Jump to content

Skylake (microarchitecture): Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Line 254: Line 254:
|-
|-
| 10 (20)
| 10 (20)
| 7900X<ref name="TR_skylakeX"/>
| '''[http://ark.intel.com/products/123613/ 7900X]'''<ref name="TR_skylakeX"/>
| 3.3 GHz
| 3.3 GHz
| 4.3 GHz
| 4.3 GHz

Revision as of 01:33, 2 June 2017

Skylake
General information
LaunchedLaunched at Gamescom on August 5, 2015[1]
CPUID code0506e3h
Product code80662
Performance
Max. CPU clock rateUp to 4.5 GHz
Cache
L1 cache64 kiB per core
L2 cache256 kiB per core
L3 cache16500 kiB shared
Architecture and classification
InstructionsMMX, AES-NI, CLMUL, FMA3
Extensions
Physical specifications
Transistors
Cores
  • 2–18
Sockets
Products, models, variants
Brand name
    • Core i3
    • Core i5
    • Core i7
    • Core i9
    • Core m3
    • Core m5
    • Core m7
    • Xeon
    • Pentium
History
PredecessorBroadwell (Tick/Process)
SuccessorKaby Lake (Optimization)

Skylake[7][8] is the codename used by Intel for a processor microarchitecture which was launched in August 2015[9] succeeding the Broadwell microarchitecture.[10] Skylake is a microarchitecture redesign using the same 14 nm manufacturing process technology[11] as its predecessor Broadwell, serving as a "tock" in Intel's "tick-tock" manufacturing and design model. According to Intel, the redesign brings greater CPU and GPU performance and reduced power consumption. It has been succeeded by Kaby Lake.

Skylake is the last Intel platform on which Windows earlier than Windows 10 will be officially supported by Microsoft.[12]

Development history

Skylake's development, as with processors such as Banias, Dothan, Conroe, Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge, was primarily undertaken by Intel Israel [13] at its engineering research center in Haifa, Israel. The Haifa development team worked on the project for four years, and faced many challenges: "But by re-writing the microarchitecture and developing new concepts such as the Speed Shift Technology, we created a processor for 4.5 W to 45 W mobile devices, and up to 91 W for desktop devices."[14] The Skylake processors will be used to power a wide range of devices, from smartphones and tablets, all the way to desktops.[15] "Because of Skylake's features, companies will be able to release laptop PCs that are half as thick and half as heavy as those from five years ago," according to Intel.[16]

In September 2014, Intel announced the Skylake microarchitecture at the Intel Developer Forum in San Francisco, and that volume shipments of Skylake CPUs were scheduled for the second half of 2015. Also, the Skylake development platform was announced to be available in Q1 2015. During the announcement, Intel also demonstrated two computers with desktop and mobile Skylake prototypes: the first was a desktop testbed system, running the latest version of 3DMark, while the second computer was a fully functional laptop, playing 4K video.[17]

An initial batch of Skylake CPU models (6600K and 6700K) was announced for immediate availability during the Gamescom on August 5, 2015,[1] unusually soon after the release of its predecessor, Broadwell, which had suffered from launch delays.[18] Intel acknowledged in 2014 that moving from 22 nm (Haswell) to 14 nm (Broadwell) had been its most difficult process to develop yet, causing Broadwell's planned launch to slip by several months;[19] yet, the 14 nm production was back on track and in full production as of Q3 2014.[20] Industry observers had initially believed that the issues impacting Broadwell would also cause Skylake to slip to 2016, but Intel was able to bring forward Skylake's release and shorten Broadwell's release cycle instead.[21][22] As a result, the Broadwell architecture had an unusually short run.[21]

Overclocking of unsupported processors

Officially Intel supported overclocking of only the "K" versions of Skylake processors. However, it was later discovered that other "non-K" chips could be overclocked by modifying the base clock value – a process made feasible by the base clock only applying to the CPU, RAM, and integrated graphics on Skylake. Through beta UEFI firmware updates, some motherboard vendors, such as ASRock (which prominently promoted it under the name "Sky OC") allowed the base clock to be modified in this manner.[23][24]

In February 2016, however, an ASRock firmware update removed the feature. On February 9, 2016, Intel announced that it would no longer allow such overclocking of non-K processors, and that it had issued a CPU microcode update which removes the function.[25][26][27] In April 2016 ASRock started selling motherboards which allow overclocking of unsupported CPUs using an external clock generator.[28][29]

