Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 08:45, 12 June 2013
Desktop market share for November 2012[1] |
---|
Total Windows - 86.32% |
Windows 7 - 53.15% |
Windows XP - 26.19% |
Windows Vista - 6.98% |
Non-Windows - 13.68% |
Microsoft Windows is the name of several families of computer software operating systems by Microsoft. Microsoft first introduced an operating environment named Windows in November 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUI).
General information
Basic general information about Windows.
Name | Release date | RTM Build | Current version | Status support | Source model | Codename | MS-DOS version | Kernel type | Architecture | Editions | Type | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Windows 1.0 | 1985-11-20 | ? | 1.04 (1987-04-08) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) |
Closed source | ? | ? | 16-bit | Desktop | First version of Windows | ||
Windows 2.0 | 1987-12-09 | ? | 2.03 (1987-12-09) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) |
Closed source | ? | ? | 16-bit | Desktop | |||
Windows 2.1x | 1988-05-27 | ? | 2.11 (1989-03-13) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) |
Closed source | ? | ? | 16-bit | Desktop | |||
Windows 3.0 | 1990-05-22 | ? | 3.0a Multimedia Extensions (1991-10-20) |
Unsupported (2001-12-31) |
Closed source | DOS 3.1 or higher (not included) | ? | 16-bit | Windows 3.0, Windows 3.0a, Windows 3.0a with Multimedia Extensions | Desktop | ||
Windows 3.1x | 1992-04-06 | 040 | 3.11 (1993-12-31) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) |
Closed source | 3.1: Janus; for Workgroups: Kato, Sparta; 3.11: Snowball (LB) | DOS 3.3 or higher (not included) | ? | 16-bit (partial 32-bit compatibility with Win32s) | Windows 3.1, Windows for Workgroups 3.1, Windows 3.11, Windows for Workgroups 3.11, Windows 3.2 (simplified Chinese only) | Desktop | Version number: 3.1.040 |
Windows 95 | 1995-08-24 | 950 | 4.00.950C OSR2.5 (1997-11-26) | Unsupported (2001-12-31) |
Closed source | Chicago | MS-DOS 7.0, MS-DOS 7.1 (OSR2.x) | Monolithic kernel | Hybrid 16/32-bit | Retail, OSR1, OSR2, OSR2.1, OSR2.5 | Desktop | Version number: 4.00.950 |
Windows 98 | 1998-06-25 | 1998 | 4.10.2222A (1999-04-23) | Unsupported (2006-07-11) |
Closed source | Memphis | MS-DOS 7.1 | Monolithic kernel | Hybrid 16/32-bit | First edition, Second Edition | Desktop | Version number: 4.10.1998 (Security Version 4.10.1998A) |
Windows Me | 2000-06-19 | 3000 | 4.90.3000 (2000-09-14) | Unsupported (2006-07-11) |
Closed source | Millennium | MS-DOS 8.0 | Monolithic kernel | Hybrid 16/32-bit | Desktop | Version number: 4.90.3000 (Security Version 4.90.3000A) |
Name | Release date | RTM Build | Current version | Status support | License | Codename, working name | Based on (kernel) | Supported architectures | Editions | OS type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Windows NT 3.1 | 1993-07-27 | 528 | 3.10.528 SP3 (1994-11-10) |
Unsupported (2001-12-31) |
Closed source | ? | NT 3.1 | x86-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS | Workstation, Advanced Server |
Workstation, Server |
Windows NT 3.5 | 1994-09-21 | 807 | 3.50.807 SP3 (1995-06-21) |
Unsupported (2001-12-31) |
Closed source | Daytona | NT 3.5 | x86-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS | Workstation, Server |
Workstation, Server |
Windows NT 3.51 | 1995-05-30 | 1057 | 3.51.1057 SP5 (1996-09-19) |
Unsupported (2001-12-31) |
Closed source | ? | NT 3.51 | x86-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC | Workstation, Server |
Workstation, Server |
Windows NT 4.0 | 1996-08-24 | 1381 | 4.00.1381 SP6a (1999-11-30) |
Unsupported (2004-12-31) |
Closed source | Cairo Hydra (Terminal Server) |
NT 4.0 | x86-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC | Workstation, Server, Server Enterprise Edition, Terminal Server, Embedded |
Workstation, Server, Embedded PCs |
Windows 2000 | 2000-02-17 | 2195 | 5.0 SP4 Rollup 1 v2 (2005-09-13) |
Unsupported (2010-07-13) |
Shared source | Memphis NT | NT 5.0 | x86-32, IA-64 | Professional, Server, Advanced Server, Datacenter Server, Powered (Embedded) |
