Jump to content

Malaysia Airlines Flight 370: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Note
Ceecookie (talk | contribs)
302 edits
m changed info box back to earlier edit
Line 9: Line 9:
| caption = The missing aircraft, registration 9M-MRO, in 2011
| caption = The missing aircraft, registration 9M-MRO, in 2011
| date = 8 March 2014<!-- Please do NOT add counters etc. here -->
| date = 8 March 2014<!-- Please do NOT add counters etc. here -->
| summary = Missing<!-- DO NOT EDIT THIS WITHOUT FORMING CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE FIRST -->
| summary = Missing; presumed lost at sea <br/><!-- DO NOT EDIT THIS WITHOUT FORMING CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE FIRST -->
| site = Southern [[Indian Ocean]] (presumed)<!-- Please do NOT add coordinates unless the accident site is confirmed, as it is all speculation at this point See TALK PAGE.-->
| site = Southern [[Indian Ocean]] (presumed)<!-- Please do NOT add coordinates unless the accident site is confirmed, as it is all speculation at this point See TALK PAGE.-->
| coordinates = <!-- Please do NOT add coordinates unless the accident site is confirmed, as it is all speculation at this point See TALK PAGE.-->
| coordinates = <!-- Please do NOT add coordinates unless the accident site is confirmed, as it is all speculation at this point See TALK PAGE.-->
Line 17: Line 17:
| passengers = 227
| passengers = 227
| crew = 12
| crew = 12
| fatalities = All 239 (presumed) <!-- Not confirmed -->
| injuries = <!-- Not needed -->
| injuries = <!-- Not needed -->
| survivors = None (unconfirmed)
| survivors = 0 (presumed)<!-- Not confirmed -->
| origin = [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport]]
| origin = [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport]]
| destination = [[Beijing Capital International Airport]]
| destination = [[Beijing Capital International Airport]]

Revision as of 17:18, 25 March 2014

Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
The missing aircraft, registration 9M-MRO, in 2011
Incident
Date8 March 2014
SummaryMissing; presumed lost at sea
SiteSouthern Indian Ocean (presumed)
Aircraft
Aircraft typeBoeing 777-2H6ER
OperatorMalaysia Airlines
Registration9M-MRO
Flight originKuala Lumpur International Airport
DestinationBeijing Capital International Airport
Passengers227
Crew12
FatalitiesAll 239 (presumed)
Survivors0 (presumed)

Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 (MH370/MAS370)[a] was a scheduled international passenger flight that disappeared on 8 March 2014 en route from Kuala Lumpur International Airport to Beijing Capital International Airport. The aircraft, a Boeing 777-200ER, last made contact with air traffic control less than an hour after takeoff. Operated by Malaysia Airlines (MAS), the aircraft carried 12 crew members and 227 passengers from 15 nations and regions, the majority of passengers being Chinese citizens.

On the same day that contact with the aircraft was lost, a joint search and rescue effort, later reported as the largest in history,[2] was initiated in the Gulf of Thailand and the South China Sea.[3][4] The search area was later extended to include the Strait of Malacca and the Andaman Sea.[5][6][7] On 15 March, in the wake of media reports that US investigators believed the aircraft had headed west back across the Malay Peninsula after air traffic control lost contact and that a satellite had continued to receive "pings" from the aircraft,[8][9][10][11] the search was expanded to include the Indian Ocean. By 18 March, 26 countries were participating in the search.[12]

On 20 March, a series of satellite images showing potential aircraft debris in the southern Indian Ocean southwest of Australia prompted increased search activity in the area.[13] Further possible debris was spotted in the vicinity by Australian and Chinese military aircraft on 24 March.[14] That same day, officials with both Malaysia Airlines and the Malaysian government stated that while the plane's whereabouts were still not known, "unparalleled" analyses by the United Kingdom's Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) and UK satellite company Inmarsat indicated that it had crashed into the southern Indian Ocean. It was presumed there were no survivors.[15][16][17]

Disappearance

The flight departed from Kuala Lumpur International Airport on 8 March at 00:41 local time (16:41 UTC, 7 March) and was scheduled to land at Beijing Capital International Airport at 06:30 local time (22:30 UTC, 7 March). It climbed to its assigned cruise altitude of 35,000 feet (11,000 m) and was travelling at 471 knots (542 mph; 872 km/h) true airspeed when it ceased all communications and the transponder signal was lost. The aircraft's last known position on 8 March at 01:21 local time (17:21 UTC, 7 March) was 6°55′15″N 103°34′43″E / 6.92083°N 103.57861°E / 6.92083; 103.57861, corresponding to the navigational waypoint IGARI in the Gulf of Thailand, at which the aircraft was due to alter its course slightly eastward.[18] Military tracking shows that the aircraft descended as low as 12,000 feet (3,700 m) after taking a sharp turn toward the Strait of Malacca. The sharp turn seemed to be intentional as normally it would have taken two minutes for the aircraft to make such a turn, and during that time there was no emergency call.[19]

The crew were expected to contact air traffic control in Ho Chi Minh City as the aircraft passed into Vietnamese airspace just north of the point where contact was lost.[20][21] The captain of another aircraft had attempted to reach the crew of Flight 370 "just after 1:30 a.m." to relay Vietnamese Air Traffic Control's request for the crew to contact it; the captain said he was able to establish contact, but just heard "mumbling" and static.[22]

Malaysia Airlines (MAS) issued a media statement at 07:24, one hour after the scheduled arrival of the flight at Beijing, stating that contact with the flight had been lost by Malaysian ATC at 02:40. MAS stated that the government had initiated search and rescue operations.[23] It later emerged that Subang Air Traffic Control had lost contact with the aircraft at 01:22 and notified Malaysia Airlines at 02:40. Neither the crew nor the aircraft's onboard communication systems relayed a distress signal, indications of bad weather, or technical problems before the aircraft vanished from radar screens.[24][25] The last words that Malaysian air traffic controllers heard, at 01:19, were those of the co-pilot saying, "All right, good night."[26]

Timeline of disappearance

Route: Kuala Lumpur – Beijing. Inserted: initial search areas and known path. Small red squares: radar contacts. Small circles: claimed spotting of debris.
Elapsed (HH:MM) Time Event
MYT UTC
00:00 8 March 7 March Take-off from Kuala Lumpur
00:41 16:41
00:20 01:01 17:01 MH370 confirms altitude of 35,000 feet (11,000 m)[27]
00:26 01:07 17:07 Last ACARS data transmission received;[28] MH370 reconfirms altitude of 35,000 feet[27]
00:38 01:19 17:19 Last Malaysian ATC voice contact[26]
00:40 01:21 17:21 Last secondary radar (transponder) contact at 6°55′15″N 103°34′43″E
00:41 01:22 17:22 Transponder and ADS-B now off
00:49 01:30 17:30 Unsuccessful voice contact from another aircraft, mumbling/static audible[22]
00:56 01:37 17:37 Missed expected half-hourly ACARS data transmission[28]
01:30 02:11 18:11 First of seven automated hourly ACARS contacts with Inmarsat 3F1 satellite
01:34 02:15 18:15 Last primary radar contact by Malaysian military, 200 miles (320 km) NW of Penang
05:49 06:30 22:30 Missed scheduled arrival in Beijing
07:30 08:11 00:11 Last automated hourly ACARS contact with Inmarsat satellite[29][30]
07:38 08:19 00:19 Unscheduled partial ACARS "ping" received [31]
07:49 08:30 00:30 Reported missing[32]

Subsequent communication

Flightdeck view of 9M-MRO in 2004, showing many of the communication systems now under investigation

New Scientist reported that, prior to the aircraft's disappearance, two ACARS reports had been automatically issued to engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce's monitoring centre in the United Kingdom;[33] and The Wall Street Journal, citing sources in the US government, asserted that Rolls-Royce had received an aircraft health report every thirty minutes for five hours, implying that the aircraft had remained aloft for four hours after its transponder went offline.[34][35][36]

The following day, the acting Transport Minister of Malaysia refuted the details of The Wall Street Journal report stating that the final engine transmission was received at 01:07, prior to the flight's disappearance from secondary radar.[36] Follow-up reporting by Reuters suggested that the evidence may have taken the form of "pings" sent by the aircraft's communication systems, and possibly not data (telemetry reports).[37]

The Wall Street Journal later amended its report and stated simply that the belief of continued flight was "based on analysis of signals sent by the Boeing 777's satellite-communication link... the link operated in a kind of standby mode and sought to establish contact with a satellite or satellites. These transmissions did not include data..."[9][10] Inmarsat said that "routine, automated signals were registered" on its network,[38] although a company executive did add that "keep-alive message[s]" continued to be sent after air traffic control first lost contact and that these "ping signals" could be analysed to help estimate the aircraft's location.[39]