Operating system support

While Skylake and Kaby Lake CPUs are fully compatible with most existing x86/x86-64 operating systems, full support for all CPU features may vary depending on OS.[30]

In January 2016, Microsoft announced that it would end support of Windows 7 and Windows 8.1 on Skylake processors effective July 17, 2017; after this date, only the "most critical" updates for the two operating systems would be released for Skylake users if they have been judged not to affect the reliability of the OS on older hardware, and Windows 10 would be the only Microsoft Windows platform officially supported on Skylake, as well as all future Intel CPU microarchitectures beginning with Skylake's successor Kaby Lake. Terry Myerson stated that Microsoft had to make a "large investment" in order to reliably support Skylake on older versions of Windows, and that future generations of processors would require further investments. Microsoft also stated that due to the age of the platform, it would be "challenging" for newer hardware, firmware, and device driver combinations to properly run under Windows 7.[31][32]

On March 18, 2016, in response to criticism over the move, primarily from enterprise customers, Microsoft announced revisions to the support policy, changing the cutoff for support and non-critical updates to July 17, 2018 and stating that Skylake users would receive all critical security updates for Windows 7 and 8.1 through the end of extended support.[33][34]

On August 11, 2016, Microsoft announced a further reprieve for users of Windows 7 and 8.x, giving support to the former until January 14, 2020, and to the latter until January 2023.[35][36]

As of Linux kernel version 4.5, Skylake mobile products are not fully supported, missing support for some Low-Power Idle States. Because of that, long term reliability can be reduced.[37]

As of OpenBSD version 6.1, Skylake is not supported, missing support for video acceleration amongst other things.[38]

Features

Like its predecessor, Broadwell, Skylake is available in four variants, identified by the suffixes "S" (SKL-S), "H" (SKL-H), "U" (SKL-U), and "Y" (SKL-Y). SKL-S contains an overclockable "K" variant with unlocked multipliers.[39] The H, U and Y variants are manufactured in ball grid array (BGA) packaging, while the S variant is manufactured in land grid array (LGA) packaging using a new socket, LGA 1151.[40] Skylake is used in conjunction with Intel 100 Series chipsets, also known as Sunrise Point.[41]

The major changes between the Haswell and Skylake architectures include the removal of the fully integrated voltage regulator (FIVR) introduced with Haswell.[42] On the variants that will use a discrete Platform Controller Hub (PCH), Direct Media Interface (DMI) 2.0 is replaced by DMI 3.0, which allows speeds of up to 8 GT/s.

Skylake's U and Y variants support one DIMM slot per channel, while H and S variants support two DIMM slots per channel.[40] Skylake's launch and sales lifespan occur at the same time as the ongoing SDRAM market transition, with DDR3 SDRAM memory gradually being replaced by DDR4 memory. Rather than working exclusively with DDR4, the Skylake microarchitecture remains backward compatible by interoperating with both types of memory. Accompanying the microarchitecture's support for both memory standards, a new SO-DIMM type capable of carrying either DDR3 or DDR4 memory chips, called UniDIMM, was also announced.[43]

Skylake's few P variants have a reduced on-die graphics unit (12 exections units enabled instead of 24 execution units) over their direct counterparts, see the table below. In contrast, with Ivy Bridge CPUs the P suffix was used for CPUs with completely disabled on-die video chipset.

Other enhancements include Thunderbolt 3.0, SATA Express, Iris Pro graphics with Direct3D feature level 12_1 with up to 128 MB of L4 eDRAM cache on certain SKUs.[44] The Skylake line of processors retires VGA support,[45] while supporting up to five monitors connected via HDMI 1.4, DisplayPort 1.2 or Embedded DisplayPort (eDP) interfaces.[46] HDMI 2.0 (4K@60 Hz) is only supported on motherboards equipped with Intel’s Alpine Ridge Thunderbolt controller.[47]

The Skylake instruction set changes include Intel MPX (Memory Protection Extensions) and Intel SGX (Software Guard Extensions). Future Xeon variants will also have Advanced Vector Extensions 3.2 ("AVX-512F").[3][4]

Skylake-based laptops may use wireless technology called Rezence for charging, and other wireless technologies for communication with peripherals. Many major PC vendors have agreed to use this technology in Skylake-based laptops, which should be released by the end of 2015.[48]

The integrated GPU of Skylake's S variant supports on Windows DirectX 12 Feature Level 12_1, OpenGL 4.4 (OpenGL 4.5 on Linux[49]) and OpenCL 2.0 standards, as well as some modern hardware video encoding/decoding formats such as VP9 (GPU accelerated decode only), VP8 and HEVC (hardware accelerated 8-bit encode/decode and GPU accelerated 10-bit decode).[50][51]

Intel also released unlocked (capable of overclocking) mobile Skylake CPUs.[52]

Unlike previous generations, Skylake-based Xeon E3 no longer works with a desktop chipset that supports the same socket, and requires either the C232 or the C236 chipset to operate.