Desktop, Workstation, Server, Embedded PCs |
Windows XP | 2001-10-25 | 2600 | 5.1.2600 SP3 (2008-04-21) |
Extended Support Period (2014-04-08) |
Shared source | Whistler | NT 5.1; NT 5.2 (64-bit 2003 and x64) |
x86-32, IA-64, x86-64 | Starter Edition, Home, Professional, Media Center, Tablet PC, Starter, Embedded, Home N, Home K, Home KN, Professional N, Professional K, Professional KN, Professional x64 |
Desktop, Workstation, Embedded PCs |
Windows Server 2003 | 2003-04-24 | 3790 | 5.2.3790 SP2 (2007-03-13) |
Supported | Shared source | Whistler Server, Windows .NET Server | NT 5.2 | x86-32, IA-64, x86-64 | Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web, Storage, Small Business Server, Compute Cluster |
Server, Network Appliance, Embedded PCs, HPC |
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs | 2006-07-08 | 2600 | RTM (2006-07-08) |
Supported | Shared source | Eiger, Monch | NT 5.1 | x86-32 | Fundamentals for Legacy PCs | Desktop |
Windows Vista | 2006-11-08 | 6000 (SP2: 6002) | 6.0 SP2 (2009-04-28) |
Supported | Closed source, Shared source |
Longhorn | NT 6.0 | x86-32, x86-64 | Starter, Home Basic,Home Basic N, Home Basic K, Home Basic KN, Home Premium, Home Premium K, Home Premium KN, Business, Business N, Business K, Business KN, Enterprise, Enterprise K, Enterprise KN, Ultimate, Ultimate K, Ultimate KN |
Desktop, Workstation |
Windows Server 2008 | 2008-02-27 | 6001 (SP2: 6002) | 6.0 SP2 (2008-02-27) |
Supported | Closed source, Shared source |
Longhorn Server | NT 6.0 | x86-32, IA-64, x86-64 | Web, Standard, Enterprise, Small Business Server, Datacenter, Web Core, Standard Core, Enterprise Core, Datacenter Core, Standard without HyperV, Enterprise without HyperV, Datacenter without HyperV, Standard Core without HyperV, Enterprise Core without HyperV, Datacenter Core without HyperV, HPC, HyperV Core, Foundation, Storage |
Server |
Windows Home Server | 2007-06-16 | 3790 | 5.2 | Supported | Closed source | Q, Quattro | NT 5.2 | x86-32, x86-64 | Home Server | Server |
Windows 7 |
2009-10-22[2] | 7600 (SP1: 7601) | 6.1 | Supported | Closed source, Shared source |
"7", Vienna | NT 6.1 | x86-32, x86-64 | Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, Ultimate, Enterprise, Starter N, Home Basic N, Home Premium N, Professional N, Ultimate N, Enterprise N, Starter K, Home Basic K, Home Premium K, Professional K, Ultimate K, Enterprise K, Starter KN, Home Basic KN, Home Premium KN, Professional KN, Ultimate KN, Enterprise KN, Starter E, Home Basic E, Home Premium E, Professional E, Ultimate E, Enterprise E |
Desktop, Workstation, Multi-Touch |
Windows Server 2008 R2 |
2009-10-22 | 7600 (SP1: 7601) | 6.1 | Supported | Closed source, Shared source |
"7" Server | NT 6.1 | IA-64, x86-64 | Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web, Standard Core, Enterprise Core, Datacenter Core, Web Core |
Server |
Windows Home Server 2011 | 2011-04-05 | 8400 | 6.1 | Supported | Closed source | Vail | NT 6.1 | x86-64 | Home Server | Server |
Windows Server 2012 |
2012-9-4 | 9200 | 6.2 | Supported | Closed source, Shared source |
"8" Server | NT 6.2 | x86-64 | Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web, Standard Core, Enterprise Core, Datacenter Core, Web Core |
Server |
Windows 8 | 2012-10-26 | 9200 | 6.2 | Supported | Closed source, Shared source |
"8" | NT 6.2 | x86-32, x86-64, ARM Architecture | Windows 8, Windows 8 Pro, Windows 8 Enterprise, Windows RT, Windows 8 N, Windows 8 Pro N, Windows 8 Enterprise N |
Desktop, Workstation, Multitouch |
Windows Phone 8 | 2012-10-29 | 10211 | 6.2 | Supported | Closed source, Shared source |
Apollo, Portico | NT 6.2 | ARM Architecture | Windows Phone 8 | Smartphone, Multitouch |
CE-based
Windows CE (sometimes abbreviated WinCE) is a variation of Microsoft's Windows operating system for minimalistic computers and embedded systems. Windows CE is a distinctly different kernel, rather than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows. It is supported on Intel x86 and compatibles, MIPS, ARM, and Hitachi SuperH processors.