On 14 March, The Independent stated, based on the continued pinging by the aircraft, that it could not have disintegrated in mid-flight or had other sudden catastrophic occurrence: "All signals – the pings to the satellite, the data messages and the transponder – would be expected to stop at the same time."[18] After the attacks of 11 September 2001, in which three of the hijacked aircraft had their transponders switched off,[40] there was a call for automated transponders;[40] however, no changes were made as aviation experts opted for a flexible control, in case resetting was required due to malfunction or an electrical emergency.[40]

According to Chinese media, relatives heard ringing tones when calling to the passengers.[41] However, these were discounted as Flight 370 was not equipped with a base station for in-flight cellphone contact,[41] and the distance from a transmission tower, flight altitude, and shielding by the aircraft body all made possible transmissions extremely unlikely.[41]

Presumed lost

On 24 March, following two weeks of search, Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak said:

Using a type of analysis never before used in an investigation of this sort... Inmarsat and the AAIB have concluded that MH370 flew along the southern corridor, and that its last position was in the middle of the Indian Ocean, west of Perth. This is a remote location, far from any possible landing sites. It is therefore with deep sadness and regret that I must inform you that, according to this new data, flight MH370 ended in the southern Indian Ocean.[42][b]

Just before Najib spoke at 10 pm Malaysia Standard Time, Malaysia Airlines notified the families of the passengers that Flight 370 was presumed lost with no survivors. It notified most of the families in person or via telephone, and some received the following SMS:

Malaysia Airlines deeply regrets that we have to assume beyond any reasonable doubt that MH370 has been lost and that none of those on board survived. As you will hear in the next hour from Malaysia’s Prime Minister, we must now accept all evidence suggests the plane went down in the Southern Indian Ocean.[45][46]

If the official presumption of no survivors holds, it would be the deadliest aviation accident in the Indian Ocean,[47] the deadliest in the history of Malaysian Airlines (surpassing the 1977 hijacking and crash of Malaysian Airline System Flight 653 which killed all 100 passengers and crew), and the deadliest involving a Boeing 777.

Search

Estimated route

File:MH370 last ping corridors.jpg
Possible last known locations of Flight 370 in red, based on final satellite ping at 08:11 Malaysia time

On 11 March, it was reported that military radar indicated the aircraft had turned west and continued flying for 70 minutes before disappearing off the Malaysian radar near Pulau Perak,[48][49] and that it was tracked flying at a lower altitude across Malaysia to the Malacca Strait. This location was approximately 500 kilometres (310 mi) from its last contact with civilian radar.[50] The next day, the Royal Malaysian Air Force chief distanced himself from the report saying it should not be misinterpreted.[51][52] According to the Vietnamese Deputy Minister of Transport, Pham Quy Tieu, "We informed Malaysia on the day we lost contact with the flight that we noticed the flight turned back west but Malaysia did not respond."[53]

US experts, assigned to assist with the investigation in a low-key manner consistent with conventions of responsibilities,[54] analysed the radar data and subsequently reported that the radar data did indeed indicate that the aircraft had headed west back across the Malay Peninsula, with Reuters and The New York Times saying that the route changes suggested that the aircraft remained under a trained pilot's control.[8][10][55] The New York Times also said the aircraft experienced significant changes in altitude.[8]

Although Bloomberg News said that analysis of the last satellite "ping" received suggested a last known location approximately 1,000 miles (1,600 km) west of Perth, Western Australia,[56] the Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak on 15 March said that the last signal, received at 08:11 Malaysian time, might have originated from as far north as Kazakhstan.[57] Najib explained that the signals could not be more precisely located than to one of two possible loci: a northern locus stretching approximately from the border of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan to northern Thailand, or a southern locus stretching from Indonesia to the southern Indian Ocean.[58] None of the countries on a possible northerly flight route – China, Thailand, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, and India – stated that there was any evidence that the aircraft ever entered their airspace.[59]

Although it was later confirmed that the last ACARS transmission showed nothing unusual and a normal routing all the way to Beijing,[60] The New York Times reported "senior American officials" saying on 17 March that the scheduled flight path was pre-programmed to unspecified western coordinates through the flight management system before the ACARS stopped functioning,[61] and a new waypoint "far off the path to Beijing" was added.[61] With such a reprogramming the aircraft would make a banked turn at a comfortable angle of around 20 degrees and the passengers would not feel anything unusual. The sudden cessation of all on-board communication led to suppositions that the aircraft's disappearance may have been due to foul play.[61]

Location

Satellite images of possible debris
Chinese satellite image released on 22 March of 44°57'30 S 90°13'40 E
Chinese image released on 22 March of 44°57′30″S 90°13′40″E / 44.95833°S 90.22778°E / -44.95833; 90.22778
Location of satellite images of possible debris, one in South China Sea and two in south Indan Ocean
Map of locations published 1: 12 March (disproved), 2: 20–23 March

Early search efforts generated multiple false leads. An admiral of the Vietnamese Navy reported that radar contact with the aircraft was last made over the Gulf of Thailand.[24][62] Oil slicks detected off the coast of Vietnam on 8 and 9 March later tested negative for aviation fuel.[63][64] Alleged discovery of debris about 80 km (50 mi) south of Thổ Chu Island on 9 March was also found to be not from an aircraft.[65] Searches following a Chinese website's satellite images, taken on 9 March, showing three floating objects measuring up to 24 by 22 metres (79 ft × 72 ft) at 6°42′N 105°38′E / 6.7°N 105.63°E / 6.7; 105.63 also turned up blank;[66][67] Vietnamese officials said the area had been "searched thoroughly".[68][69]

The Royal Thai Navy shifted its focus in the search away from the Gulf of Thailand and the South China Sea at the request of its Malaysian counterpart, which was investigating the possibility that the aircraft had turned around and could have gone down in the Andaman Sea, near Thailand's border.[70] The chief of the Royal Malaysian Air Force, Rodzali Daud, claimed that military recordings of radar signals did not exclude the possibility of the aircraft turning back on its flight path.[71][72] The search radius was increased from the original 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) from its last known position,[73] south of Thổ Chu Island, to 100 nautical miles (190 km; 120 mi), and the area being examined then extended to the Strait of Malacca along the west coast of the Malay Peninsula, with waters both to the east of Malaysia in the Gulf of Thailand, and in the Strait of Malacca along Malaysia's west coast, being searched.[4][74][75]

On 12 March, authorities also began to search the Andaman Sea, northwest of the Strait of Malacca, and the Malaysian government requested help from India to search in the area.[76] On 13 March, the White House Press Secretary said "an additional search area may be opened in the Indian Ocean based on some new information"[34][77] and a senior official at The Pentagon told ABC News: "We have an indication the plane went down in the Indian Ocean."[78] On 17 March, Australia agreed to lead the search in the southern locus from Sumatra to the southern Indian Ocean.[79][80] The search would be coordinated by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA), with an area of 600,000 km2 (230,000 sq mi) between Australia and the Kerguelen Islands lying more than 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) from Perth to be searched by ships and aircraft of Australia, New Zealand and the United States.[81]

On 17 March, Malaysian authorities corrected a previous misconception that ACARS was turned off at 01:07,[25] and clarified that ACARS had been switched off sometime between 01:07 and the next scheduled ACARS contact, due at 01:37.[82]

On 20 March, the Prime Minister of Australia, Tony Abbott, announced in parliament that two objects that might be related to the aircraft, one of them 24 m (79 ft) long, had been spotted by a satellite in the Indian Ocean on 16 March, 2,500 km (1,600 mi) south-west of Perth (coordinates 44°03′02″S 91°13′27″E / 44.05056°S 91.22417°E / -44.05056; 91.22417), where the ocean depth could reach 5,000 metres (16,000 ft).[13][83][84][85] An Australian Lockheed P-3 Orion maritime patrol aircraft arrived in the area at 02:50 UTC. The Australian naval ship HMAS Success, Myanmar naval vessels, a United States Navy Boeing P-8 Poseidon maritime patrol aircraft, two more Orions (one Australian and one from New Zealand), and a Lockheed C-130 Hercules cargo aircraft were also tasked to the area.[86] Two Chinese military Ilyushin Il-76 cargo aircraft joined the search the following day.[87][88] and two Japanese Orions arrived at RAAF Base Pearce to assist.[89] Civilian aircraft and ships also assisted in the search.[86][90][91][92]

On 22 March, a Chinese satellite image was released, from four days earlier, of potential debris, at a location about 120 km (75 mi) south west of the area shown in the earlier images.[93][94][95] The object's size was estimated at 22.5 m × 13 m (74 ft × 43 ft), at coordinates 44°57′29″S 90°13′43″E / 44.95806°S 90.22861°E / -44.95806; 90.22861, near one of the 45×90 points approximately 3,170 km (1,970 mi) south west of Perth.