Architecture

  • Improved front-end, deeper out-of-order buffers, improved execution units, more execution units (third vector integer ALU(VALU)) for five ALUs in total, more load/store bandwidth, improved hyper-threading (wider retirement), speedup of AES-GCM and AES-CBC by 17% and 33% accordingly.[53][54]
  • 14 nm manufacturing process[55]
  • LGA 1151 socket for desktop processors
  • 100 Series chipset (Sunrise Point)[56]
  • Thermal design power (TDP) up to 95 W (LGA 1151)[57]
  • Support for both DDR3L SDRAM and DDR4 SDRAM in mainstream variants, using custom UniDIMM SO-DIMM form factor[58][59][60] with up to 64 GB of RAM on LGA 1151 variants. Usual DDR3 memory is also supported by certain motherboard vendors even though Intel doesn't officially support it.[61][62]
  • Support for 16 PCI Express 3.0 lanes from CPU, 20 PCI Express 3.0 lanes from PCH (LGA 1151)
  • Support for Thunderbolt 3 (Alpine Ridge)[63]
  • 64 to 128 MB L4 eDRAM cache on certain SKUs
  • Up to four cores as the default mainstream configuration[58]
  • AVX-512: F, CDI, VL, BW, and DQ for some future Xeon variants, but not Xeon E3[3]
  • Intel MPX (Memory Protection Extensions)
  • Intel SGX (Software Guard Extensions)
  • Intel Speed Shift[64]
  • Skylake's integrated Gen9 GPU supports Direct3D 12 at the feature level 12_1[7][65][66]
  • Full fixed function HEVC Main/8bit encoding/decoding acceleration. Hybrid/Partial HEVC Main10/10bit decoding acceleration. JPEG encoding acceleration for resolutions up to 16,000×16,000 pixels. Partial VP9 encoding/decoding acceleration.[67]

Configurations

Skylake processors are produced in four main families: Y, U, H and S. Multiple configurations are available within each family:[40]

Feature Family
Y U H S
Integrated L4 cache • • •
For lower power consumption mobile or embedded systems • • •
Socketable; for desktop;
some with Configurable thermal design power (cTDP),
selecting 35 W or 95 W modes;
High-performance 95 W TDP version (no L4 cache) 		•
DDR3 SDRAM
(low-power) 		• • • •
DDR4 SDRAM • • •
Smaller than Broadwell counterpart •

List of Skylake processors

Desktop processors

Common features of the desktop Skylake CPUs:

  • LGA 1151 socket, except for Skylake-R CPUs which feature socket FCBGA1440[68] and Skylake-X which use LGA 2066
  • DMI 3.0 and PCIe 3.0 interfaces
  • Dual channel memory support in the following configurations: DDR3L-1600 1.35 V (32GiB maximum) or DDR4-2133 1.2 V (64GiB maximum). DDR3 is unofficially supported through some motherboard vendors[69][70][71]
  • Quad channel memory support for DDR4-2400 or DDR4-2666[72]
  • ≥16 PCI-E 3.0 lanes
  • The Core-branded processors support the AVX2 instruction set. The Celeron and Pentium-branded ones support only SSE4.1/4.2.
  • 350 MHz base graphics clock rate
Target
segment 		Cores
(threads) 		Processor
branding and model 		CPU clock rate CPU Turbo clock rate GPU model EUs Max

graphics clock rate

L1 cache

(data + instruction)