Release date | RTM Build | Current version | Status support | License | Codename | Based on (kernel) | Kernel type | Operating environments | Editions | Purpose | Short description | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Windows CE 1.0 | November 1996 | Pegasus, Alder | CE 1.0 | Embedded | first release of Microsoft's Windows CE line for minimalistic computers and embedded systems | |||||||
Windows CE 2.0 | November 1997 | Mercury, Apollo | CE 2.0 | 2.1, 2.11 | Embedded | |||||||
Windows CE 3.0 | April 2000 | Unsupported (10/9/2007) |
Shared source | Cedar, Galileo, Rapier, Merlin, Stinger | CE 3.0 | Embedded kernel | Embedded | |||||
Windows Pocket PC 2002 | CE 3.0 | |||||||||||
Windows CE 4.0 | 7 January 2002 | Talisker | CE 4.0 | 4.1, 4.2 | Embedded | |||||||
Windows Mobile 2003 | 23 June 2003 | Ozone | CE 4.20 | |||||||||
Windows CE 5.0 | 9 July 2004 | 5.0 (9 July 2004) | Supported | Shared source | Macallan | CE 5.0 | Embedded kernel | Embedded | ||||
Windows Mobile 5.0 | 9–12 May 2005 | Magneto | CE 5.0 | |||||||||
Windows Embedded CE 6.0 | 1 November 2006 | Shared source | Yamazaki | CE 6.0 | Hybrid kernel | |||||||
Windows Mobile 6.0 | 12 February 2007 | Crossbow | CE 5.2 | |||||||||
Windows Mobile 6.1 | 1 April 2008 | various performance enhancements, a redesigned Home screen, threaded SMS, full page zooming in IE and Domain Enroll | ||||||||||
Windows Mobile 6.5 | May 18, 2009 | minor upgrade to the existing Windows Mobile platform | ||||||||||
Windows Phone 7 | November 8, 2010 | Photon | CE 6.0 | major update to the platform, merging Smartphone and Pocket PC. | ||||||||
Windows Phone 7.5 | November , 2011 | Mango | CE 6.1 | update of Windows Phone. | ||||||||
Windows Phone 7.8 | January , 2013 | CE 6.1 | update of Windows Phone. |
Technical information
Name | Kernel | Kernel type | Architecture | Integrated firewall | SMP support | Multiple architecture support | USB Support | UDMA Support | Long Filename Support | Update management | APIs | Safe Mode |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Windows 1.0 | ? | ? | 16-bit | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Win16 | No |
Windows 2.0 | ? | ? | 16-bit | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Win16 | No |
Windows 3.0 | ? | ? | 16-bit | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Win16 | No |
Windows 3.1x | ? (OS or shell?) | ? | 16-bit (partial 32-bit compatibility through Win32s) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Win16, Win32s | No |
Windows 95 | MS-DOS 7.0, MS-DOS 7.1 (Win95B) | Monolithic kernel | H | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Windows Update | Win16, Win32 | Yes | ||
Windows Me | MS-DOS 8.0 | Monolithic kernel | Hybrid 16/32-bit | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Windows Update | Win16, Win32 | Yes |
The NT kernel powers all recent Windows operating systems. It runs on x86, x86-64 and Itanium processors.
