other uses, see Dynasty (disambiguation).
Tutankhamun was a member of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt.

Historians traditionally consider a state's history within a framework of successive dynasties, particularly with such nations as China, Ancient Egypt and the Persian Empire. Much of European political history was dominated, successively and together, by dynasties such as the Carolingians, the Capetians, the Habsburgs, the Stuarts, the Hohenzollerns and the Romanovs. Until the nineteenth century, it was taken for granted that a legitimate function of a monarch was to aggrandize his dynasty, that is, to increase the territory, wealth and power of family members.[1]

A ruling or territorial dynasty is also often called a "house" (e.g. "House of Saud", "House of Windsor)". The term is also used to describe the era during which a family reigned, as well as events, trends and artifacts of that period (e.g. "Ming dynasty vase"). In such cases, often the "dynasty" is dropped Őbut the name may be used adjectively, e.g. "Tudor style", "Ottoman expansion", "Romanov decadence", etc. in much of the world, dynasties have been defined patrilineally, with inheritance and kinship being predominantly viewed and legally calculated through descent from a common ancestor in the male line. However, men who were descended from extinct dynasties through their mothers or grandmothers have sometimes adopted the name of the extinct dynasty in order to claim inheritance (e.g. House of Orange, Bagrationi dynasty, House of Habsburg-Lorraine).

Dynasts

A ruler in a dynasty is sometimes referred to as a dynast, but this term is also used to describe any member of a reigning family who retains succession rights to a throne. For example, following his abdication, Edward VIII of the United Kingdom ceased to be a dynastic member of the House of Windsor.

A "dynastic marriage" is one that complies with monarchical house law restrictions, so that the descendants are eligible to inherit the throne and/or other royal privileges. For instance, the 2002 marriage of Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange to Máxima Zorreguieta was dynastic, and their eldest child is expected to eventually inherit the Dutch crown. But the marriage of his younger brother Prince Friso to Mabel Wisse Smit in 2003 lacked government support and parliamentary approval. Thus Friso forfeited his place in the order of succession, lost his title as a Prince of the Netherlands, and his children have no dynastic rights.

In historical and monarchist references to formerly reigning families, dynastic describes a family member who would have succession rights if the monarchy's rules were still in force. For example, after the 1914 assassinations of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his morganatic wife Sophie von Hohenberg, their son Max was bypassed for the Austrian throne because he was not a Habsburg dynast. Even since abolition of the Austrian monarchy, Max and his descendants have not been considered the rightful pretenders by Austrian monarchists, nor have they claimed that position.

The term "dynast" is sometimes used to refer to agnatic descendants of a realm's monarchs, and sometimes to those who hold succession rights through cognatic royal descent. The term can therefore describe overlapping but distinct sets of people. For example, David Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley, a nephew of Queen Elizabeth II through her late sister, Princess Margaret, is in the line of succession to the British crown, and in that sense is a British dynast. Yet he is not a male-line member of the royal family, and is therefore not a dynast of the House of Windsor.

On the other hand, the German aristocrat Ernst August, Prince of Hanover (born 1954), although a male-line descendant of George III of the United Kingdom, is a remote descendant with no legal British titles and styles (although he is entitled to re-claim the once-royal dukedom of Cumberland). Yet he was born in the line of succession to the British crown and is bound by the Royal Marriages Act 1772. Thus, in 1999 he requested and obtained formal permission from Elizabeth II to marry the Roman Catholic Princess Caroline of Monaco. But immediately upon marriage he forfeited his right to the British throne because the English Act of Settlement 1701 dictates that dynasts married to a Roman Catholic are considered dead for the purpose of succession. However, the couple's daughter, Princess Alexandra of Hanover (born 1999), remains a legal dynast of both the United Kingdom and Monaco [citation needed], not to mention her father's claim to dynasticity as pretender to the former royal crown of Hanover.