L2

cache

L3
cache 		L4 cache (eDRAM) TDP Socket Release
date 		Release
price
(USD)
Single core Dual core Quad core
High Performance 18 (36) Core i9 7980XE[72] TBD TBD TBD TBD — TBA 18× 1 MB 18× 1.375 MB - TBD LGA 2066 TBD $1999
16 (32) 7960X[72] TBD TBD TBD TBD TBA 16× 1 MB 16× 1.375 MB TBD TBD $1699
14 (28) 7940X[72] TBD TBD TBD TBD TBA 14× 1 MB 14× 1.375 MB TBD TBD $1399
12 (24) 7920X[72] TBD TBD TBD TBD TBA 12× 1 MB 12× 1.375 MB TBD TBD $1199
10 (20) 7900X[72] 3.3 GHz 4.3 GHz 4.5 GHz TBD TBA 10× 1 MB 13.75 MB 140 W TBD $999
8 (16) Core i7 7820X[72] 3.6 GHz 4.3 GHz 4.5 GHz TBD TBA 8× 1 MB 11 MB TBD $599
6 (12) 7800X[72] 3.5 GHz 4.0 GHz — TBD TBA 8× 1 MB 8.25 MB TBD $389
Performance 4 (8) 6700K 4.0 GHz 4.2 GHz 4.0 GHz 4.0 GHz HD 530 24 1150 MHz [73] 4× 32 KB +
4× 32 KB 0 		4× 256 KB 8 MB 91 W LGA 1151 August 5, 2015 $339
6785R 3.3 GHz 3.9 GHz 3.8 GHz 3.5 GHz Iris Pro 580 72 128MB 65 W FCBGA1440 May 3, 2016 $370
6700 3.4 GHz 4.0 GHz 3.9 GHz 3.7 GHz HD 530 24 - LGA 1151 September 1, 2015 $303
6700T 2.8 GHz 3.6 GHz 3.5 GHz 3.4 GHz 35 W $303
Mainstream 4 (4) Core i5 6600K 3.5 GHz 3.9 GHz 3.8 GHz 3.6 GHz 6 MB 91 W August 5, 2015 $242
6685R 3.2 GHz 3.8 GHz 3.7 GHz 3.3 GHz Iris Pro 580 72 128MB 65 W FCBGA1440 May 3, 2016 $288
6600 3.3 GHz 3.9 GHz 3.8 GHz 3.6 GHz HD 530 24 - LGA 1151 September 1, 2015 $213
6585R 2.8 GHz 3.6 GHz 3.5 GHz 3.1 GHz Iris Pro 580 72 1100 MHz 128MB FCBGA1440 May 3, 2016 $255
6500 3.2 GHz 3.6 GHz 3.5 GHz 3.3 GHz HD 530 24 1050 MHz - LGA 1151 September 1, 2015 $192
6600T 2.7 GHz 3.5 GHz 3.4 GHz 3.3 GHz 1100 MHz 35 W Q3 2015 $213
6500T 2.5 GHz 3.1 GHz 3.0 GHz 2.8 GHz $192
6402P 2.8 GHz 3.4 GHz 3.4 GHz 3.2 GHz HD 510 12 950 MHz 65 W December 27, 2015 $182
6400T 2.2 GHz 2.8 GHz 2.7 GHz 2.5 GHz HD 530 24 35 W Q3 2015
6400 2.7 GHz 3.3 GHz 3.3 GHz 3.1 GHz 65 W August 5, 2015
2 (4) Core i3 6320 3.9 GHz — 1150 MHz 2× 32 KB +
2× 32 KB 0 		2× 256 KB 4 MB 51 W TBD $149
6300 3.8 GHz $138
6100 3.7 GHz 1050 MHz 3 MB October 2015 $117
6300T 3.3 GHz 950 MHz 4 MB 35 W $138
6100T 3.2 GHz 3 MB $117
6098P 3.6 GHz HD 510 12 1050 MHz 54 W December 27, 2015
2 (2) Pentium G4520 3.6 GHz HD 530 24 51 W October 2015 $86
G4500 3.5 GHz $75
G4500T 3.0 GHz 950 MHz 35 W Q3 2015
G4400 3.3 GHz HD 510 12 1000 MHz 54 W October 2015 $64
G4400T 2.9 GHz 950 MHz 35 W Q3 2015
G4400TE 2.4 GHz Q4 2015 $70
Celeron G3920 2.9 GHz 2 MB 51 W $52
G3900 2.8 GHz $42
G3900TE 2.3 GHz 35 W
G3900T 2.6 GHz ?

Mobile processors

See also "Server, Mobile" below for mobile workstation processors.

