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Abedi's parents, both born in [[Tripoli]], returned to Libya in 2011 following the [[Libyan Civil War (2011)|overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi]],<ref name="telegrsalman" /> while Abedi stayed in the United Kingdom. Abedi attended [[Burnage Academy for Boys]] in Manchester between 2009 and 2011, before going to [[The Manchester College]] until 2013 and then in 2014 enrolled at the [[University of Salford]], where he studied [[Business administration|business management]]. Abedi later dropped out to work in a bakery.<ref name="who was salman abedi" /> Manchester police believe Abedi used [[Student loan|student loans]] to finance the plot, including travel overseas to learn bomb-making.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Robert Mendick|last2=Martin Evans|last3=Victoria Ward|title=Exclusive: Manchester suicide bomber used student loan and benefits to fund terror plot|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/26/exclusive-manchester-suicide-bomber-used-student-loan-benefits/|accessdate=27 May 2017|work=The Telegraph|quote=The Manchester suicide bomber used taxpayer-funded student loans and benefits to bankroll the terror plot, police believe. Salman Abedi is understood to have received thousands of pounds in state funding in the run up to Monday’s atrocity even while he was overseas receiving bomb-making training.}}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' reported he may have received loan funding as recently as April.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ian Cobain|last2=Ewen MacAskill|title=Police focus on Libya amid reports of arrest of Salman Abedi's brother|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/may/24/manchester-attack-police-focus-on-libya-as-salman-abedi-brother-arrested|accessdate=27 May 2017|work=The Guardian|quote=Abedi studied business and management at Salford University two or three years ago, but dropped out of the course and did not complete his degree. The Guardian understands he was receiving student loan payments as recently as last month.}}</ref>
Abedi's parents, both born in [[Tripoli]], returned to Libya in 2011 following the [[Libyan Civil War (2011)|overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi]],<ref name="telegrsalman" /> while Abedi stayed in the United Kingdom. Abedi attended [[Burnage Academy for Boys]] in Manchester between 2009 and 2011, before going to [[The Manchester College]] until 2013 and then in 2014 enrolled at the [[University of Salford]], where he studied [[Business administration|business management]]. Abedi later dropped out to work in a bakery.<ref name="who was salman abedi" /> Manchester police believe Abedi used [[Student loan|student loans]] to finance the plot, including travel overseas to learn bomb-making.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Robert Mendick|last2=Martin Evans|last3=Victoria Ward|title=Exclusive: Manchester suicide bomber used student loan and benefits to fund terror plot|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/26/exclusive-manchester-suicide-bomber-used-student-loan-benefits/|accessdate=27 May 2017|work=The Telegraph|quote=The Manchester suicide bomber used taxpayer-funded student loans and benefits to bankroll the terror plot, police believe. Salman Abedi is understood to have received thousands of pounds in state funding in the run up to Monday’s atrocity even while he was overseas receiving bomb-making training.}}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' reported he may have received loan funding as recently as April.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ian Cobain|last2=Ewen MacAskill|title=Police focus on Libya amid reports of arrest of Salman Abedi's brother|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/may/24/manchester-attack-police-focus-on-libya-as-salman-abedi-brother-arrested|accessdate=27 May 2017|work=The Guardian|quote=Abedi studied business and management at Salford University two or three years ago, but dropped out of the course and did not complete his degree. The Guardian understands he was receiving student loan payments as recently as last month.}}</ref>