On 24 March the United States Navy announced plans to send a TPL-25 towed pinger locator to the area where Flight 370 is believed to have come down. The Department of Defense described it as a "precautionary measure" to aid the search for the underwater locator beacons fitted to the aircraft's "black boxes" if the debris field is located.[96]

International participation

Crew on board USS Kidd searching in the Andaman Sea on 17 March 2014
Chinese PLAAF Ilyushin Il-76 arriving at Perth Airport on 21 March 2014
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Search of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.

In response to the incident, the Malaysian government mobilised its civil aviation department, air force, navy, and Maritime Enforcement Agency; and requested international assistance under Five Power Defence Arrangements provisions and from neighbouring states. Various nations mounted a search and rescue mission in the region's waters.[97][98] Within two days, the countries had already dispatched more than 34 aircraft and 40 ships to the area.[4][5][75] The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission analysed information from its network of infrasound detection stations, but failed to find any sounds made by Flight 370.[99]

On 11 March,[100] Chinese authorities[101] activated the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters, a 15 member international organisation whose purpose is to "...provide a unified system of space data acquisition and delivery to those affected by natural or man-made disasters through Authorized Users."[102]

Another 11 countries joined the search efforts by 17 March, after more assistance was requested by Malaysia, bringing the total to 26.[12] While not participating in the search itself, Sri Lanka gave permission for search aircraft to use its airspace.[103] Assets deployed by Malaysia included military fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters.[104] and vessels from the navy and Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency.[104][105][106] A co-ordination centre at the National Disaster Control Centre (NDCC) in Pulau Meranti, Cyberjaya was established.[107] Other nations provided the following assets:

  1. Australia: air force P-3 maritime patrol aircraft;[108] navy ship HMAS Success and four long-range civilian jets[90] dispatched after possible debris sightings.[109]
  2. Bangladesh: navy frigates BNS Bangabandhu and BNS Umar Farooq; navy Dornier Do 228 maritime patrol aircraft.[110]
  3. Brunei: Darussalam-class offshore patrol vessel.[111]
  4. Cambodia: Harbin Z-9 helicopters and P46-type navy ships.[112]
  5. China (PRC): Type 053H3 frigate Mianyang, marine police vessel No. 3411,[113] Type 052C destroyer Haikou, Type 071 amphibious transport dock JinggangShan, KunlunShan, patrol ship Haixun 31, Type 925 submarine support ship Yongxingdao,[114] research vessel Xuelong, rescue ship Haixun 01, and merchant ships,[115] rescue vessel Nanhaijiu 101 and Type 903 replenishment ship Qiandaohu.[116] Furthermore, several of its military satellites were retasked,[117] and two of its Ilyushin Il-76s were deployed to RAAF Base Pearce near Perth to assist the search in the southern Indian Ocean.[32][118][119]
  6. France: a team from the Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile (BEA).[120]
  7. India: surface and airborne assets from the Andaman and Nicobar Command and Eastern Naval Command: navy ships INS Satpura, INS Sahyadri, INS Saryu, INS Batti Malv, INS Kesari and INS Kumbhir; coast guard vessels ICGS Kanaklata Baruah, ICGS Bhikaji Cama and ICGS Sagar;[121] navy Boeing P-8 maritime surveillance aircraft;[122] navy and coast guard Dornier Do 228s;[123] air force C-130 Hercules[123] and Mil Mi-17.[124] Rukmini naval satellite.[124]
  8. Indonesia: corvette KRI Sutanto, patrol boat KRI Siribua and fast patrol vessels KRI Matacora, KRI Tarihu and KRI Krait;[125][126] IPTN NC-212 maritime patrol aircraft.[127]
  9. Japan: naval defence force Lockheed P-3 Orion and air defence force Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft;[128][129] coast guard Gulfstream V;[130] and a disaster relief team.[131]
  10. Myanmar: naval vessels in Gulf of Martaban and the Bay of Bengal.[132]
  11. New Zealand: air force P-3 Orion.[133]
  12. Norway: a Norwegian RoRo merchant ship, the Höegh St. Petersburg.[86]
  13. Philippines: navy ships BRP Gregorio del Pilar, BRP Emilio Jacinto and BRP Apolinario Mabini; air force Fokker F27 and navy Britten-Norman Defender aircraft; and navy AgustaWestland AW109 helicopter. A Hamilton-class cutter vessel and a C-130 Hercules on standby.[134]
  14. Russia: Resurs-P No.1 satellite.[135]
  15. Singapore: in South China Sea/Malacca Strait: air force C-130 Hercules;[136][137] navy Formidable-class frigate with one Sikorsky S-70B Seahawk helicopter; a submarine rescue ship with divers; Victory-class corvette;[138] an air force Fokker 50 maritime patrol aircraft.[139] In Indian Ocean all previously-deployed ships and aircraft stood down and the armed forces' Information Fusion Centre activated.[140][141]
  16. South Korea: navy P-3 Orion and air force C-130 Hercules aircraft.[142]
  17. Taiwan (ROC): air force C-130 Hercules; ROCS Tian Dan and a La Fayette-class frigate; two coast guard patrol vessels.[143]
  18. Thailand: Dornier Do 228, AgustaWestland Super Lynx helicopter and patrol ship HTMS Pattani. Other ships on standby.[144]
  19. United Arab Emirates: two military search and rescue aircraft.[145][146]
  20. United Kingdom: a team of Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) investigators.[147] HMS Echo – a hydrographic survey ship.[148]
  21. United States: Towed Pinger Locator 25, navy P-3 Orion and Boeing P-8[149] aircraft; Navy ships USS Kidd and USS Pinckney with Sikorsky MH-60R Seahawk helicopters;[150][151][152] a National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) team.[153]
  22. Vietnam: Antonov An-26, de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, Mil Mi-171, and ships from the navy, coast guard, fisheries control, and Maritime Search & Rescue Coordination Centre.[154]

Information sharing

Although Malaysia's acting Transport Minister Hishammuddin Hussein, who is also the country's Defence Minister, denied the existence of problems between the participating countries, academics said that because of regional conflicts, there were genuine trust issues involved in co-operation and sharing intelligence, and that these were hampering the search.[155][156] International relations experts said entrenched rivalries over sovereignty, security, intelligence, and national interests made meaningful multilateral co-operation very difficult.[155][156] A Chinese academic made the observation that the parties were searching independently, thus it was not a multilateral search effort.[156]

Malaysia had initially declined to release raw data from its military radar, deeming the information "too sensitive", but later acceded.[155][156] Defence experts say that giving others access to radar information may be sensitive on a military level. As an example: "The rate at which they can take the picture can also reveal how good the radar system is."[155] One suggested that some countries may already have had radar data on the aircraft and were reluctant to share any information that could potentially reveal their defence capabilities and compromise their own security.[155] Similarly, submarines patrolling the South China Sea might have information in the event of a water impact, and sharing such information could reveal the subs' locations and listening capabilities. However, The Guardian noted the Vietnamese permission given for Chinese aircraft to overfly its airspace as a positive sign of co-operation.[156]

Satellite imagery is also being analysed by the public with the help of crowdsourcing site Tomnod.[157]

Aircraft

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Malaysia Airlines 9M-MRO.

Flight 370 was operated with a Boeing 777-2H6ER,[c] serial number 28420, registration 9M-MRO. The 404th Boeing 777 produced,[159] it first flew on 14 May 2002, and was delivered new to Malaysia Airlines on 31 May 2002. The aircraft is powered by two Rolls-Royce Trent 892 engines,[159] and configured to carry 282 passengers – 35 in business class and 247 in economy.[160] 9M-MRO had accumulated 53,460 hours and 7,525 cycles in service,[161] and had not previously been involved in any major incidents,[162] though a minor incident while taxiing at Shanghai Pudong International Airport in August 2012 resulted in a broken wingtip.[163][164] Its last maintenance 'A' check was carried out on 23 February 2014.[161]

The Boeing 777 is generally regarded by aviation experts as having an "almost flawless" safety record,[165] one of the best of any commercial aircraft.[166] Since its first commercial flight in June 1995, there have been only three other serious accidents involving hull-loss: British Airways Flight 38 in 2008, Egyptair in 2011, (an unexplained[167] but catastrophic cockpit fire on the ground at Cairo International Airport)[168] and Asiana Airlines Flight 214 in 2013, when three died.