Target
segment 		Cores
(threads) 		Processor
branding and
model 		CPU
clock
rate 		CPU Turbo clock rate GPU model GPU clock rate L3
cache 		L4
cache 		Max. PCIe lanes TDP cTDP Release date Price (USD)
Single core Dual core Quad core Base Max Up Down
Performance 4 (8) Core i7 6970HQ 2.8 GHz 3.7 GHz ? Iris Pro 580 350 MHz 1050 MHz 8 MB 128 MB 16 45 W — 35 W Q1 2016 $623
6920HQ 2.9 GHz 3.8 GHz 3.6 GHz 3.4 GHz HD 530 — September 1, 2015 $568
6870HQ 2.7 GHz 3.6 GHz ? Iris Pro 580 1000 MHz 128 MB Q1 2016 $434
6820HQ 2.7 GHz 3.6 GHz 3.4 GHz 3.2 GHz HD 530 1050 MHz — September 1, 2015 $378
6820HK
6770HQ 2.6 GHz 3.5 GHz ? Iris Pro 580 950 MHz 6 MB 128 MB Q1 2016 $434
6700HQ 2.6 GHz 3.5 GHz 3.3 GHz 3.1 GHz HD 530 1050 MHz — September 1, 2015 $378
Mainstream 2 (4) 6660U 2.4 GHz 3.4 GHz 3.2 GHz — Iris 540 300 MHz 4 MB 64 MB 12 15 W 9.5 W TBD $415
6650U 2.2 GHz Iris 540
6600U 2.6 GHz — HD 520 — 25 W 7.5 W September 1, 2015 $393
6567U 3.3 GHz 3.6 GHz 3.4 GHz Iris 550 1100 MHz 64 MB 28 W — 23 W TBD TBD
6560U 2.2 GHz 3.2 GHz 3.1 GHz Iris 540 1050 MHz 15 W 9.5 W
6500U 2.5 GHz 3.1 GHz 3.0 GHz HD 520 — 7.5 W September 1, 2015 $393
4 (4) Core i5 6440HQ 2.6 GHz 3.5 GHz 3.3 GHz 3.1 GHz HD 530 350 MHz 950 MHz 6 MB 16 45 W 35 W $250
2 (4) 6360U 2.0 GHz 3.1 GHz 2.9 GHz — Iris 540 300 MHz 1000 MHz 4 MB 64 MB 12 15 W 9.5 W TBD $304
4 (4) 6350HQ 2.3 GHz 3.2 GHz ? Iris Pro 580 350 MHz 900 MHz 6 MB 128 MB 16 45 W 35 W Q1 2016 $306
6300HQ 3.0 GHz 2.8 GHz HD 530 950 MHz — September 1, 2015 $250
2 (4) 6300U 2.4 GHz 3.0 GHz 2.9 GHz — HD 520 300 MHz 1000 MHz 3 MB 12 15 W 7.5 W $281
6287U 3.1 GHz 3.5 GHz 3.3 GHz Iris 550 1100 MHz 4 MB 64 MB 28 W 23 W TBD $304
6267U 2.9 GHz 3.3 GHz 3.1 GHz 1050 MHz 23 W
6260U 1.8 GHz 2.9 GHz 2.7 GHz Iris 540 950 MHz 15 W 9.5 W TBD $304
6200U 2.3 GHz 2.8 GHz HD 520 1000 MHz 3 MB — 7.5 W September 1, 2015 $281
Core i3 6167U 2.7 GHz — — Iris 550 64 MB 28 W 23 W TBD $304
6157U 2.4 GHz Q3 2016
6100H 2.7 GHz HD 530 350 MHz 900 MHz — 35 W — September 1, 2015 $225
6100U 2.3 GHz HD 520 300 MHz 1000 MHz 15 W 7.5 W $281
Core m7 6Y75 1.2 GHz 3.1 GHz 2.9 GHz HD 515 300 MHz 4 MB 10 4.5 W 7 W 3.5 W $393
Core m5 6Y57 1.1 GHz 2.8 GHz 2.4 GHz 900 MHz $281
6Y54 2.7 GHz
Core m3 6Y30 0.9 GHz 2.2 GHz 2.0 GHz 850 MHz 3.8 W
Pentium 4405U 2.1 GHz — — HD 510 950 MHz 2 MB 15 W — 10 W TBD $161
4405Y 1.5 GHz HD 515 800 MHz 6 W 4.5 W
2 (2) Celeron G3902E 1.6 GHz — HD 510 350 MHz 950 MHz 16 25 W — Q1 2016 $107
G3900E 2.4 GHz 35 W
3955U 2.0 GHz 300 MHz 900 MHz 10 15 W 10 W Q4 2015
3855U 1.6 GHz

Server processors

E3 series server chips all consist of System Bus 9 GT/s, max. memory bandwidth of 34.1 GB/s dual channel memory. Unlike its predecessor, the Skylake Xeon CPUs require either a C232 or a C236 chipset to operate.