He was known to British security services and police but was not regarded as a high risk, having been linked to petty crime but never flagged up for radical views.<ref name="guardmosque">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/may/23/manchester-arena-attacker-named-salman-abedi-suicide-attack-ariana-grande |title=Manchester Arena attacker named by police as Salman Ramadan Abedi|work=The Guardian|date=23 May 2017|accessdate=23 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/police-reveal-manchester-attacker-salman-abedi-s-petty-criminal-past/story-iALPPyhtag37nTFGbchxhL.html|title=Police reveal Manchester attacker Salman Abedi’s petty criminal past|date=30 May 2017|publisher=}}</ref> A community worker told the BBC he had called a hotline five years before the bombing to warn police about Abedi's views and members of Britain’s [[Libyan diaspora]] said they had "warned authorities for years" about Manchester's [[Islamism in the United Kingdom|Islamist]] [[radicalisation]].<ref name="bbc2504" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Stephen|first1=Chris|title=Libyans in UK 'warned about Manchester radicalisation for years'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/may/24/libyans-in-uk-warned-about-manchester-radicalisation-for-years|accessdate=25 May 2017|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=24 May 2017}}</ref> Abedi was allegedly reported to authorities for his [[extremism]] by as many as five community leaders and family members,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/24/security-services-missed-five-opportunities-stop-manchester/|title=Security services missed five opportunities to stop the Manchester bomber|newspaper=The Telegraph|first1=Robert |last1=Mendick | first2=Gordon |last2=Rayner | first3=Martin |last3=Evans|first4= Hayley |last4=Dixon|date=25 May 2017|access-date=26 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sharman|first1=Jon|title=Manchester attack: Members of the public 'reported Salman Abedi to anti-terror hotline'|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/manchester-attack-latest-public-reported-salman-abedi-terrorism-hotline-a7754621.html|accessdate=26 May 2017|work=[[The Independent]]|date=25 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Fox|first1=Aine|last2=Abbit|first2=Beth|title=Manchester bomber Salman Abedi was banned from a mosque and reported to authorities for his extremist views|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/manchester-bomber-salman-abedi-banned-13092209|date=25 May 2017|accessdate=26 May 2017|work=Manchester Evening News}}</ref> however, the Chief Constable of Greater Manchester said Abedi was not known to the [[CONTEST|Prevent]] anti-radicalisation programme.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/may/30/salman-abedi-unknown-prevent-workers-manchester-police|title=Salman Abedi was unknown to Prevent workers, says police chief|last=Perraudin|first=Frances|work=The Guardian|date=30 May 2017|accessdate=31 May 2017}}</ref> On 29 May, MI5 launched an internal inquiry into its handling of the warnings it had received about Abedi and a second, "more in depth" inquiry, into how it missed the danger.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/29/europe/mi5-internal-inquiry-abedi/ |title=MI5 launches internal inquiry over Manchester bomber warnings |publisher=CNN |date=29 May 2017 |accessdate=29 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40080646 |title=Manchester attacks: MI5 probes bomber 'warnings' |publisher=BBC |work=BBC News |date=29 May 2017 |accessdate=29 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/may/28/mi5-launches-inquiries-into-failings-on-manchester-arena-bomber-salman-abedi-moss-side-raids-amber-rudd |title=MI5 opens inquiries into missed warnings over Manchester terror threat |author=Dodd, Vikram|date=29 May 2017|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=31 May 2017}}</ref>
He was known to British security services and police but was not regarded as a high risk, having been linked to petty crime but never flagged up for radical views.<ref name="guardmosque">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/may/23/manchester-arena-attacker-named-salman-abedi-suicide-attack-ariana-grande |title=Manchester Arena attacker named by police as Salman Ramadan Abedi|work=The Guardian|date=23 May 2017|accessdate=23 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/police-reveal-manchester-attacker-salman-abedi-s-petty-criminal-past/story-iALPPyhtag37nTFGbchxhL.html|title=Police reveal Manchester attacker Salman Abedi’s petty criminal past|date=30 May 2017|publisher=}}</ref> A community worker told the BBC he had called a hotline five years before the bombing to warn police about Abedi's views and members of Britain’s [[Libyan diaspora]] said they had "warned authorities for years" about Manchester's [[Islamism in the United Kingdom|Islamist]] [[radicalisation]].<ref name="bbc2504" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Stephen|first1=Chris|title=Libyans in UK 'warned about Manchester radicalisation for years'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/may/24/libyans-in-uk-warned-about-manchester-radicalisation-for-years|accessdate=25 May 2017|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=24 May 2017}}</ref> Abedi was allegedly reported to authorities for his [[extremism]] by as many as five community leaders and family members;<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/24/security-services-missed-five-opportunities-stop-manchester/|title=Security services missed five opportunities to stop the Manchester bomber|newspaper=The Telegraph|first1=Robert |last1=Mendick | first2=Gordon |last2=Rayner | first3=Martin |last3=Evans|first4= Hayley |last4=Dixon|date=25 May 2017|access-date=26 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sharman|first1=Jon|title=Manchester attack: Members of the public 'reported Salman Abedi to anti-terror hotline'|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/manchester-attack-latest-public-reported-salman-abedi-terrorism-hotline-a7754621.html|accessdate=26 May 2017|work=[[The Independent]]|date=25 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Fox|first1=Aine|last2=Abbit|first2=Beth|title=Manchester bomber Salman Abedi was banned from a mosque and reported to authorities for his extremist views|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/manchester-bomber-salman-abedi-banned-13092209|date=25 May 2017|accessdate=26 May 2017|work=Manchester Evening News}}</ref> the Chief Constable of Greater Manchester, though, said Abedi was not known to the [[CONTEST|Prevent]] anti-radicalisation programme.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/may/30/salman-abedi-unknown-prevent-workers-manchester-police|title=Salman Abedi was unknown to Prevent workers, says police chief|last=Perraudin|first=Frances|work=The Guardian|date=30 May 2017|accessdate=31 May 2017}}</ref> On 29 May, MI5 launched an internal inquiry into its handling of the warnings it had received about Abedi and a second, "more in depth" inquiry, into how it missed the danger.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/29/europe/mi5-internal-inquiry-abedi/ |title=MI5 launches internal inquiry over Manchester bomber warnings |publisher=CNN |date=29 May 2017 |accessdate=29 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40080646 |title=Manchester attacks: MI5 probes bomber 'warnings' |publisher=BBC |work=BBC News |date=29 May 2017 |accessdate=29 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/may/28/mi5-launches-inquiries-into-failings-on-manchester-arena-bomber-salman-abedi-moss-side-raids-amber-rudd |title=MI5 opens inquiries into missed warnings over Manchester terror threat |author=Dodd, Vikram|date=29 May 2017|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=31 May 2017}}</ref>