Name | Kernel | Architecture | Integrated firewall | SMP support | Multiple architecture support | USB Support | UDMA Support | Long File Name Support | Package management | Update management | APIs | Safe Mode | Data Execution Prevention |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Windows NT 3.1 | NT 3.1 | 32-bit | No | Yes | Yes | No | ? | Yes (NTFS and HPFS Volumes only) | Win32, OS/2, POSIX | No | No | ||
Windows NT 3.5 | NT 3.5 | 32-bit | No | Yes | Yes | No | ? | Yes (Except on CDFS volumes) | Win32, OS/2, POSIX | No | No | ||
Windows NT 3.51 | NT 3.51 | 32-bit | No | Yes | Yes | No | ? | Yes (Except on CDFS volumes) | Win32, OS/2, POSIX | No | No | ||
Windows NT 4.0 | NT 4.0 | 32-bit | No | Yes | Yes | Yes (if the Ion USB update is installed) | Yes | Yes | Windows Update (if Internet Explorer 5 or later is installed) | Win32, OS/2, POSIX | No | No | |
Windows 2000 | NT 5.0 | 32/64-bit | No | Yes | Yes (IA-64/Itanium in Advanced Server and Datacenter Server) | Yes (USB 2.0 with update or SP4)[3] | Yes | Yes | MSI, custom installers | Windows Update | Win32, OS/2, POSIX | Yes | No |
Windows XP | NT 5.1.2600; NT 5.2.3790 | 32/64-bit | Yes | Yes (Professional Edition only) | Yes (IA-64/Itanium, x86, x86-64) | Yes (USB 2.0 with update or SP1+)[4] | Yes | Yes | MSI, custom installers | Windows Update | Win32, .NET | Yes | Yes (in SP2) |
Windows Server 2003 | NT 5.2.3790 | 32/64-bit | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (USB 2.0)[5] | Yes | Yes | MSI, custom installers | Windows Update | Win32 | Yes | Yes (in SP1) |
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs | NT 5.1.2600 | 32-bit | Yes | ? | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | MSI, custom installers | Windows Update | Win32 | Yes | Yes |
Windows Vista | NT 6.0.6000 ; NT 6.0.6001 (SP1) ; NT 6.0.6002 (SP2) | 32/64-bit | Yes | Yes | Yes (x86, x86-64) | Yes (USB 2.0) | Yes | Yes | MSI, custom installers | Windows Update Application | Win32, .NET, POSIX (only Enterprise and Ultimate) | Yes | Yes |
Windows Server 2008 | NT 6.0.6001 ; NT 6.0.6002 (SP2) | 32/64-bit | Yes | Yes | Yes (IA-64/Itanium, x86, x86-64) | Yes (USB 2.0) | Yes | Yes | Windows Update Application | Win32 | Yes | Yes | |
Windows Home Server | NT 5.2 | 32-bit | ? | ? | ? | Yes (USB 2.0) | ? | Yes | Win32 | ? | ? | ||
Windows 7 | NT 6.1 | 32/64-bit | Yes | Yes | Yes (x86, x86-64) | Yes (USB 2.0) | Yes | Yes | Windows Update Application | Win32, .NET | Yes | Yes | |
Windows Server 2008 R2 | NT 6.1 | 64-bit | Yes | Yes | Yes (IA-64/Itanium, x86-64) | Yes (USB 2.0) | Yes | Yes | Windows Update Application | Win32, .NET | Yes | Yes | |
Windows Home Server 2011 | NT 6.1 | 64-bit | ? | ? | ? | Yes (USB 2.0) | ? | Yes | Win32 | ? | ? | ||
Windows Server 2012 | NT 6.2 | 64-bit | Yes | Yes | No (x86-64) | Yes (USB 3.0) | Yes | Yes | Windows Update Application | Win32, .NET, WinRT | Yes | Yes | |
Windows 8 | NT 6.2 | 32/64-bit | Yes | Yes | Yes (x86, x86-64,ARM) | Yes (USB 3.0) | Yes | Yes | Windows Update Application | Win32, .NET, WinRT | Yes | Yes | |
Windows Phone 8 | NT 6.2 | 32bit | Yes | Yes | No (ARM) | Yes (USB 2.0) | Yes | Yes | Windows Update | WinRT | Yes | Yes |
Supported file systems
Various versions of Windows support various file systems, including: FAT16, FAT32, HPFS, or NTFS, along with network file systems shared from other computers, and the ISO 9660 and UDF file systems used for CDs, DVDs, and other optical discs such as Blu-ray. Each file system is usually limited in application to certain media, for example CDs must use ISO 9660 or UDF, and as of Windows Vista, NTFS is the only file system which the operating system can be installed on. Windows Embedded CE 6.0, Windows Vista Service Pack 1, and Windows Server 2008 onwards support ExFAT, a file system more suitable for flash drives.