Skylake E3-12xx and E3 15xx v5 SKUs
Target
segment 		Cores
(threads) 		Processor
branding and model 		GPU
model 		Clock rate L3
cache 		L4
cache 		TDP Release
date 		Release
price (USD)
tray / box 		Motherboard
CPU Graphics Socket Interface Memory
Normal Turbo Normal Turbo
Server 4 (8) Xeon E3 v5 1280v5 — 3.7 GHz 4.0 GHz — 8 MB — 80 W Q4 15 $612 / — LGA
1151 		DMI 3
PCIe 3.0
DDR4
2133/1866
or
DDR3L
1333/1600
with ECC
1275v5 HD (P530) 3.6 GHz 350 MHz 1.15 GHz $339 / —
1270v5 — 3.6 GHz — $328 / $339
1260Lv5 2.9 GHz 3.9 GHz 45 W $294 / —
1245v5 HD (P530) 3.5 GHz 350 MHz 1.15 GHz 80 W $284 / —
1240v5 — 3.5 GHz — $272 / $282
1240Lv5 2.1 GHz 3.2 GHz 25 W $278 / —
1230v5 3.4 GHz 3.8 GHz 80 W $250 / $260
4 (4) 1235Lv5 HD (P530) 2.0 GHz 3.0 GHz 350 MHz 1.15 GHz 25 W $250 / —
1225v5 3.3 GHz 3.7 GHz 80 W $213 / —
1220v5 — 3.0 GHz 3.5 GHz — $193 / —
Mobile 4 (8) 1575Mv5 Iris Pro 580 3.0 GHz 3.9 GHz 350 MHz 1.1 GHz 128 MB 45 W Q1 16 $1207 / — BGA
1440
DDR4-2133
LPDDR3-1866
DDR3L-1600
with ECC
1545Mv5 2.9 GHz 3.8 GHz 1.05 GHz $679 / —
1535Mv5 HD (P530) 2.9 GHz 3.8 GHz — Q3 15 $623 / —
1505Mv5 2.8 GHz 3.7 GHz $434 / —
Server/embedded 1505Lv5 2.0 GHz 2.8 GHz 1.0 GHz 25 W Q4 15 $433 / —