==Investigation==
==Investigation==

Revision as of 12:03, 2 June 2017

Manchester Arena bombing
Part of terrorism in the United Kingdom and Islamic terrorism in Europe
The exterior of Manchester Arena in 2010
Manchester Arena bombing is located in Greater Manchester
Manchester Arena
Manchester Arena
Manchester Arena bombing (Greater Manchester)
Manchester Arena bombing is located in the United Kingdom
Manchester Arena bombing
Manchester Arena bombing (the United Kingdom)
LocationManchester, England
Coordinates53°29′17.3″N 2°14′34″W / 53.488139°N 2.24278°W / 53.488139; -2.24278
Date22 May 2017 (2017-05-22)
around 22:30 (BST)
TargetConcert-goers
Attack type
Suicide bombing
WeaponNail bomb
Deaths23 (including the bomber)
Injured116 (23 critical)
AssailantsSalman Ramadan Abedi

On 22 May 2017, a suicide bombing was carried out at Manchester Arena in Manchester, England, following a concert by American singer Ariana Grande. The attacker was identified as Salman Ramadan Abedi, a 22-year-old British Muslim who detonated a shrapnel-laden improvised explosive device at the exit of the arena after the event. Twenty-three adults and children, including Abedi, were killed and 116 were injured, some critically.

Abedi was initially suspected of working within a terrorist network, and various people were arrested in connection with the incident. Police later said they believed he had largely acted alone.

Attack

On 22 May 2017, at around 22:30 BST (UTC+01:00),[1] a suicide bomber detonated an improvised explosive device, packed with nuts and bolts to act as shrapnel, in the foyer area of the Manchester Arena. The attack took place after an Ariana Grande concert that was part of her 2017 Dangerous Woman Tour.[2][3] The concert was sold out,[4] and 14,200 people attended.[5] Many exiting concert-goers and waiting parents were in the foyer at the time of the explosion.

Greater Manchester Police declared the incident a terrorist attack and suicide bombing. It was the deadliest attack in the United Kingdom since the 7 July 2005 London bombings.[6]

Aftermath

About three hours after the bombing, police conducted a controlled explosion on a suspicious item of clothing in Cathedral Gardens. This was later confirmed to have been abandoned clothing and not dangerous.[7][8]

Residents and taxi companies in Manchester offered free transport or accommodation via Twitter to those left stranded at the concert.[9] Parents of children attending the concert were separated in the aftermath of the explosion. A nearby hotel served as a shelter for children displaced by the bombing, with officials directing their parents there.[10] Manchester's Sikh temples (gurdwaras) along with local homeowners, hotels and venues offered shelter to victims of the attack.[11]

British military personnel alongside armed police as part of Operation Temperer in response to the raised threat level