FAT16 | FAT32 | HPFS | ISO9660 | NTFS | UDF | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Windows 95 | Yes | Yes (OSR2 or above) | Network Drive | Yes | Network Drive | No |
Windows 98 | Yes | Yes | Network Drive | Yes | Network Drive | Yes (1.5, read) |
Windows Me | Yes | Yes | Network Drive | Yes | Network Drive | Yes (1.5, read) |
FAT16 | FAT32 | HPFS | ISO9660 | NTFS | UDF (More Info) | ReFS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Windows NT 3.1, 3.5, 3.51 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes v1.0/v1.1 | ? | No |
Windows NT 4.0 | Yes | No | Partial | Yes | Yes v1.2 | ? | No |
Windows 2000 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v3.0 | Yes | No |
Windows XP | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v3.1 | Yes (2.01) | No |
Windows Server 2003 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v3.1 | Yes | No |
Windows Vista | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v5 | Yes (2.6) | No |
Windows Server 2008 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v5 | Yes | No |
Windows 7 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v5 | Yes (2.6) | No |
Windows Server 2008 R2 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v5 | Yes (2.6) | No |
Windows Server 2012 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v5 | Yes (2.6) | Yes |
Windows 8 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes v5 | Yes (2.6) | No |
Windows Phone 8 | Yes | Yes | No | ? | Yes v5 | ? | No |
Hardware requirements
Minimum/recommended system requirements (for x86 processors)
CPU | RAM | Free disk space | Video adapter and monitor | Drives | Devices | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Windows 95 | 386 | 4 MB | 120 MB | |||
Windows 98 | 486 DX2 66 MHz | 16 MB | 300 MB | |||
Windows Me (Millennium Edition) | Pentium 150 MHz | 32 MB | 400 MB |
CPU | RAM | Free disk space | Video adapter and monitor | Drives | Devices | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Windows NT Workstation 3.51 | 386, 25 MHz | 8 MB | 90 MB | |||
Windows NT 4.0 Workstation | 486, 33 MHz | 12 MB | 110 MB | |||
Windows 2000 Professional | Pentium, 133 MHz | 32 MB | 650 MB | VGA (640 x 480) or higher resolution | CD-ROM | Keyboard and mouse |
Windows XP | Pentium MMX, 233 MHz | 64 MB | 1.5 GB | Super VGA (800 x 600) or higher resolution | CD-ROM or DVD-ROM | Keyboard and mouse |
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs | Pentium, 233 MHz | 64 MB | 500 MB | |||
Windows Vista | Pentium III, 800 MHz | 512 MB/1 GB or higher recommended | 15 GB (may be installed with as few as 7GB) | Super VGA (800 x 600) or higher resolution | DVD-ROM | |
Windows Server 2008 | 1 GHz (x86) or 1.4 GHz (x64) | 512 MB RAM (may limit performance and some features) | 10 GB | Super VGA (800 x 600) or higher resolution | DVD-ROM | Keyboard and mouse |
Windows 7 | 1 GHz (x86/64) | 1 GB or higher recommended (2 GB or Higher for x64) | 16 GB (installs in 7 GB) | 128MB (Aero) | DVD-ROM | Keyboard and mouse or touchscreen |
Windows Server 2012 | 1.4 GHz (x64) | 512 MB RAM (may limit performance and some features) | 10 GB | Super VGA (800 x 600) or higher resolution | DVD-ROM | Keyboard and mouse or touchscreen |
Windows 8 | 1 GHz (x86/64) | 1 GB or higher recommended (2 GB or Higher for x64) | 20 GB (installs in 7 GB) | 128MB (Aero) | DVD-ROM | Keyboard and mouse or touchscreen |
Windows Phone 8 | 1 GHz | 512 MB | 8 GB | WVGA (800 x 480) or higher resolution | touchscreen |
Physical memory limits
Maximum limits on physical memory (RAM) that Windows can address vary depending on the both the Windows version and between 32-bit (x86-32) and 64-bit (x86-64) versions.[6][7]
Version | Limit in 32-bit Windows | Limit in 64-bit Windows |
---|---|---|
Windows 95 | 480 MB [8] | — |
Windows 98 | 1 GB | — |
Windows Me | 1.5 GB | — |
Version | Limit in 32-bit Windows | Limit in 64-bit Windows |