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Intel to Debut its Core "Skylake" Processors at Gamescom 2015". TechPowerUp.
  2. ^ Tom's Hardware: Skylake Xeon Platforms Spotted, Purley Makes A Quiet Splash At Computex. June 3, 2016
  3. ^ a b c "AVX-512 SIMD enabled only on Xeon models of SkyLake". Bits and Chips.
  4. ^ a b "Skylake processors for the PC will not support the AVX-512". Hardware-Boom – Hardware News, Tests and Reviews.
  5. ^ "Intel Core i7-6700K Processor (8M Cache, up to 4.20 GHz)".
  6. ^ Cutress, Ian. "The Intel Skylake Mobile and Desktop Launch, with Architecture Analysis". Anandtech. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
  7. ^ a b https://software.intel.com/sites/default/files/managed/c5/9a/The-Compute-Architecture-of-Intel-Processor-Graphics-Gen9-v1d0.pdf
  8. ^ http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/manuals/64-ia-32-architectures-optimization-manual.pdf
  9. ^ "Intel Unleashes Next-Gen Enthusiast Desktop PC Platform at Gamescom". Intel Newsroom. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
  10. ^ Demerjian, Charlie. "After Intel's Haswell comes Broadwell". Semiaccurate.com. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
  11. ^ "Intel Presentation: 22nm Details" (PDF). Retrieved January 4, 2012.
  12. ^ http://www.techradar.com/news/software/operating-systems/intel-s-latest-cpus-will-only-support-windows-10-1327487
  13. ^ Intel in Israel: A Fab Relationship Faces Criticism September 29, 2014, KNOWLEDGE@WHARTON
  14. ^ Intel Introduced its 6th Generation Intel Core Published September 2, 2015, techtime.co.il
  15. ^ Intel Is Putting Its Promising Skylake CPUs Inside Smartphones Sean Hollister, 9/02/15 7:50pm
  16. ^ Intel's Skylake chips to power PCs as thin as tablets, with big battery boost September 2, 2015 12:31 AM PDT, Shara Tibken, cnet
  17. ^ "Intel announces Skylake microarchitecture".
  18. ^ "Intel Corporation Launching Broadwell, Skylake Chips Back to Back". ValueWalk. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
  19. ^ Ryan Smith. "AnandTech – Intel's 14nm Technology in Detail".
  20. ^ "Intel Broadwell and Skylake client CPUs both launching in 2015".
  21. ^ a b "Intel's 14nm puzzle: As Skylake details leak, everybody asks – is the chip coming in 2015 or not?". ExtremeTech. July 14, 2014. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
  22. ^ Piyush Arora (October 15, 2014). "Intel: Skylake Development Appears To Be On Schedule".
  23. ^ "Intel puts a stop to overclocking on non-K Skylake CPUs". PC Gamer. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
  24. ^ "Intel Skylake Non-K OC KOed by ASRock". Hexus. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
  25. ^ "BCLK Overclocking Intel's non-K Skylake Processors: Coming Soon". AnandTech. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
  26. ^ "It's official: Intel shuts down the cheap overclocking party by closing Skylake loophole". PCWorld. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
  27. ^ "Yes, you can overclock cheap Intel Skylake chips". PC World. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
  28. ^ "New ASRock motherboards sport external clock generators for Intel CPU overclocking |". ExtremeTech. Retrieved April 10, 2016.
  29. ^ 株式会社インプレス. "独自OC機能を備えたH170マザーがASRockから登場、計2モデル - AKIBA PC Hotline!". AKIBA PC Hotline! (in Japanese). Retrieved April 10, 2016.
  30. ^ Chiappetta, Marco. "Here's Why Intel Kaby Lake And AMD Zen Will Only Be Optimized On Windows 10". Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  31. ^ "Skylake users given 18 months to upgrade to Windows 10". Ars Technica. Retrieved January 16, 2016.
  32. ^ Bott, Ed. "Microsoft updates support policy: New CPUs will require Windows 10". ZDNet. CBS Interactive. Retrieved January 16, 2016.
  33. ^ "Skylake support on Windows 7 and 8.1 given a one-year extension". Ars Technica. Retrieved March 18, 2016.
  34. ^ "Microsoft backtracks on Windows 7 support deadline". Computerworld. Retrieved March 18, 2016.
  35. ^ http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-extends-again-support-for-windows-7-8-1-skylake-based-devices/
  36. ^ "Microsoft curtails its support for Skylake-based Windows Embedded 7 and 8 devices". ZDNet. Retrieved August 11, 2016.
  37. ^ "mjg59 | Skylake's power management under Linux is dreadful and you shouldn't buy one until it's fixed". mjg59.dreamwidth.org. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
  38. ^ Unangst, Ted (September 10, 2016). "openbsd laptops". www.tedunangst.com. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
  39. ^ "Intel Skylake-S desktop CPUs expected at IDF 2015 in August". February 17, 2015.
  40. ^ a b c Pirzada, Syed Muhammad Usman (June 27, 2014). "Massive Intel 14nm Skylake Leak – Multiple eDRAM Configurations and Desktop Variant to have Configurable TDP". WCCFTech. WCCFTech Prvt. Ltd. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