Manchester Victoria railway station, which is partly underneath the arena, was evacuated and closed, and services were cancelled.[2][12] The explosion caused structural damage to the station, which remained closed until the damage had been assessed and repaired, resulting in significant disruption to train and tram services.[13] The station reopened to traffic on 30 May 2017, following the completion of police investigation work and repairs to the fabric of the building.[14]

After a COBRA meeting with Greater Manchester's Chief Constable, Ian Hopkins, on 23 May, Prime Minister Theresa May announced that the UK's terror threat level[15] was raised to "critical", its highest level.[16] The threat level remained critical until 27 May, when it was reduced to its previous level of severe.[17] In the aftermath of the attack Operation Temperer was activated for the first time, allowing up to 5,000 soldiers to reinforce armed police in protecting parts of the country.[18][19][20] Tours of the Houses of Parliament and the Changing of the Guard ceremony at Buckingham Palace were cancelled on 24 May, and troops were deployed to guard government buildings in London.[21]

On 23 May, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, via the Nashir Telegram channel, claimed the attack was carried out by "a soldier of the Khilafah". The message called the attack "an endeavor to terrorize the mushrikin, and in response to their transgressions against the lands of the Muslims."[22][23][24] Abedi's sister speculated that he was motivated by revenge for Muslim children killed by American airstrikes in Syria.[25][26]

Casualties

The blast killed the attacker, and 22 concert-goers and parents who were in the entrance waiting to pick up their children following the show; 116 people were injured.[27] As of 26 May 2017, 75 people remained in hospital, 23 of them, including five children, in critical care.[28] The dead included ten people under 20, the youngest an eight-year-old girl.[27]

North West Ambulance Service reported that 60 of its ambulances attended the scene, carried 59 people to local hospitals, and treated a number of walking wounded on site.[29] Of those hospitalised, 12 were children under the age of 16.[30]

Attacker

File:Salman Ramadan Abedi, suicide attacker in the Manchester Arena bombing.jpg
Abedi photographed at a mosque several years before the attack

The bomber, Salman Ramadan Abedi, was a 22-year-old British Muslim of Libyan ancestry.[31][32] He was born in Manchester on 31 December 1994 to a family of Libyan-born refugees who had settled in south Manchester after fleeing to the UK to escape the government of Muammar Gaddafi. He had two brothers and a sister.[33][34] He grew up in the Whalley Range area and lived in Fallowfield.[35] According to The Times, Abedi had been among a group of students who had accused a teacher of Islamophobia for criticising suicide bombing.[36][37] According to the BBC, "Friends remember him as a good footballer, a keen supporter of Manchester United and a user of cannabis."[33][importance?] Neighbours described the Abedi family as very traditional and "super religious".[38] Abedi, his elder brother,[39] and, prior to 2011, his father attended Didsbury Mosque.[35][40][41] An imam at the mosque recalled that Abedi looked at him "with hate" after he preached against ISIS and Ansar al-Sharia in 2015.[42]

Abedi's parents, both born in Tripoli, returned to Libya in 2011 following the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi,[35] while Abedi stayed in the United Kingdom. Abedi attended Burnage Academy for Boys in Manchester between 2009 and 2011, before going to The Manchester College until 2013 and then in 2014 enrolled at the University of Salford, where he studied business management. Abedi later dropped out to work in a bakery.[33] Manchester police believe Abedi used student loans to finance the plot, including travel overseas to learn bomb-making.[43] The Guardian reported he may have received loan funding as recently as April.[44]

He was known to British security services and police but was not regarded as a high risk, having been linked to petty crime but never flagged up for radical views.[40][45] A community worker told the BBC he had called a hotline five years before the bombing to warn police about Abedi's views and members of Britain’s Libyan diaspora said they had "warned authorities for years" about Manchester's Islamist radicalisation.[46][47] Abedi was allegedly reported to authorities for his extremism by as many as five community leaders and family members;[48][49][50] the Chief Constable of Greater Manchester, though, said Abedi was not known to the Prevent anti-radicalisation programme.[51] On 29 May, MI5 launched an internal inquiry into its handling of the warnings it had received about Abedi and a second, "more in depth" inquiry, into how it missed the danger.[52][53][54]

Investigation

Bombing location map

The property in Fallowfield where Abedi lived was raided on 23 May. Armed police breached the house with a controlled explosion and searched it. Abedi's 23-year-old brother was arrested in Chorlton-cum-Hardy in south Manchester in relation to the attack.[55][56] Police carried out raids in two other areas of south Manchester and another address in the Whalley Range area.[56] Three other men were arrested, and police initially spoke of a network supporting the bomber,[46] although police later announced that Abedi had sourced all the bomb components himself, and they now believed he had largely acted alone.[57]