Passengers and crew

People on board by nationality
Nationality Number
 Australia 6
 Canada 2
 China 152
 France 4
 Hong Kong[169] 1
 India 5
 Indonesia 7
 Iran[d] 2
 Malaysia[e] 50
 Netherlands 1
 New Zealand 2
 Russia 1
 Taiwan 1
 Ukraine 2
 United States 3
Total 239

Malaysia Airlines released the names and nationalities of the 227 passengers and 12 crew members, based on the flight manifest.[171]

Passengers

Two-thirds of the 227 passengers were Chinese citizens, including a group of 19 artists with six family members and four staff returning from a calligraphy exhibition of their work in Kuala Lumpur; 38 passengers were Malaysian. The remaining passengers were from 13 different countries.[172] Of the total, 20 were employees of Freescale Semiconductor, a company based in Austin, Texas – 12 were from Malaysia and 8 from China.[173][174]

Under a 2007 agreement with Malaysia Airlines, Tzu Chi – a foreign Buddhist organisation – immediately sent specially-trained teams to Beijing and Malaysia to give emotional support to passengers' families.[175][176] The airline also sent its own team of caregivers and volunteers[177] and agreed to bear the expenses of bringing family members of the passengers to Kuala Lumpur and providing them with accommodation, medical care, and counselling.[178] Altogether, 115 family members of the Chinese passengers flew to Kuala Lumpur.[179] Some other family members chose to remain in China, fearing they would feel too isolated in Malaysia.[180] The airline offered an ex gratia condolence payment of US$5,000 to the family of each passenger,[181] but relatives considered the conditions unacceptable and asked the airline to review them.[182]

Crew

All the crew members were Malaysian citizens. The flight's captain was 53-year-old Zaharie Ahmad Shah of Penang; he joined MAS in 1981 and had 18,365 hours of flying experience.[183] Zaharie was also an examiner qualified to conduct simulator tests for pilots.[184]

The first officer was 27-year-old Fariq Abdul Hamid, an employee of MAS since 2007, with 2,763 flying hours.[185][186] Fariq was transitioning to the Boeing 777-200 after having completed his simulator training.[186]

Investigation

Timeline of response

Date (UTC) Event
7 March Malaysia Airlines confirms it lost contact with Flight 370 at 18:40 UTC (02:40 MYT, 8 March), later corrected to 17:30 UTC (01:30 MYT)
8 March An international search and rescue mission mobilised focusing on South China Sea
9 March The search area expanded as the aircraft might have turned back west
Two Iranian passengers found to be travelling on stolen passports
10 March Ten Chinese satellites now deployed in the search
Oil slicks on the surface of the South China Sea tested negative for jet fuel
Malaysia Airlines announces it will give $5,000 USD to the relatives of each passenger
11 March Interpol say that two false identities not linked to the disappearance
12 March Chinese satellite images of possible debris from Flight 370 in the South China Sea at 6°42′N 105°38′E / 6.7°N 105.63°E / 6.7; 105.63 released, but surface search finds no wreckage[187]
Malaysian government receives Inmarsat info that Flight 370 pinged for hours after ACARS went off-line
Chinese government criticises Malaysia for inadequate answers regarding Flight 370
13 March US hints search should be expanded to the Indian Ocean
14 March Investigation concludes that Flight 370 was still under the control of somebody after it lost contact with ground control
MAS retires the MH370/MH371 flight number pair[188]
15 March Malaysia announces last satellite transmission from Flight 370 refocuses search along two loci – north and south
Malaysian police search the homes of both of the aircraft's pilots
16 March The number of countries involved in the search and rescue operation reaches 25
17 March Australia leads search from Sumatra to the southern Indian Ocean
18 March China starts a search operation in a northern region of its own territory
19 March Experts attempt to restore logfiles deleted from the flight simulator in the captain's home
20 March Aircraft and ships dispatched to locate two objects seen by satellite in the southern Indian Ocean at 44°03′02″S 91°13′27″E / 44.05056°S 91.22417°E / -44.05056; 91.22417; twenty-six nations are involved in search
21 March Search focuses on an area 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) southwest of Perth, Western Australia
22 March Chinese satellite image shows a possible object measuring 22.5 by 13 metres (74 by 43 ft) at 44°57′30″S 90°13′40″E / 44.95833°S 90.22778°E / -44.95833; 90.22778, approximately 3,170 kilometres (1,970 mi) west of Perth and just 120 kilometres (75 mi) from the earlier sighting but did not confirm the object nature
24 March Australian search aircraft spots two objects at sea 1,550 miles (2,490 km) southwest of Perth, one of them a large orange rectangular object[189]
Prime Minister of Malaysia announces that Flight 370 crashed in the southern Indian Ocean, and Malaysia Airlines states to families that it assumes "beyond reasonable doubt" there are no survivors[190]
25 March Search area narrowed to the southern tip of the southern search corridor; searches in the northern search corridor, and northern half of southern search area called off following detailed re-analysis of satellite data; aerial search suspended due to weather conditions in the Southern Indian Ocean

International participation

On 8 March, Boeing announced that it was assembling a team of experts to provide technical assistance to investigators,[191] in accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) protocols. In addition, the United States National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) announced in a press release on the same day that a team of investigators had been sent along with technical advisers from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to offer assistance in the investigation.[153] Because a formal (ICAO-sanctioned) investigation had not yet started, co-operation and co-ordination between involved parties could suffer, there being "a risk that crucial early detective work could be hampered, and potential clues and records lost", according to experts.[192]

On 11 March,[100] Chinese authorities[101] activated the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters, a 15 member organisation consisting of international space agencies[193] whose purpose is to "...provide a unified system of space data acquisition and delivery to those affected by natural or man-made disasters through Authorized Users."[102]

The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) had already deployed technical experts and agents to investigate the disappearance.[194] A senior US law enforcement official clarified that FBI agents had not been sent to Malaysia.[195] By 17 March the investigation was also being assisted by Interpol and other relevant international law enforcement authorities according to the Malaysian government.[196][197] United States and Malaysian officials were reviewing every passenger named on the manifest in addition to the two passengers who were confirmed as possessing stolen passports.[198] On 18 March the Chinese government announced that it had checked all of the Chinese citizens on the aircraft and ruled out the possibility that any were potential hijackers.[199]

Possible passenger involvement

Two men identified on the manifest, an Austrian and an Italian, had reported their passports stolen in 2012 and 2013, respectively.[24][200] Interpol stated that both passports were listed on its database of lost and stolen passports, and that no check had been made against its database.[201][202] Malaysia's Home Minister, Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, criticised his country's immigration officials for failing to stop the passengers travelling on the stolen European passports.[202]

The two one-way tickets purchased for the holders of the stolen passports were booked through China Southern Airlines.[203] It was reported that an Iranian had ordered the cheapest tickets to Europe via telephone in Bangkok, Thailand. The tickets were paid for in cash.[204][205] The two passengers were later identified as Iranian men, one aged 19 and the other 29, who had entered Malaysia on 28 February using valid Iranian passports. The head of Interpol said the organisation was "inclined to conclude that it was not a terrorist incident".[170] The two men were believed to be asylum seekers.[206][207]

China Daily reported that there was also a passenger on the boarding list provided by Malaysia Airlines whose name did not match the passport owner's name and passport number.[208]

Upon the realisation that the aircraft may have been hijacked by a skilled individual, suspicion also fell briefly on a passenger who worked as flight engineer for a Swiss jet charter company.[209]

Pilots

Police searched the homes of the pilot and co-pilot.[210] CNN reported that police investigated a flight simulator in the pilot's home and that US Intelligence officials were leaning towards the view that those in the cockpit had been responsible for the aircraft's disappearance.[211]

Cargo

On 17 March, Malaysia Airlines chief executive Ahmad Jauhari Yahya said, without disclosing the flight manifest, that the aircraft was carrying 3 to 4 tonnes of mangosteens, and that nothing it transported was dangerous.[212][213][214] Three days later, he also confirmed that potentially flammable batteries, identified as lithium-ion,[215] were on board, adding that all cargo was "packed as recommended by the ICAO", checked several times and deemed to meet the regulations.[216][217][218]

Criticism and response

Public communication from Malaysian officials regarding the loss of the flight was initially beset with confusion.

