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==Perpetrators==
==Perpetrators==
Both [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine|Islamic Jihad]] and a group calling itself "Hezbollah-Palestine" originally claimed responsibility for the suicide bombing, only to later retract the claims.<ref>[http://info.jpost.com/C001/Supplements/Disco/index.html Bomb horror hits Tel Aviv disco], [[The Jerusalem Post]], 4 June 2001.</ref> Later on it was revealed that the attack was carried out by Saeed Hotari, age 22, a militant linked to the Palestinian Islamist militant group [[Hamas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/04/israel1|title=Bomber went to West Bank for a better life|work=the Guardian|accessdate=14 December 2014}}</ref>
Both [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine|Islamic Jihad]] and a group calling itself "Hezbollah-Palestine" originally claimed responsibility for the suicide bombing, only to later retract the claims.<ref>[http://info.jpost.com/C001/Supplements/Disco/index.html Bomb horror hits Tel Aviv disco] {{wayback|url=http://info.jpost.com/C001/Supplements/Disco/index.html |date=20080516220937 }}, [[The Jerusalem Post]], 4 June 2001.</ref> Later on it was revealed that the attack was carried out by Saeed Hotari, age 22, a militant linked to the Palestinian Islamist militant group [[Hamas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/04/israel1|title=Bomber went to West Bank for a better life|work=the Guardian|accessdate=14 December 2014}}</ref>


==Official reactions==
==Official reactions==
Line 76: Line 76:


; Supranational
; Supranational
*{{flagu|United Nations}} – U.N. Secretary-General [[Kofi Annan]] stated that he "condemns this indiscriminate terrorist attack in the strongest possible terms." and that the attack "underlines the urgency of breaking the cycle of violence".<ref>[http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/eed216406b50bf6485256ce10072f637/6408a3d95f268ac485256a61004de941?OpenDocument Press Release SG/SM/7829], domino.un.org, 1 June 2001.</ref>
*{{flagu|United Nations}} – U.N. Secretary-General [[Kofi Annan]] stated that he "condemns this indiscriminate terrorist attack in the strongest possible terms." and that the attack "underlines the urgency of breaking the cycle of violence".<ref>[http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/eed216406b50bf6485256ce10072f637/6408a3d95f268ac485256a61004de941?OpenDocument Press Release SG/SM/7829] {{wayback|url=http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/eed216406b50bf6485256ce10072f637/6408a3d95f268ac485256a61004de941?OpenDocument |date=20120609143557 }}, domino.un.org, 1 June 2001.</ref>


; International
; International
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After the attack many in the Israeli public demanded a harsh military retaliation; nevertheless, Prime Minister [[Ariel Sharon]] decided to not take any immediate retaliatory actions. US and other governments applied heavy diplomatic pressure on Israel to refrain from action.<ref name="sontag">Deborah Sontag, "Arafat Calls for Cease-Fire, Deploring Tel Aviv Attack", ''New York Times'', 3 June 2001.</ref> Nevertheless, the attack was later on noted as one of the reasons cited by the Israeli government for building the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]].<ref>Israel Foreign Ministry, ''[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+and+Islamic+Fundamentalism-/Four+Years+of+Conflict+3-Oct-2004.htm Four Years of Conflict: Israel's war against terrorism]'', 3 October 2004, p. 28</ref>
After the attack many in the Israeli public demanded a harsh military retaliation; nevertheless, Prime Minister [[Ariel Sharon]] decided to not take any immediate retaliatory actions. US and other governments applied heavy diplomatic pressure on Israel to refrain from action.<ref name="sontag">Deborah Sontag, "Arafat Calls for Cease-Fire, Deploring Tel Aviv Attack", ''New York Times'', 3 June 2001.</ref> Nevertheless, the attack was later on noted as one of the reasons cited by the Israeli government for building the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]].<ref>Israel Foreign Ministry, ''[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+and+Islamic+Fundamentalism-/Four+Years+of+Conflict+3-Oct-2004.htm Four Years of Conflict: Israel's war against terrorism]'', 3 October 2004, p. 28</ref>