  41. ^ "Intel Core "Skylake" CPUs Accompanied by 100-series Chipset". techPowerUp. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
  42. ^ Pirzada, Syed Muhammad Usman (June 5, 2014). "Intel to Abandon the Internal Voltage Regulator (IVR) with Skylake Microarchitecture". WCCFTech. WCCFTech Prvt. Ltd. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
  43. ^ "How Intel Plans to Transition Between DDR3 and DDR4 for the Mainstream". techpowerup.com. September 14, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
  44. ^ "Intel's 6th Generation Skylake Processors Scheduled For 2H 2015 – 5th Generation Broadwell in Spring '15, Updates 2015–2016 Mobility Roadmap". WCCFtech.
  45. ^ "ARK | Intel® Core™ i7-6700K Processor (8M Cache, up to 4.20 GHz)". Retrieved August 6, 2015.
  46. ^ "[Phoronix] Intel Publishes Initial Skylake Linux Graphics Support".
  47. ^ Cutress, Ian. "Intel Skylake Z170 Motherboards: A Quick Look at 55+ New Products". Retrieved August 6, 2015.
  48. ^ "Wire-free PCs, tablets and phones coming in 2015 says Intel". ZDNet. September 10, 2014.
  49. ^ Mesa 13.0 Released With Intel OpenGL 4.5
  50. ^ "Intel Skylake-S CPUs and 100-series Chipsets Detailed in Apparent Leak". NDTV Gadgets. April 17, 2015.
  51. ^ "Skylake's graphics architecture: Intel is still gunning for dedicated GPUs -- IDF15". Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  52. ^ "Intel Unleashes Next-Gen Enthusiast Desktop PC Platform at Gamescom – Technology@Intel". Technology@Intel. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
  53. ^ https://hubb.blob.core.windows.net/e5888822-986f-45f5-b1d7-08f96e618a7b-published/73ed87d8-209a-4ca1-b456-42a167ffd0bd/SPCS001%20-%20SF15_SPCS001_103f.pdf?sv=2014-02-14&sr=c&sig=yuNEr98jDu9bW8aGCRYrPy8l5CdqbhJeCDRQImSbAyg%3D&se=2015-11-30T21%3A15%3A16Z&sp=rwd
  54. ^ "Intel talks up new processor releases and celebrates an anniversary". pcgamer. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
  55. ^ "6th Generation Intel® Core™ Processor Family Datasheet, Vol. 1". Intel. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
  56. ^ "Intel's Cannonlake 10nm Microarchitecture is Due For 2016 – Compatible On Union Bay With Union Point PCH". Wccftech.com. June 6, 2014. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
  57. ^ "Intel 14nm Skylake Desktop 'Sky Bay" Platform Detailed – TDPs For DT, H-Series, U-Series, Y-Series Unveiled, Quad Core With GT4e GPU Has 95W TDP". Wccftech.com. June 5, 2014. Retrieved June 9, 2014.
  58. ^ a b "Intel Skylake Processors To Launch in 2H 2015 – Compatible With LGA 1151 Socket and Z170 Chipset, Will Feature DDR3 / DDR4 Memory Support". Wccftech.com. June 4, 2014. Retrieved June 9, 2014.
  59. ^ Shilov, Anton (April 4, 2012). "Intel to Start DDR4 Usage with Server Platforms in 2014". X-bit laboratories. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
  60. ^ "Intel Skylake Could Feature Dual DDR3/DDR4 Memory Support with Double IMCs". techpowerup.com. September 14, 2014. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
  61. ^ "GIGABYTE – Motherboard – Socket 1151 – GA-Z170-HD3 DDR3 (rev. 1.0)". Retrieved September 7, 2015.
  62. ^ "Skylake's IMC Supports Only DDR3L". Retrieved September 29, 2015.
  63. ^ Kirsch, Nathan. "Intel 2015 Platform Roadmap Shows Skylake CPUs, 100 Series Chipset and DDR4". Legit Reviews. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
  64. ^ Howse, Brett. "Examining Intel's New Speed Shift Tech on Skylake: More Responsive Processors". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
  65. ^ "Intel Skylake: Core i7-6700K und i5-6600K im Test". PC GAMES HARDWARE ONLINE. August 5, 2015. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
  66. ^ "Game Dev - Graphics API Developer's Guide For 6th Generation Intel® Core™ Processors | Intel® Developer Zone". software.intel.com. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
  67. ^ Cutress, Ian. "The Intel 6th Gen Skylake Review: Core i7-6700K and i5-6600K Tested". Retrieved August 6, 2015.
  68. ^ Shilov, Anton. "Intel Adds Crystal Well-based Skylake-R Processors: 65W with 128MB eDRAM". Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  69. ^ "GIGABYTE – Motherboard – Socket 1151 – GA-Z170-HD3 DDR3 (rev. 1.0)". Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  70. ^ "Z170-P D3 – Overview". www.asus.com. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  71. ^ "ASRock > Z170 Pro4/D3". www.asrock.com. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  72. ^ a b c d e f g h Kampman, Jeff (May 30, 2017). "Intel's Core X-series CPUs and X299 platform revealed". Tech Report. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
  73. ^ Ian Cutress (August 5, 2015). "The Intel 6th Gen Skylake Review: Core i7-6700K and i5-6600K Tested".
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skylake_(microarchitecture)&oldid=783400235"