  • Malaysia Airlines' chief executive, Ahmad Jauhari Yahya initially said air traffic control was in contact with the aircraft two hours into the flight when in fact last contact with air traffic control was less than an hour after takeoff.[219]
  • Malaysian authorities initially reported that four passengers used stolen passports to board the aircraft before settling on two – one Italian and one Austrian.[220]
  • Malaysia abruptly widened the search area to the west on 9 March, and only later explained that military radar had detected the aircraft turning back.[220] This was later formally denied by Rodzali Daud.[52]
  • Malaysian authorities visited the homes of pilot Zaharie and co-pilot Fariq on 15 March, during which they took away a flight simulator belonging to Zaharie. Malaysian police chief Khalid Abu Bakar said this was the first police visit to those homes. On 17 March, the government contradicted this by saying police first visited the pilots' homes the day following the flight's disappearance,[221] although this had been previously denied.[222]
  • On 16 March, Malaysia's acting transport minister contradicted the prime minister's account on the timing of the final data and communications received. Najib Razak said that the ACARS system was switched off at 01:07, while Hishammuddin said that the last ACARS transmission was received at 01:07, and the transmission expected at 01:37 was missed.[223]
  • Three days after saying that the aircraft was not transporting anything hazardous, Malaysia Airlines' chief executive Ahmad said that potentially dangerous lithium batteries were on board.[213][215]

The New York Times noted that the Malaysian government and the airline released imprecise, incomplete, and sometimes inaccurate information, with civilian officials sometimes contradicting military leaders.[224] Malaysian officials were also criticised after the persistent release of contradictory information, most notably regarding the last point and time of contact with the aircraft.[225]

Vietnam temporarily scaled back its search operations after the country's Deputy Transport Minister cited a lack of communication from Malaysian officials despite requests for more information.[226] China, through the official Xinhua News Agency, said that the Malaysian government ought to take charge and conduct the operation with greater transparency,[155] a point echoed by the Chinese Foreign Ministry days later: "Help all sides in the search to make their search more effective and accurately targeted."[227] Questions and criticisms were raised by air force experts and the Malaysian opposition about the current state of Malaysia's air force and radar capabilities.[228][229][230] The Washington Post said that had MAS installed system upgrade called Swift that had helped locate Air France 447, investigators would have had critical information about the aircraft even after the ACARS system and the transponder had gone dead.[231]

Criticism was also levelled at the delay of the search efforts. A report in The Wall Street Journal suggested that British satellite company Inmarsat had provided officials with data on 11 March, three days after the aircraft disappeared, suggesting the aircraft was nowhere near the areas in the Gulf of Thailand and the South China Sea being searched at that time; and may have diverted its course through a southern or northern corridor, information only publicly acknowledged and released by Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak on 15 March in a press conference.[232] Responding to criticisms that information about satellite signals had not been made available earlier, Malaysia Airlines said that it was critical that the raw satellite signals were verified and analysed "so that their significance could be properly understood". While this was being done, the airline was unable to publicly confirm their existence.[233]

MAS was criticised for not disclosing its cargo manifest[212] and the Malaysian government reportedly refused requests to hand over the detailed manifest. Countries and search agencies committed to the maritime search and recovery process expressed concern at this. For example, AMSA suggested it was hampering efforts in the Indian Ocean search.[234]

On 14 March, Malaysia Airlines retired the MH370/MH371 flight number pair for the Kuala Lumpur–Beijing–Kuala Lumpur route, replacing them with MH318 and MH319 respectively.[188]

On March 25, China's president said he was sending a special envoy to Kuala Lumpur to consult with the Malaysian government over the missing plane. [235]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ MH is the IATA designator and MAS is the ICAO designator. The flight was also marketed as China Southern Airlines Flight 748 (CZ748) through a codeshare.[1]
  2. ^ Inmarsat stated that its conclusion had been based on a further analysis of the measurements of the Doppler shift of the "ping" transmissions.[43] Although the company did not elaborate, notably, the Inmarsat-3 F1 satellite's orbit is inclined by 1.67 degrees, causing it to cross the equator twice a day.[44] This motion could cause a difference between the Doppler shifts of northbound and southbound transmitters.
  3. ^ The aircraft is a Boeing 777-200ER (for Extended Range) model; Boeing assigns a unique customer code for each company that buys one of its aircraft, which is applied as an infix in the model number at the time the aircraft is built. The code for Malaysia Airlines is "H6", hence "777-2H6ER".[158]
  4. ^ The manifest released by Malaysia Airlines listed an Austrian and an Italian. These were subsequently identified as two Iranian nationals who boarded Flight 370 using stolen passports.[170]
  5. ^ 38 passengers and 12 crew.