In [[Ramallah]] dozens of Palestinians celebrated in the streets and [[celebratory gunfire|fired in the air]] as a sign of celebration.<ref>David Rudge, [http://info.jpost.com/C001/Supplements/Disco "Bomb horror hits Tel Aviv disco"], jpost.com; accessed 2 September 2015.</ref> The bomber, Saeed Hotari, was praised as a [[martyr]] by his father.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-6754624_ITM|title=Write better papers, faster!|accessdate=14 December 2014}}</ref> President [[George W. Bush]] demanded that [[Yasser Arafat]] condemn the terrorist act.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/1,7340,L-782250,00.html|title=Bush to Arafat: You Must Condemn This Terrible Attack|date=2 June 2001|accessdate=4 May 2008|publisher=[[Ynet]]|language=he}}</ref> The next day, Israeli-Arabs barricaded themselves in the [[Hassan Bek Mosque]] opposite the Dolphinarium site and threw objects at the police.<ref>[http://9tv.co.il/news/2015/06/01/205483.html 14 лет со дня чудовищного теракта в тель-авивском "Дольфи"] 01.06.2015 22:41, 9tv.co.il</ref>
In [[Ramallah]] dozens of Palestinians celebrated in the streets and [[celebratory gunfire|fired in the air]] as a sign of celebration.<ref>David Rudge, [http://info.jpost.com/C001/Supplements/Disco "Bomb horror hits Tel Aviv disco"] {{wayback|url=http://info.jpost.com/C001/Supplements/Disco |date=20061205014534 }}, jpost.com; accessed 2 September 2015.</ref> The bomber, Saeed Hotari, was praised as a [[martyr]] by his father.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-6754624_ITM|title=Write better papers, faster!|accessdate=14 December 2014}}</ref> President [[George W. Bush]] demanded that [[Yasser Arafat]] condemn the terrorist act.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/1,7340,L-782250,00.html|title=Bush to Arafat: You Must Condemn This Terrible Attack|date=2 June 2001|accessdate=4 May 2008|publisher=[[Ynet]]|language=he}}</ref> The next day, Israeli-Arabs barricaded themselves in the [[Hassan Bek Mosque]] opposite the Dolphinarium site and threw objects at the police.<ref>[http://9tv.co.il/news/2015/06/01/205483.html 14 лет со дня чудовищного теракта в тель-авивском "Дольфи"] 01.06.2015 22:41, 9tv.co.il</ref>


According to the [[Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center]], an Israeli-based organization with close ties to the [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]], among the materials seized by the [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] in the course of [[Operation Defensive Shield]] were two documents issued by the [[Martyrs' Families and Injured Care Establishment]], which is under the authority of the [[Palestinian National Authority]]'s [[Palestinian Ministry of Social Affairs|Ministry of Social Affairs]]. The documents detail the transfer of $US2,000 to the father of the suicide bomber, who was living in Jordan at that time (18 June 2001). According to the [[Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center]], the transfer was made despite the suicide bomber's Hamas affiliation, despite the father's public support of the suicide bombing attack, and despite Arafat's public condemnation of the bombing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/html/final/eng/sib/10_04/oct_02.htm|title=The Palestinian Authority's support of Hamas' suicide terrorism|accessdate=4 May 2008|date=October 2004}}</ref>
According to the [[Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center]], an Israeli-based organization with close ties to the [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]], among the materials seized by the [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] in the course of [[Operation Defensive Shield]] were two documents issued by the [[Martyrs' Families and Injured Care Establishment]], which is under the authority of the [[Palestinian National Authority]]'s [[Palestinian Ministry of Social Affairs|Ministry of Social Affairs]]. The documents detail the transfer of $US2,000 to the father of the suicide bomber, who was living in Jordan at that time (18 June 2001). According to the [[Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center]], the transfer was made despite the suicide bomber's Hamas affiliation, despite the father's public support of the suicide bombing attack, and despite Arafat's public condemnation of the bombing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/html/final/eng/sib/10_04/oct_02.htm|title=The Palestinian Authority's support of Hamas' suicide terrorism|accessdate=4 May 2008|date=October 2004}}</ref>

Revision as of 21:27, 14 December 2016

Dolphinarium suicide bombing
Part of the Second Intifada militancy campaign
The abandoned ruins of the Dolphinarium in 2012.
The attack site is located in Tel Aviv
The attack site
The attack site
The attack site is located in Central Israel
The attack site
The attack site
LocationTel Aviv, Israel
Coordinates32°04′02″N 34°45′42″E / 32.06722°N 34.76167°E / 32.06722; 34.76167
Date1 June 2001
23:30 pm (GMT+2)
Attack type
Suicide bombing
Deaths21 victims (+1 bomber)
Injured100+
PerpetratorsIslamic Jihad
Hamas
AssailantSaeed Hotari
Inscription on the back of the dolphinarium massacre memorial

The Dolphinarium discotheque massacre was a Hamas terrorism attack on 1 June 2001 in which a Hamas-affiliated Islamist terrorist blew himself up outside a nightclub in Tel Aviv, Israel, killing 21 Israelis, 16 of them teenagers.[1][2][3] The majority of the victims were teenage girls, whose families had recently immigrated from the former Soviet Union.