According to German police sources, Abedi transited through Düsseldorf airport on his way home to Manchester from Istanbul four days before the bombing.[58] French interior minister Gérard Collomb told a French TV channel that Abedi may have been to Syria, and had "proven" links with ISIS.[59] Abedi's younger brother and father were arrested by Libyan security forces on 23 and 24 May respectively.[60] The brother was suspected of planning an attack in Libya, and was said to be in regular touch with Salman, and aware of the plan to bomb the Manchester Arena,[61] but not the date.[28] According to a Libyan official, the brothers spoke on the phone about 15 minutes before the attack was carried out.[62]

Photographs of the remains of the IED published by The New York Times indicated that it had comprised an explosive charge inside a lightweight metal container which was carried within a black vest or a blue Karrimor backpack. Most of the fatalities occurred in a ring around the bomber. His torso was propelled by the blast through the doors to the arena, possibly indicating that the explosive charge was held in the backpack and blew him forward on detonation. A small device thought to have possibly been a hand-held detonator was also found.[63] US Congressman Michael McCaul, chairman of the House Homeland Security Committee, indicated that the bomb contained the explosive TATP, which has been used in previous bombings.[64] According to Manchester police, the explosive device used by Abedi was the design of a skilled bomb-maker and had a back-up means of detonation.[65] Police also said Salman Abedi "bought most of Manchester bomb components himself" and that he was alone during much of the time before the carrying out the Manchester bombing.[66]

Police released images showing Abedi on the night of the bombing, taken from CCTV footage.[67] Police released images on 29 May showing Abedi walking around Manchester with a blue suitcase.[68]

According to US intelligence sources, Abedi was identified by the bank card that he had with him and the identification confirmed using facial recognition technology.[69]

As of 31 May 2017, sixteen people had been arrested, of whom eleven remained in police custody.[57]

News leaks

Within hours of the attack, Abedi's name and other information given confidentially to security services in the United States and France were leaked to the news media, leading to condemnation from Home Secretary Amber Rudd.[70][71] Following the publication of crime scene photographs of the backpack bomb used in the attack in the 24 May edition of The New York Times, UK counterterrorism police chiefs said the release of the material was detrimental to the investigation.[72]

On 25 May, Greater Manchester Police said it had stopped sharing information on the attack with the US intelligence services. Prime Minister Theresa May said she would make clear to President Trump that "intelligence that has been shared must be made secure."[73] Trump described the leaks to the news media as "deeply troubling", and pledged to carry out a full investigation.[74] British officials blamed the leaks on "the breakdown of normal discipline at the White House and in the US security services".[75] New York Times editor Dean Baquet declined to apologise for publishing the backpack bomb photographs, saying "We live in different press worlds" and that the material was not classified at the highest level.[76]

On 26 May, U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson said the United States government accepted full responsibility for the leaks.[77]

Reactions

Main article: Reactions to the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing

United Kingdom

Floral tributes to the victims of the attack in St Ann's Square in Manchester city centre

Prime Minister Theresa May condemned the bombing,[78] while the Queen expressed her sympathy to the families of the victims.[79] Campaigning for the general election was suspended by all political parties for two days after the attack.[80][81] The Mayor of Greater Manchester, Andy Burnham, called the attack "evil"[82] and announced a vigil in Albert Square the following evening,[83] which thousands attended.[84] The Muslim Council of Britain also condemned the attack.[85]

On 25 May 2017, a national minute's silence was observed to remember the victims.[86]

International

Condolences were expressed by the leaders and governments of dozens of countries,[87] United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres,[88] Commonwealth Secretary-General Patricia Scotland,[89] President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker,[90] Pope Francis,[91] and Secretary General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Yousef Al-Othaimeen.[92]

Ariana Grande posted on her official Twitter account: "broken. from the bottom of my heart, i am so so sorry. i don't have words. [sic]"[93] Grande subsequently suspended her tour and flew to her mother's home in Florida.[94][95]

One Love Manchester

Main article: One Love Manchester

On 26 May, Grande announced that she would host a benefit concert in Manchester.[96] Proceeds will go to victims and families affected by the attack, with free tickets offered to those who attended the show on 22 May. The concert, entitled "One Love Manchester", will take place on 4 June at Old Trafford Cricket Ground and will be broadcast live on television and radio. At the concert, Grande will perform along with several other artists.[97]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to May 2017 Manchester attack.