---|---|---|
Windows NT 4.0 | 4 GB | — |
Windows 2000 Professional\Server | 4 GB | — |
Windows 2000 Advanced Server\Datacenter Server | 4 GB | 64 GB |
Windows XP Starter Edition | 512 MB | — |
Windows XP Home | 4 GB | — |
Windows XP Professional | 4 GB | 128 GB |
Windows Server 2003 Small Business Edition | 4 GB | 128 GB |
Windows Server 2003 Standard SP1 | 4 GB | 32 GB |
Windows Server 2003 Enterprise SP2\Datacenter SP2\ | 64 GB | 1 TB |
Windows Server 2003 R2 Standard | 4 GB | 1 TB |
Windows Server 2003 R2 Enterprise\Datacenter | 64 GB | 1 TB |
Windows Vista Starter | 1 GB | — |
Windows Vista Home Basic | 4 GB | 8 GB |
Windows Vista Home Premium | 4 GB | 16 GB |
Windows Vista Enterprise\Ultimate | 4 GB | 128 GB |
Windows Server 2008 Web Server\Standard | 4 GB | 32 GB |
Windows Server 2008 Enterprise\Datacenter | 64 GB | 1 TB |
Windows 7 Starter | 2 GB | — |
Windows 7 Home Basic | 4 GB | 8 GB |
Windows 7 Home Premium | 4 GB | 16 GB |
Windows 7 Professional\Enterprise\Ultimate | 4 GB | 192 GB |
Windows Server 2008 R2 Web Server\Standard | — | 32 GB |
Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise\Datacenter | — | 2 TB |
Windows Server 2012 Web Server\Standard | — | 32 GB |
Windows Server 2012 Enterprise\Datacenter | — | 4 TB |
Windows RT | 4 GB | — |
Windows 8 | 4 GB | 128 GB |
Windows 8 Pro\Enterprise | 4 GB | 512 GB |
Windows Phone 8 | 4 GB | — |
Security features
Resource access control | Subsystem isolation mechanisms | Integrated firewall | Encrypted file systems | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Windows 2000 | ACLs | TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes (NTFS Only) | |
Windows XP | ACLs | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall (From SP2), TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes (NTFS Only) |
Windows Server 2003 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes |
Windows Vista | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes |
Windows Server 2008 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes |
Windows 7 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes |
Windows Server 2012 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes |
Windows 8 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec | Yes |
Features
Version | Shell | Theme | Internet Explorer | Web server | Windows Media Player | Command-line interpreter |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Windows 1.0 | MS-DOS executive | No | ||||
Windows 2.0 | MS-DOS executive | No | ||||
Windows 3.0 | Program Manager | No | ||||
Windows 3.1x | Program Manager | No | ||||
Windows 95 | Windows Explorer | 2.0 in OSR1, 3.0 in OSR2 and OSR2.1, 4.0 in OSR2.5 | COMMAND.COM | |||
Windows NT 4.0 | Windows Explorer | 2.0 | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe | |||
Windows 98 | Windows Explorer | 4.01 | PWS | COMMAND.COM | ||
Windows 98 SE | Windows Explorer | 5.0 | PWS | 6.0 | COMMAND.COM | |
Windows 2000 | Windows Explorer | 5.01 | IIS 5.0 | 6.4 | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe | |
Windows Me | Windows Explorer | 5.5 | 7.0 | COMMAND.COM | ||
Windows XP | Windows Explorer | Luna (Blue standard) | 6.0 | IIS 5.1 | 8 (9 in SP2) | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, Windows PowerShell (optional) |
Windows Server 2003 | Windows Explorer | Classic (Luna can be enabled with Theme Service) | 6.0 | IIS 6.0 | 9 (10 in SP1) | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, Windows PowerShell (optional) |
Windows Vista | Windows Explorer | Aero Glass | 7.0 | IIS 7 | 11 | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, Windows PowerShell (optional) |
Windows Server 2008 | Windows Explorer | Classic (Aero can be enabled by installing "Desktop Experience") | 7.0 | IIS 7 | 11 (enabled by installing "Desktop Experience") | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, Windows PowerShell (optional) |