The attack

Suicide bomber Saeed Hotari was standing in line on a Friday night in front of the Dolphinarium, when the area was packed with youngsters (most of them from Russian-speaking families) waiting for admission. Survivors of the attack later described how the young Palestinian bomber appeared to taunt his victims before the explosion, wandering among them dressed in a disguise that led his victims to mistake him for an Orthodox Jew from Asia. Before detonating his bomb, he banged a drum packed with explosives and ball-bearings, while taunting his victims in Hebrew with the words "Something's going to happen".[4] At 23:27, he detonated his explosive device.[5] Witnesses claimed that body parts lay all over the area, and that bodies were piled one above another on the sidewalk before being collected. Many civilians in the vicinity of the bombing rushed to assist emergency services.

The suicide bombing followed a failed attack attempt on the same target five months earlier.[6]

Fatalities

Dolphinarim Massacre memorial on the Tel Aviv dolphinarium site
File:Dolphinarium discotheque suicide bombing by Victor Brindatch oil on canvas painting 100x130.jpg
Dolphinarium discotheque suicide bombing by Victor Brindatch oil on canvas painting size 100x130

One Israeli soldier and 20 civilians, the majority teenage girls whose parents had made aliyah to Israel from the former Soviet Union, were murdered in the attack:[7]

Perpetrators

Both Islamic Jihad and a group calling itself "Hezbollah-Palestine" originally claimed responsibility for the suicide bombing, only to later retract the claims.[29] Later on it was revealed that the attack was carried out by Saeed Hotari, age 22, a militant linked to the Palestinian Islamist militant group Hamas.[30]

Official reactions

Involved parties

 Israel:

  • Israeli officials called the attack a "massacre".[31]

 Palestinian territories:

  • President of the Palestinian Authority Yasser Arafat condemned the attack and called for a cease-fire.[32]
Supranational
  •  United Nations – U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan stated that he "condemns this indiscriminate terrorist attack in the strongest possible terms." and that the attack "underlines the urgency of breaking the cycle of violence".[33]
International
  •  Kuwait – The Kuwaiti Foreign Minister and acting Premier Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah stated that he does not support Palestinian suicide bombings against civilians.[34]
  •  United States – U.S. president George W. Bush stated that he condemns the attack in the strongest terms and that "There is no justification for senseless attacks against innocent civilians."[35]

Aftermath

After the attack many in the Israeli public demanded a harsh military retaliation; nevertheless, Prime Minister Ariel Sharon decided to not take any immediate retaliatory actions. US and other governments applied heavy diplomatic pressure on Israel to refrain from action.[32] Nevertheless, the attack was later on noted as one of the reasons cited by the Israeli government for building the Israeli West Bank barrier.[36]

In Ramallah dozens of Palestinians celebrated in the streets and fired in the air as a sign of celebration.[37] The bomber, Saeed Hotari, was praised as a martyr by his father.[38] President George W. Bush demanded that Yasser Arafat condemn the terrorist act.[39] The next day, Israeli-Arabs barricaded themselves in the Hassan Bek Mosque opposite the Dolphinarium site and threw objects at the police.[40]

According to the Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, an Israeli-based organization with close ties to the IDF, among the materials seized by the IDF in the course of Operation Defensive Shield were two documents issued by the Martyrs' Families and Injured Care Establishment, which is under the authority of the Palestinian National Authority's Ministry of Social Affairs. The documents detail the transfer of $US2,000 to the father of the suicide bomber, who was living in Jordan at that time (18 June 2001). According to the Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, the transfer was made despite the suicide bomber's Hamas affiliation, despite the father's public support of the suicide bombing attack, and despite Arafat's public condemnation of the bombing.[41]