References

  1. ^ MacLeod, Calum; Winter, Michael; Gray, Allison (8 March 2014). "Beijing-bound flight from Malaysia missing". USA Today. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
  2. ^ Neuman, Scott. "Search For Flight MH370 Reportedly Largest in History". The Two-way. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  3. ^ "Malaysia Airlines MH370: Last communication revealed". BBC. 12 March 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  4. ^ a b c Hildebrandt, Amber (10 March 2014). Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370: 'Mystery compounded by mystery'. CBC News.
  5. ^ a b Buncombe, Andrew; Withnall, Adam (10 March 2014). "Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370: Oil slicks in South China Sea ‘not from missing jet’, officials say". The Independent.
  6. ^ Grudgings, Stuart. "Malaysia Airlines plane crashes in South China Sea with 239 people aboard: report". Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  7. ^ Tasnim Lokman (9 March 2014). "MISSING MH370: Indonesia helps in search for airliner". New Straits Times. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  8. ^ a b c Michael Forsythe and Michael S. Schmidt (14 March 2014), Sharp Changes in Altitude and Course After Jet Lost Contact The New York Times.
  9. ^ a b Andy Pasztor (12 March 2014), Missing Airplane Flew On for Hours The Wall Street Journal.
  10. ^ a b c Bob Orr (13 March 2014), Did Malaysian plane fly toward Indian Ocean after last contact? CBS News.
  11. ^ Malaysian PM's full statement The Guardian 15 March 2014
  12. ^ a b "Number of countries in SAR operations increases to 26". The Star. 18 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  13. ^ a b "Missing Malaysia Airlines plane: Debris found in search for MH370, says Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott". The Sydney Morning Herald. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  14. ^ Pearson, Michael; Mullen, Jethro. "Flight 370 passenger's relative: 'All lives are lost'". CNN. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  15. ^ Branigan, Tania (24 March 2014). "Missing flight MH370 lost in southern Indian Ocean, says Malaysian PM". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  16. ^ "Malaysian prime minister: Missing flight MH370 'ended in Indian Ocean and no one on board survived'". Metro.co.uk. 24 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  17. ^ Sevastopulo, Demetri (24 March 2014). "Malaysia says data indicate MH370 crashed into the Indian Ocean". Financial Times. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  18. ^ a b Heather Saul (14 March 2014). "Missing Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370: Military radar shows jet could have been 'hijacked' and then flown towards Andaman Islands". The Independent. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  19. ^ "Source: Flight 370's altitude dropped after sharp turn". CNN. 24 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014. {{cite news}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  20. ^ "FlightRadar24.com MH370 7 March 2014".
  21. ^ "Malaysian Airlines System (MH) No. 370 ✈ 08-Mar-2014 ✈ WMKK / KUL – ZBAA / PEK ✈". flightaware. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  22. ^ a b "Pilot: I established contact with plane". New Straits Times. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
  23. ^ "04:20 PM MYT +0800 Malaysia Airlines MH370 Flight Incident – 4th Media Statement". Malaysia Airlines. Archived from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ a b c "No MH370 Distress Call, Search Area Widened". Aviation Week & Space Technology. 12 March 2014.
  25. ^ a b "(17 March 2014)". Out of Control Videos. 8 March 2014.
  26. ^ a b Daily Mail, "Was Malaysian co-pilot's last message to base a secret distress signal? Officials investigate possibility unusual sign-off may have indicated something was wrong"
  27. ^ a b The Telegraph, "Revealed: the final 54 minutes of communication from MH370"
  28. ^ a b Out of Control Videos, "Timing of ACARS deactivation unclear. Last ACARS message at 01:07 was not necessarily point at which system was turned off"
  29. ^ The New Yorker, "The Story of Flight 370 Changes Again"
  30. ^ Pearlman, Jonathan; Wu, Adam (21 March 2014). "Revealed: the final 54 minutes of communication from MH370". The Daily Telegraph.
  31. ^ BBC News item 25 March 2014
  32. ^ a b "Malaysia Airlines Flight 370: Missing plane search timeline LIVE UPDATES". Russia: RT. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  33. ^ Paul Marks (11 March 2014), Malaysian plane sent out engine data before vanishing New Scientist.
  34. ^ a b Peters, Chris (13 March 2014). "U.S. investigators suspect missing Malaysian plane flew for hours -WSJ". Reuters. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  35. ^ "Flight MH370: Australia spots possible plane debris in sea". The Week. UK.
  36. ^ a b "Malaysia says no evidence missing plane flew hours after losing contact". Reuters. 13 March 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  37. ^ "Satellites picked up pings from Malaysia jet, source says". Reuters. 13 March 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  38. ^ Inmarsat statement on Malaysia Airlines flight MH370. Inmarsat. 14 March 2014.
  39. ^ Chris Buckley and Nicola Clark (14 March 2014), Satellite Firm Says Its Data From Jet Could Offer Location The New York Times.
  40. ^ a b c "Why can plane transponders be turned off from the cockpit?". CBS News. 19 March 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  41. ^ a b c "Why didn't passengers on missing flight MH370 use their mobile phones?". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  42. ^ Weaver, Matthew (24 March 2014). "MH370 assumed to have crashed with no survivors, says Malaysia Airlines - live updates". The Guardian.
  43. ^ Sophie Curtis (24 March 2014). "How British satellite company Inmarsat tracked down MH370". Daily Telegraph.
  44. ^ "Single Satellite View for INMARSAT 3-F1 64.5°E". Retrieved 25 March 2014.
  45. ^ Thomas Fuller; Chris Buckley (24 March 2014). "Malaysian Leader Says Flight 370 Ended in Indian Ocean". New York Times.
  46. ^ "Families told missing plane lost". BBC News. 24 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  47. ^ Monégasque and Monte-Carlo (24 March 2014). "Limits of Oceans and Seas" (PDF). International Hydrographic Organization.
  48. ^ "Malaysia Airlines MH370: Plane 'changed course'". BBC. 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  49. ^ "Malaysia Airlines live: military denies report they tracked plane hundreds of miles off course". The Daily Telegraph. 11 March 2014.
  50. ^ Danubrata, Eveline; Koswanage, Niluksi (11 March 2014). "Malaysia military tracked missing plane to west coast: source". Reuters. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  51. ^ "MISSING MH370: RMAF chief denies military radar report". New Straits Times. 12 March 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  52. ^ a b "Missing Malaysia Airlines plane: Air force chief denies tracking jet to Strait of Malacca". The Straits Times. 12 March 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  53. ^ "Vietnam says it told Malaysia that missing plane MH370 had turned back". The Straits Times. 12 March 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  54. ^ Matthew Wald (13 March 2014), U.S. Takes Back Seat in Malaysian Jet Inquiry The New York Times
  55. ^ Niluksi Koswanage (14 March 2014), Radar data suggests missing Malaysia plane deliberately flown way off course – sources Reuters.
  56. ^ Levin, Alan; Kharif, Olga (14 March 2014). "Missing Malaysian Jet Said Tracked to Ocean Off Australia". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
  57. ^ 'Deliberate Act' Used to Steer Missing Plane Off Course ABC News 15 March 2014.
  58. ^ "Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 deliberately flown off course, systems switched off: PM". ABC News. 15 March 2014.
  59. ^ *"China: no evidence MH370 entered airspace". CNTV English. 20 March 2014.
    *"Missing Malaysian plane MH 370 never entered Thai airspace". The Indian Express. 18 March 2014.
    *by g surach (16 March 2014). "Missing MH370: No way plane flew over Indian airspace undetected – Nation". The Star. Malaysia.
    *"Missing Malaysian jet LIVE updates: Kazakhstan says detected no unidentified planes when Malaysian jetliner vanished : Asia, News". India Today.
    *Haris Hussain And Farrah Naz Karim (18 March 2014). "MISSING MH370: EXCLUSIVE: Flying as low as 80 feet 'possible'". New Straits Times.
  60. ^ Malaysian Minister of Transport, Press Release. "Sunday, March 23, 06:00 PM MYT +0800 Malaysia Airlines MH370 Flight Incident - Press Statement by Ministry of Transport, Malaysia". Malaysian Airlines. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  61. ^ a b c "Lost Jet's Path Seen as Altered via Computer". The New York Times. 17 March 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014. {{cite news}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  62. ^ "Vietnam detects signals from missing plane". San Francisco Chronicle. 7 March 2014.
  63. ^ "Malaysia Plane: Iranian Bought Two Tickets". Sky News. 11 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  64. ^ "Oil slick spotted by rescuers 'not from missing Malaysia Airlines flight', tests reveal". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  65. ^ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. 10 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  66. ^ "China Releases Images of What Could be Parts of Missing Plane". Malaysia Sun. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  67. ^ "Malaysia Airlines Flight 370: Vietnam sees no debris in area flagged by Chinese". CNN News. Retrieved 13 March 2014. (coordinates in the CNN video)
  68. ^ Brummitt, Chris. "Malaysia: No debris at spot shown on China images". Associated Press.
  69. ^ "U.S. suspects missing flight flew for hours after last confirmed location, report says". The Washington Post. 28 February 2011.
  70. ^ Jim Clancy and Mark Morgenstein (9 March 2014). "New leads explored in hunt for missing Malaysia Airlines flight". CNN News. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  71. ^ Pete Williams, Robert Windrem and Richard Esposito (9 March 2014). "Missing Malaysia Airlines Jet May Have Turned Back: Officials". NBC News. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  72. ^ "Reports: Missing Malaysia Airlines plane 'may have turned back'". BBC News. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  73. ^ Melissa Chi (9 March 2014). "DCA: Search for MH370 intensifies with 74 vessels, 50 nautical miles near last-known site". The Malay Mail. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  74. ^ "Malaysia Airlines: What we know about flight MH370". BBC. 10 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  75. ^ a b "Missing Malaysia plane: Search area widened". BBC News. 9 March 2014.
  76. ^ "Malaysia Airlines MH370: Confusion over plane last location". BBC News. 12 March 2014.
