Etoricoxib

Etoricoxib

Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Pregnancy category	Not recommended
Routes of administration	Oral
ATC code	M01AH05 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) UK: POM (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	100%
Protein binding	92%
Metabolism	Hepatic, CYP extensively involved (mainly CYP3A4)
Elimination half-life	22 hours
Excretion	Renal (70%) and fecal (20%)
Identifiers
IUPAC name 5-Chloro-6'-methyl-3-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-2,3'-bipyridine
CAS Number	202409-33-4 Y
PubChem CID	123619
IUPHAR/BPS	2896
DrugBank	DB01628 Y
ChemSpider	110209 Y
UNII	WRX4NFY03R
KEGG	D03710 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:6339 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL416146 Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3046457
ECHA InfoCard	100.207.709
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C18H15ClN2O2S
Molar mass	358.842 g/mol g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=S(=O)(c3ccc(c2cc(Cl)cnc2c1cnc(cc1)C)cc3)C
InChI InChI=1S/C18H15ClN2O2S/c1-12-3-4-14(10-20-12)18-17(9-15(19)11-21-18)13-5-7-16(8-6-13)24(2,22)23/h3-11H,1-2H3 Y Key:MNJVRJDLRVPLFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
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Etoricoxib (Arcoxia) is a COX-2 selective inhibitor from Merck & Co. Currently it is approved in more than 80 countries worldwide but not in the US, where the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has required additional safety and efficacy data for etoricoxib before it will issue approval.

Therapeutic indications

Etoricoxib is indicated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, chronic low back pain, acute pain, and gout. Approved indications differ by country.

A Cochrane systematic review assessed the benefits of single-dose etoricoxib in reduction of acute post-operative pain in adults. Single-dose oral etoricoxib provides good quality pain relief post-operatively in adults and adverse events are similar to placebo in the studies included. Etoricoxib given at a dose of 120 mg is as effective or even better than other analgesics that are commonly used.

Mechanism of action

Like any other COX-2 selective inhibitor ("coxib"), etoricoxib selectively inhibits isoform 2 of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX-2). It has approximately 106-fold selectivity for COX-2 inhibition over COX-1. This reduces the generation of prostaglandins (PGs) from arachidonic acid. Among the different functions exerted by PGs, their role in the inflammation cascade should be highlighted.

COX-2 selective inhibitors show less activity on COX-1 compared to traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). This reduced activity is the cause of reduced gastrointestinal side effects, as demonstrated in several large clinical trials performed with different coxibs.

History

Some clinical trials and meta-analysis showed that treatment with some coxibs (in particular rofecoxib) led to increased incidence of adverse cardiovascular events compared to placebo. Because of these results, some drugs were withdrawn from the market (rofecoxib, in September 2004 and valdecoxib in April 2005). In addition, the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency started revision processes of the entire class of both NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors.

In April 2007, the FDA issued Merck a "non-approvable letter" for etoricoxib. The letter said Merck needs to provide more test results showing that the drug's benefits outweigh its risks before it has another chance of getting approved.

Brand names

Brand names for etoricoxib include Arcoxia in Sweden, Finland, Germany, Brazil, Singapore, Thailand, Mexico, Bulgaria and Romania; Algix and Tauxib in Italy; Etorix and Vargus in Bangladesh; Berrica and Starcox in Pakistan; Exxiv in Portugal; Etozox in India.