The Dolphinarium site

Immediately as a result of the bombing, the Dolphinarium discotheque has remained as an abandoned ruin on the Tel Aviv beachfront, covered with graffiti - and has remained as such as of 2016. For years, family members of the victims have unsuccessfully campaigned to permanently preserve the ruined building as a monument to the attack, however, the site is currently up for sale to property developers.[42] Memorial services to the victims of the attack are held every year at the site by friends and family of the victims.[43]

The site of the abandoned Dolphinarium in 2012

See also

References

  1. ^ O'Sullivan, Arieh (November 25, 2001). "No. 1 Hamas terrorist killed. Followers threaten revenge in Tel Aviv". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved January 30, 2009.
  2. ^ Fisher, Ian (January 29, 2006). "In Hamas's Overt Hatred, Many Israelis See Hope". New York Times. Retrieved January 30, 2009.
  3. ^ Ynet – פיגוע בדולפינריום – , ynet.co.il; accessed 2 September 2015.
  4. ^ Chris McGreal,3,000 dead yet peace remains elusive, guardian.co.uk, 29 September 2003.
  5. ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaaT7vdSXrI#t=120
  6. ^ "Bloody Terrorist Attack in Tel Aviv – 18 Youth Killed" (in Hebrew). Ynet. June 2, 2001. Retrieved May 4, 2008.
  7. ^ "List of Victims of the Dolphinarium Terrorist Attack". Embassy of Israel in Washington DC. June 4, 2001. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
  8. ^ "Maria Tagilchev". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  9. ^ "Raisa Nimrovsky". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  10. ^ "Anya Kazachkov". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  11. ^ "Katherine Kastaniyada-Talkir". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  12. ^ "Irina Nepomneschi". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  13. ^ "Mariana Medvedenko". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  14. ^ "Yulia Nelimov". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  15. ^ "Liana Sakiyan". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  16. ^ "Marina Berkovizki". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  17. ^ "Simona Rodin". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  18. ^ "Alexei Lupalo". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  19. ^ "Yelena Nelimov". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  20. ^ "Irena Usdachi". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  21. ^ "Ilya Gutman". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  22. ^ "Roman Dezanshvili". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  23. ^ "Pvt Diez Normanov". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  24. ^ "Ori Shahar". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  25. ^ "Yael-Yulia Sklianik". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  26. ^ "Sergei Panchenko". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  27. ^ "Jan Bloom". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  28. ^ "Yevgenia Dorfman". GxMSDev. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  29. ^ Bomb horror hits Tel Aviv disco Archived 2008-05-16 at the Wayback Machine, The Jerusalem Post, 4 June 2001.
  30. ^ "Bomber went to West Bank for a better life". the Guardian. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  31. ^ Shalom, Silvan. "Q&A with Foreign Minister Silvan Shalom", Haaretz, 8 May 2008.
  32. ^ a b Deborah Sontag, "Arafat Calls for Cease-Fire, Deploring Tel Aviv Attack", New York Times, 3 June 2001.
  33. ^ Press Release SG/SM/7829 Archived 2012-06-09 at the Wayback Machine, domino.un.org, 1 June 2001.
  34. ^ "Tel-Aviv suicide bombing at the Dolphin disco-1-Jun-2001". MFA. June 2, 2001.
  35. ^ "Israeli police: Four dead in Tel Aviv bombing". CNN. February 25, 2005.
  36. ^ Israel Foreign Ministry, Four Years of Conflict: Israel's war against terrorism, 3 October 2004, p. 28
  37. ^ David Rudge, "Bomb horror hits Tel Aviv disco" Archived 2006-12-05 at the Wayback Machine, jpost.com; accessed 2 September 2015.
  38. ^ "Write better papers, faster!". Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  39. ^ "Bush to Arafat: You Must Condemn This Terrible Attack" (in Hebrew). Ynet. June 2, 2001. Retrieved May 4, 2008.
  40. ^ 14 лет со дня чудовищного теракта в тель-авивском "Дольфи" 01.06.2015 22:41, 9tv.co.il
  41. ^ "The Palestinian Authority's support of Hamas' suicide terrorism". October 2004. Retrieved May 4, 2008.
  42. ^ [Decided the fate of Tel Aviv Dolphinarium Решилась судьба тель-авивского дельфинария] 27-12-2014, 01:30, ЛЕОНИД РАБИН
  43. ^ 14 лет со дня чудовищного теракта в тель-авивском "Дольфи" 01.06.2015 22:41, 9tv.co.il
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