  77. ^ New MH370 search area may be opened in Indian Ocean – White House The Daily Telegraph 13 March 2014.
  78. ^ Martha Raddatz (13 March 2014), US Officials Have 'Indication' Malaysia Airline Crashed into Indian Ocean ABC News.
  79. ^ "Missing MH370: Australia to lead southern search for MH370". The Star. 17 March 2014.
  80. ^ "Australia agrees to lead search in Indian Ocean for missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370". The Canberra Times. 17 March 2014.
  81. ^ "Malaysia Airlines MH370: AMSA to coordinate new search 3,000 kilometres south-west of Perth". ABC News. 18 March 2014.
  82. ^ Woodrow Bellamy III  (19 March 2014). "Avionics Magazine :: Malaysian PM Clarifies MH370 Avionics Disablement". Aviationtoday.com.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  83. ^ "Missing plane: Objects spotted in water". The New Zealand Herald. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  84. ^ "Possible Parts of Missing Jet Spotted Off Australia: Prime Minister". NBC News. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  85. ^ Kelly, Ross (20 March 2014). "Australia Says Satellites Identified Objects Possibly Related to Missing Malaysia Airlines Flight". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  86. ^ a b c "Search operation for Malaysia airlines aircraft: Update 6" (PDF). Australian Maritime Safety Authority. (Archive)
  87. ^ "Two Chinese Il-76s fly to Australia from Malaysia to search for missing plane". Xinhua News Agency. 22 March 2014.
  88. ^ "Chinese Il-76s join Perth-based MH370 search". Australian Aviation. 22 March 2014.
  89. ^ "Two Japanese military aircraft arrive in Perth". Xinhua News Agency. 23 March 2014.
  90. ^ a b "Search operations resume for Malaysia Airlines MH370: Update 11" (PDF). Australian Maritime Safety Authority. 23 March 2014.
  91. ^ "The search for missing Malaysia Airlines plane MH370". The Sydney Morning Herald. 21 March 2014.
  92. ^ "Topline jets join Australian hunt for missing plane". The Canberra Times. 23 March 2014.
  93. ^ Murdoch, Lindsay (22 March 2014). "Missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370: Floating debris spotted by Chinese satellite image". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  94. ^ McDonell, Stephen (23 March 2014). "Missing Malaysia Airlines plane: Chinese satellites spot new possible debris from MH370". ABC.net.au. Retrieved 24 March 2014. Australian Broadcast Corporation
  95. ^ "BBC News, 22 March 2014". BBC. 1 January 1970.
  96. ^ Stoller, Gary (24 March 2014). "What's next in the Malaysia Flight 370 investigation". USA Today. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  97. ^ "MISSING MH370: Malaysia welcomes SAR assistance from other countries". New Straits Times. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  98. ^ Wong, Chun-Han; Vu, Trong Khanh; Raghuvanshi, Gaurav (9 March 2014). "Countries Put Disputes Aside for Airliner Search". The Wall Street Journal.
  99. ^ "IDC infrasound search for missing flight Malaysian Airlines MH370" (PDF). CTBTO Prep Com. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  100. ^ a b "Disaster Charter – Missing Malaysia Airlines jet". Disasterscharter.org.
  101. ^ a b Franco, Michael (12 March 2014). "15 space organizations join hunt for missing Malaysian jet | Crave". CNET.
  102. ^ a b "Disaster Charter – Homepage". Disasterscharter.org.
  103. ^ "Maldives island residents see 'low flying jumbo jet'". Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  104. ^ a b "Too early to come to any conclusion, says Najib". Daily Express. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  105. ^ "Vietnam, Malaysia mount search for plane". Sky News Australia. 8 March 2014.
  106. ^ "Malaysia widens area of search for missing MAS aircraft". Borneo Post. Bernama. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  107. ^ "Missing MAS flight: Malaysia grateful for assistance in search and rescue operations, says Anifah". The Star. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  108. ^ "Australia sending two P3C Orions from Darwin to Malaysia to aid with the search for missing Malaysian flight MH370". News Corp Australia. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  109. ^ "MH370: two objects relating to missing Malaysia Airways plane may have been found". The Guardian. 20 March 2014.
  110. ^ "Bangladesh begins Malaysian plane search". Dhaka Tribune. 15 March 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
  111. ^ "Spiritual Healing: Mass Sunnat Hajat Prayer for MH370". BruDirect. 14 March 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
  112. ^ Khan Sophirom (19 March 2014). "Cambodia Joins Search Mission for Malaysia Airline MH370". Agence Kampuchea Press. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  113. ^ Mu Xuequan (10 March 2014). "Chinese warship arrives in search area for missing Malaysian airliner, more on way". Xinhuanet.
  114. ^ An (15 March 2014). "Chinese warships take MH370 search to Strait of Malacca". Xinhuanet.
  115. ^ yan (21 March 2014). "Chinese navy vessels to search south Indian Ocean". Xinhuanet.
  116. ^ Zhao Yingquan. "Chinese rescue vessel Nanhaijiu 101 heads toward Singapore". Xinhuanet.
  117. ^ "China deploys satellites for missing plane search". Xinhua News Agency. 10 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  118. ^ "Malaysia plane search: China checks new 'debris' image". BBC. 22 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  119. ^ "Chinese Vessel Heads to Strait of Malacca in Jet Search". CRI English. 14 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  120. ^ "BEA to help with search and rescue mission". New Straits Times. 18 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  121. ^ "Lost Malaysian Aircraft – Indian Navy Joins search operations". Indian Navy. 21 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  122. ^ "Malaysia Airlines MH370: India deploys 4 warships in search ops". Livemint. 14 March 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  123. ^ a b "India joins global search to locate missing Malaysia Airlines plane". The Indian Express. 13 March 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  124. ^ a b Gupta, Jayanta. "Indian Navy joins search". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  125. ^ Bagus BT Saragih (9 March 2014). "RI deploy warships as search expands to Malacca Strait". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  126. ^ "Multinational maritime forces co-operate in Malaysian aircraft search". Jane's Navy International. 10 March 2014.
  127. ^ Fadli (9 March 2014). "RI deploys warships, aircraft to SCS to search for missing aircraft". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  128. ^ "マレーシア航空機の消息不明事案に関する防衛省・自衛隊の対応について". Ministry of Defence (in Japanese). 12 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
  129. ^ "マレーシア航空機消息不明事案に対する国際緊急援助活動". Ministry of Defense (in Japanese). 14 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
  130. ^ "マレーシア航空機行方不明事案への対応について（第4報）" (PDF). Japan Coast Guard (in Japanese). 14 March 2014.
  131. ^ "MH370 SAR ops: Japan Joins Search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370". The Diplomat. 13 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
  132. ^ "Malaysia asks more countries to join plane probe as search area expanded". Xinhua News Agency. 16 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
  133. ^ Michael Field (11 March 2014). "NZ air force joins search for missing jet". stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  134. ^ "Phl Navy's helicopter joins search for missing Malaysian Airlines plane". The Philippine Star. 15 March 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  135. ^ "Российские спутники помогают искать пропавший самолет рейса MH370" (in Russian). Russian Federal Space Agency. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  136. ^ "Malaysia Airlines missing flight: Live Report". Yahoo! News Malaysia. 8 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  137. ^ "Malaysian Airlines missing flight MH370: Live Report". Digital Journal. 8 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  138. ^ "Additional SAF assets deployed in response to missing Malaysia Airlines Plane (09 Mar 14)". Ministry of Defence of Singapore. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  139. ^ Leong, Wai Kit (14 March 2014). S'pore deploys another patrol aircraft for MH370 search". Channel NewsAsia
  140. ^ "SAF focuses SAL Operations in Malacca Strait". Ministry of Defence of Singapore. 15 March 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  141. ^ "News – SAF Offers IFC in Support of SAL Efforts (17 Mar 14)". MINDEF.
  142. ^ "MISSING MH370: South Korea sends two aircraft to help with SAR". New Straits Times. 14 March 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
  143. ^ "Taiwan joins search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370". Taiwan Today. 11 March 2014. Archived from the original on 12 March 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  144. ^ "Search for missing Malaysian jet involves 8 countries". The Nation. 10 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  145. ^ "Missing Malaysia Airlines latest update: UAE Armed Forces now part of search". Emirates 24/7 News. 18 March 2014.
  146. ^ "UAE Armed Forces join search for missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370". The National. 17 March 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  147. ^ "Missing MH370: Britain's air accident investigation team arrives". The Star. 14 March 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
  148. ^ "UK sending HMS Echo to assist in Malaysia plane search". ITV. 21 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  149. ^ "US Navy's P-8A Poseidon Arrives in Australia, Continues MH370 Search". U.S. Seventh Fleet Public Affairs. 19 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  150. ^ "US P-3 and USS Pinckney helicopter over Malaysian Airlines search site". U.S. Seventh Fleet Public Affairs. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  151. ^ "U.S. Sends Destroyer to Aid Search for Malaysia Airlines Jet". NBC News. 8 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  152. ^ "US Navy sending P-8A Poseidon to assist in search for missing flight MH370". The Malaysian Insider. 13 March 2014.
  153. ^ a b "Press Release March 8, 2014: NTSB positioning team to offer assistance in investigation of Malaysia Airlines 777 event". Ntsb.gov. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  154. ^ "RSAF sends plane to search for missing Malaysia Airlines aircraft". Channel NewsAsia. 8 March 2014.
  155. ^ a b c d e f Malakunas, Karl (AFP) "Distrust adding to Malaysian jet confusion: analysts". Google News. 14 March 2014.
  156. ^ a b c d e Tania Branigan in Beijing. "Malaysia flight MH370 hunt sees suspicion and cooperation". The Guardian.
  157. ^ Fishwick, Carmen (14 March 2014). "Tomnod – the online search party looking for Malaysian Airlines flight MH370". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  158. ^ Pither, Tony (1998). The Boeing 707 720 and C-135. England: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-236-X.