References

  1. ^ O'Connor, Roisin (23 May 2017). "Fans criticise Manchester Arena security after terror attack at Ariana Grande concert". The Independent. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  2. ^ a b "Manchester Arena blast: 19 dead and more than 50 hurt". BBC News. 22 May 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  3. ^ "UK police: 22 confirmed dead after terror incident at Ariana Grande concert". CBS News. 22 May 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  4. ^ Sephton, Connor (23 May 2017). "What we know so far about concert atrocity". Sky News. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  5. ^ "Manchester One Love concert: 'Thousands make false ticket claims'". BBC News. 1 June 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  6. ^ "How the worst UK terror attack since 7/7 unfolded". Financial Review. 24 May 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  7. ^ "Manchester Arena attack: 22 dead and 59 hurt". BBC News. 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  8. ^ "Isis claim responsibility for the Manchester attack that killed 22".
  9. ^ Malkin, Bonnie (22 May 2017). "Manchester attack: city mobilises to help concertgoers with offers of rooms and free rides". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  10. ^ Smith, Rory; Chan, Sewell (23 May 2017). "Explosion, Panic and Death at Ariana Grande Concert in England". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  11. ^ Pells, Rachael (23 May 2017). "Manchester Sikh temples offer food and shelter to people affected by terror attack". The Independent. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  12. ^ "Deaths, injuries after reports of explosion at Ariana Grande concert at Manchester Arena: Police". ABC News. 22 May 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  13. ^ "Structural damage to Victoria Station after bomb". ITV News. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  14. ^ "Manchester attack: Victoria railway station reopens". BBC news. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  15. ^ "Threat Levels". Security \service - MI5. Retrieved 26 May 2017. Current threat levels in Great Britain and in Northern Ireland from international and Northern Ireland-related terrorism published here. International in all the UK is shown as "critical" for a period following the attack.
  16. ^ "Latest updates as UK terror threat level raise". BBC News. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  17. ^ "Manchester attack: Terror threat reduced from critical to severe". BBC News. BBC. 27 May 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  18. ^ "PM Theresa May raises UK threat level to 'critical'". ITV News. 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017. Raising the level to critical means that military personnel could be deployed to support armed police officers – part of a plan known as Operation Temperer.
  19. ^ Travis, Alan [@alantravis40] (23 May 2017). "PM says Critical Threat level's Operation Temperer will use up to 5,000 troops to take over armed police patrol duties under police command" (Tweet). Retweeted by The Guardian – via Twitter.
  20. ^ "Manchester attack: PM says terror threat level reduced from critical". BBC News. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  21. ^ Bennhold, Katrin; Castle, Stephen (24 May 2017). "3 Men Arrested in Investigation of Manchester Bombing". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  22. ^ Yeginsu, Ceylan; Erlanger, Steven (23 May 2017). "ISIS Claims Responsibility for Manchester Concert Attack; Toll Rises to 22". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  23. ^ Samuelson, Kate (23 May 2017). "ISIS Claims Responsibility For Manchester Concert Terrorist Attack". Time. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  24. ^ Dearden, Lizzie (23 May 2017). "Isis has claimed responsibility for the Manchester Arena attack". The Independent. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  25. ^ "Salman Abedi 'wanted revenge' for US air strikes in Syria, Manchester bomber's sister says". The Telegraph. Retrieved 25 May 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  26. ^ Morajea, Hassan; Kantchev, Georgi; Bird, Mike; Gold, Riva (25 May 2017). "Manchester Bomber Believed Muslims Were Mistreated, Sought Revenge". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 25 May 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  27. ^ a b Topping, Alexandra (24 May 2017). "Go sing with the angels': families pay tribute to Manchester victims". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  28. ^ a b "Manchester attack: Police make tenth arrest". BBC News. 26 May 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  29. ^ Phipps, Claire (23 May 2017). "Soldiers on British streets as threat level raised to critical – as it happened". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 25 May 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  30. ^ Metro.co.uk, Nicole Morley for (23 May 2017). "Twelve children under 16 are among Manchester terror attack injured". Metro. Retrieved 29 May 2017. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
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External links

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