Dynasties by region

Africa

Chad

Egypt

Ethiopia

Guinea

Morocco

Somalia

Asia

Afghanistan

Ancient India (Central and South Pakistan, India, Bangladesh)

China

Main article: Dynasties in Chinese history

Central Asia

Israel

Japan

Ryūkyū

Korea

Maldives

Malaysia

Mongolia

Myanmar

Philippines

Royal Families

Sri Lanka

North
South
  • Hindu Dynasties
  • Muslim Dynasties

Saudi Arabia

Tibet

Thailand

  • Hari Pun Chai dynasty (663-1293)
  • Phra Roung dynasty (Sukhothai Empire) (1237–1438)
  • Mangrai dynasty (1261- 1578)
  • Eu Thong dynasty (1350–1370),(1388–1409)
  • Suphanabhumi dynasty (1370-1350),(1409–1569)
  • Phra Roung Dynasty (Ayuthaya Empire) (1569–1629)
  • Prasart Thong dynasty (1629–1688)
  • Bann Plu Luang dynasty (1688–1767)
  • Thonburi dynasty (1767–1782)
  • Chakri dynasty (1782–present)

Viet Nam

Champa
  • 1st dynasty (192 - 336)
  • 2nd dynasty (336 - 420)
  • 3rd dynasty (420 - 529)
  • 4th dynasty (529 - 758)
  • 5th dynasty (758 - 854)
  • 6th dynasty (854 - 989)
  • 7th dynasty (989 - 1044)
  • 8th dynasty (1044–1074)
  • 9th dynasty (1074–1139)
  • 10th dynasty (1139–1145)
  • 11th dynasty (1145–1190)
  • 12th dynasty (1190–1318)
  • 13th dynasty (1318–1390)
  • 14th dynasty (1390–1458)
  • 15th dynasty (1458–1471)
  • vacant (1471–1695)
  • Dynasty of Po Saktiraidaputih (1695–1822)

Europe

Austria

Albania

Armenia

Belgium

Bosnia

Bulgaria

Barbarians

Bavarii
Franks
Huns
Avars
Lombards
See Early kings of the Lombards.
Ostrogoths
Suebi
Vandals
Visigoths

Byzantine Empire

Croatia

Denmark

France

Georgia

Germany

Bavaria
Saxony

Hungary

Monaco

Montenegro

Iberia

Aragon
Asturias, Spain
Barcelona
Castile
León
Portugal
Spain
Before the unification of Castile and Aragon
After the unification of Castile and Aragon

Ireland

Italy

Netherlands

Norway

Turkey

Poland

Roman Empire

Romania

Russia

Serbia

Sweden

Two Sicilies

Sicily

British Isles (under English rule)

England
Ireland
Scotland
Kingdoms after the Union of the Crowns (1603-1707)

The crown of the Kingdom of England and Ireland merged with that of the Kingdom of Scotland to form a personal union between England-Ireland and Scotland (the former a personal union itself)

Personal Union between Great Britain and Ireland (1707-1801)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801-1921)
Personal Union of the UK [of GB and NI] and several other Irish states (1921-1949)
UK [of GB and NI] (Without the personal union with Ireland) (1949-present)

North America

Haiti

Mexico

Oceania

Hawaii

New Zealand Māori

Tahiti

Tonga

South America

Araucania and Patagonia

Brazil

Inca Empire

Political families in Republics

Main article: Political families of the world

Though in elected governments rule does not pass automatically by inheritance, political power often accrues to generations of related individuals even in Republics. Eminence, Influence, familiarity, tradition, genetics, and even nepotism may contribute to this phenomenon.

Family dictatorships are a slightly different concept, where political power passes within a family due to the overwhelming authority of the leader, rather than informal power accrued to the family.

Some political dynasties:

References

  1. ^ Thomson, David (1961). "The Institutions of Monarchy". Europe Since Napoleon. New York: Knopf. pp. pp. 79-80. The basic idea of monarchy was the idea that hereditary right gave the best title to political power...The dangers of disputed succession were best avoided by hereditary succession: ruling families had a natural interest in passing on to their descendants enhanced power and prestige...Frederick the Great of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, Maria Theresa of Austria, were alike infatuated with the idea of strengthening their power, centralizing government in their own hands as against local and feudal privileges, and so acquiring more absolute authority in the state. Moreover, the very dynastic rivalries and conflicts between these eighteenth-century monarchs drove them to look for ever more efficient methods of government {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  2. ^ a b THE TIMES ATLAS OF WORLD HISTORY- THIRD EDITION, ISBN, 0-7230-0304-1
  3. ^ The State of Yue
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