  159. ^ a b "Malaysia Airlines 9M-MRO (Boeing 777 – MSN 28420)". Airfleets. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  160. ^ "Boeing 777-200 – Fleet". Malaysia Airlines. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  161. ^ a b Toh, Mavis (9 March 2014). "MAS 777 underwent maintenance in Feb". Singapore: Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 9 March 2014.
  162. ^ "Missing MAS 777-200 had no major prior incidents – 3/8/2014". Flightglobal. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  163. ^ "浦东机场滑行跑道内东航马航两飞机剐蹭 ["Two planes from China Eastern Airlines and Malaysian Airlines snag each other on the runway of Shanghai Pudong Airport"]" (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 26 June 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  164. ^ "ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 147571". 9 August 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  165. ^ "Malaysia Airlines: experts surprised at disappearance of 'very safe' Boeing 777". The Guardian. 8 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  166. ^ "Malaysia Airlines has one of Asia's best safety records". Reuters. 8 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  167. ^ "EgyptAir 777 fire probe inconclusive but short-circuit suspected - 11/30/2012". Flight Global. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
  168. ^ "Accident: Egyptair B772 at Cairo on Jul 29th 2011, cockpit fire". Avherald.com. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
  169. ^ "HK resident was aboard missing plane". RTHK. 10 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  170. ^ a b "Stolen jet passport 'no terror link'". BBC News. 11 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  171. ^ "MH370 Passenger Manifest" (Press release). Malaysia Airlines. 8 March 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2014.
  172. ^ "Behind jet's passenger list is rich human tapestry". The Washington Post. Associated Press. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  173. ^ "No sign of Malaysia Airline wreckage; questions over stolen passports". CNN. 8 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  174. ^ "Loss of employees on Malaysia flight a blow, U.S. chipmaker says". Reuters. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
  175. ^ Caregiver sacrifices time for family of passengers New Straits Times
  176. ^ "For Flight 370 Families, Every Day Is 'Torment' : Parallels". NPR. 20 March 2014.
  177. ^ "Missing MAS flight: MAS team arrives in Beijing". The Star. 9 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  178. ^ "Caregivers from Malaysia, Australia assigned to families of passengers onboard MH370". The Malay Mail.
  179. ^ "Missing Malaysia jet may have veered off course". CNBC. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  180. ^ "MISSING MH370: Families cling to faint hopes: psychologist". New Straits Times. 10 March 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  181. ^ Rose, Adam (12 March 2014). "Malaysia Airlines says no reason to think crew caused jet's disappearance". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  182. ^ "MAS cash aid snubbed by kin of Chinese aboard MH370". The Malay Mail. 11 March 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  183. ^ "Missing MAS flight: Captain piloting MH370 a Penang boy". The Straits Times. 8 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  184. ^ Koswanage, Niluksi (9 March 2014). "Pilot of missing Malaysian flight an aviation tech geek". Reuters. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  185. ^ "MISSING MH370: Co-pilot family awaits for latest updates – Latest". New Straits Times. 8 March 2014.
  186. ^ a b Watkins, Tom (10 March 2014). "First officer on missing jet was transitioning to 777-200s". CNN. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  187. ^ "Malaysia Airlines Flight 370: Vietnam sees no debris in area flagged by Chinese". CNN News. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  188. ^ a b Anwar, Zafira; Nambiar, Predeep "MISSING MH370: MAS changes flight number for KL-Beijing-KL flights". New Straits Times.
  189. ^ Austin, Henry (24 March 2014). "Missing Jet: 'Orange Rectangular Object' Spotted in Sea". NBC News. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  190. ^ "Malaysia plane: Bad weather halts search for flight MH370". BBC. 24 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
  191. ^ "Boeing team to offer technical help to investigators". Deccan Chronicle.
  192. ^ "Missing Malaysia Airlines plane's legal limbo hampers probe". The Sydney Morning Herald. 12 March 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  193. ^ "Disaster Charter – Charter Members". Disasterscharter.org.
  194. ^ Serrano, Richard A. "FBI to investigate disappearance of a Malaysian Airlines jet." Los Angeles Times. 8 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  195. ^ "FBI not in on Malaysia crash probe; other U.S. agencies to arrive Monday". Reuters. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  196. ^ "New phase of search starts on both corridors". Free Malaysia Today.
  197. ^ Matthew Weaver in London and Tom McCarthy. "MH370: Australia takes lead in Indian Ocean as search area expands – live". The Guardian.
  198. ^ Simon Denyer, Robert Barnes and Chico Harlan (9 March 2014). "Four flew with false ID aboard Malaysia Airlines plane that vanished over South China Sea". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  199. ^ Chris Buckley and Keith Bradsher. "China Rules Out Terror Ties Among Citizens on Jet". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
  200. ^ Catherine E. Shoichet and Ray Sanchez (9 March 2014). "Plane bore painters, pilgrims, others from around the world". CNN. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  201. ^ "INTERPOL confirms at least two stolen passports used by passengers on missing Malaysian Airlines flight 370 were registered in its databases". Interpol. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
  202. ^ a b Murdoch, Lindsay (10 March 2014). "Fake passports on Malaysia Airlines flight reveal flaw in airline safety". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  203. ^ Keith Bradsher; Eric Schmitt (9 March 2014). "Passport Theft Adds to Mystery of Missing Malaysia Airlines Jet". The New York Times.
  204. ^ Mezzofiore, Gianluca (10 March 2014). "Missing Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370: Iranian Middleman Asked Thai Agent to Book Tickets on Stolen Passports". International Business Times. UK. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  205. ^ "'There are no answers': Days later, no sign of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370". CNN. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  206. ^ "MISSING MH370: Man with stolen passport on jet is asylum seeker – Latest". New Straits Times.
  207. ^ Saeed Kamali Dehghan. "Iranians travelling on flight MH370 on forged passports 'not linked to terror'". The Guardian.
  208. ^ "Malaysia Airlines boarding record on Chinese passenger questioned". China Daily. 9 March 2014.
  209. ^ "Malaysia police probe flight engineer on missing MH370". The Straits Times. 17 March 2014.
  210. ^ BBC News. "Missing Malaysia Airlines plane 'deliberately diverted'". BBC. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
  211. ^ Barbara Starr, Chelsea J. Carter and Jim Clancy. "U.S. officials lean toward 'those in the cockpit' behind missing flight". CNN. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
  212. ^ a b "Was a small BOMB hidden inside MH370's cargo hold? AND WHY HASN'T M'SIA REVEALED THE CARGO MANIFEST?". Malaysia-chronicle.com. 19 March 2014.
  213. ^ a b "Not just mangosteens on board, MH370 also carried lithium-ion batteries, says daily". The Malaysian Insider. 22 March 2014.
  214. ^ "Malaysia News | AsiaOne". News.asiaone.com. 18 March 2014.
  215. ^ a b Tomlinson, Simon (22 March 2014). "Missing jet WAS carrying highly flammable lithium batteries: CEO of Malaysian Airlines finally admits to dangerous cargo four days after DENYING it". Daily Mail. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  216. ^ "Missing MH370 carried lithium ion batteries as cargo but not seen as 'dangerous'". The Straits Times. 21 March 2014.
  217. ^ "Missing MH370: Lithium ion batteries deemed non-dangerous goods". The Star Online. 22 March 2014.
  218. ^ Missing Jet was Carrying Potentially Flammable Batteries: CEO NBC News 21 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  219. ^ Hodal,Kate (14 March 2014). "Flight MH370: a week of false leads and confusion in hunt for missing plane". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 25 March 2014.}}
  220. ^ a b "Missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 – a week of confusion". The Sydney Morning Herald. 14 March 2014.
  221. ^ "MH370: Further confusion over timing of last words" TV3 (New Zealand). 18 March 2014
  222. ^ Jamieson, Alastair (13 March 2014). "Officials Deny Engine Data Report From Missing MH370". NBC News.
  223. ^ Calder, Simon; Withnall, Adam (17 March 2014). "Missing Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370: Confusion deepens over ‘missing 30 minutes’ at heart of mystery engulfing stricken jet ". The Independent
  224. ^ "Stolen Passports on Plane Not Seen as Terror Link". The New York Times. 11 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
  225. ^ Denyer, Simon (12 March 2014). "Contradictory statements from Malaysia over missing airliner perplex, infuriate". The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
  226. ^ Harlan, Chico (11 March 2014). "Malaysia Airlines plane may have veered wildly off course during flight, military says". The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
  227. ^ "China appeals to Malaysia for search information". Associated Press. 14 March 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
  228. ^ Malaysia Insider (8 July 2011). "MH370 throws spotlight on Malaysia's air force and radar capabilities". The Malaysian Insider.
  229. ^ Childs, Nick (1 January 1970). "Missing Malaysia plane: MH370 and the military gaps". BBC.
  230. ^ "Malaysiakini". Malaysiakini.
  231. ^ Halsey III, Ashley; Higham, Scott (20 March 2013). "Malaysia Airlines didn't buy computer upgrade that could have given data on missing flight". The Washington Post.
  232. ^ Pasztor, Andy; Ostrower, Jon; Hookway, James (19 March 2013). "Critical Data Was Delayed in Search for Missing Malaysia Airlines Flight MH 370". The Wall Street Journal.
  233. ^ "19th Media Statement". Malaysia Airlines. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
  234. ^ "Malaysia's unwillingness to release the full cargo manifest from missing Flight MH370 will hamper the search effort". news.com.au. News Limited. 24 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
  235. ^ http://news.yahoo.com/chinas-xi-send-special-envoy-malaysia-over-missing-092920386--business.html

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370&oldid=601219925"