Windows 7 | Windows Explorer | Aero Glass | 8.0 | IIS 7.5 | 12 | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, Windows PowerShell V2 |
Windows Server 2008 R2 | Windows Explorer | Classic (Aero can be enabled by installing "Desktop Experience") | 8.0 | IIS 7.5 | 12 (enabled by installing "Desktop Experience") | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, Windows PowerShell V2 |
Windows Server 2012 | Windows Explorer | Classic-Metro, (Aero-Metro can be enabled by installing "Desktop Experience") | 10.0 | IIS 8 | 12 (enabled by installing "Desktop Experience") | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, Windows PowerShell V3 |
Windows 8 | Windows Explorer | Aero Modern | 10.0 | IIS 8 | 12 | COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, Windows PowerShell V3 |
See also
- List of Microsoft Windows versions
- List of operating systems
- Comparison of operating systems
- Comparison of kernels
- Comparison of Windows Vista and Windows XP
- History of Microsoft Windows
- Comparison of DOS operating systems
Other Microsoft operating systems
- Xenix - licensed version of Unix; sold to SCO in the '90s
- OS/2 - developed jointly with IBM
- DOS
- MS-DOS - developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.0–6.22
- MSX-DOS - developed by MS Japan for the MSX 8-bit computer
- MDOS/MIDAS - designed for the 8080/Z80 microprocessors in 1979
- Cairo (operating system) - a cancelled "true object-oriented OS" planned after Windows NT
- Singularity - Microsoft Research project started in 2003 to build a highly-dependable operating system in which the kernel, device driver, and applications are all written in managed code
- WinPE - lightweight version of Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista or Windows 8 that is used for the deployment of workstations and servers by large corporations.
- Windows To Go: Windows 8 feature that runs the entire system from a USB device
Windows clones, emulators, etc.
- Freedows OS - Windows clone
- TinyKRNL - open source kernel based on Windows's NT design
- ReactOS - project to develop an operating system that is binary-compatible with application software and device drivers for Microsoft Windows NT version 5.x
- E/OS - Linux distribution which allow to execute programs that were originally written for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, BeOS, OS/2, DOS, and Linux
- Wine (software) - compatibility layer which allows to execute programs that were originally written for Microsoft Windows
Further reading
References
- ^ "StatCounter Operating System Market Share". November 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2012. Courtesy of StatCounter, a web analytics company which obtains its data from an average of 15 billion hits per month, by people from all over the world onto their 3 million+ member sites.
- ^ LeBlanc, Brandon (June 2, 2009). "The Date for General Availability (GA) of Windows 7 is..." The Windows Blog. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ^ "Updated USB 2.0 Drivers Are Available in Windows 2000 Service Pack 4 (SP4)". Microsoft Support. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ^ Jones, Don (August 5, 2002). "USB 2.0 Support in Windows XP: High Speed at Last". Microsoft. Archived from the original on December 31, 2004. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ^ "USB 2.0 and Windows Operating Systems". Windows Hardware Development. May 11, 2007. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ^ "What is the maximum amount of RAM the Windows operating system can handle?". Crucial. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ^ "Memory Limits for Windows Releases". Microsoft. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
- ^ Chen, Raymond. "Windows 95 doesn't boot with more than 1GB of RAM".
External links
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