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Chloé Zhao

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Chloé Zhao
Zhao in 2019
Born
Zhao Ting

(1982-03-31) 31 March 1982 (age 42)
Beijing, China
Citizenship
  • China
Education
Occupations
  • Film director
  • screenwriter
  • producer
  • film editor
Years active2008–present
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese赵婷
Traditional Chinese趙婷
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhào Tíng
Wade–GilesChao4 T'ing2
IPA[ʈʂâʊ tʰǐŋ]

Chloé Zhao, born Zhao Ting (simplified Chinese: 赵婷; traditional Chinese: 趙婷; pinyin: Zhào Tíng, born 31 March 1982), is a Chinese filmmaker,[note 1] known primarily for her work on independent films. Zhao's debut feature film, Songs My Brothers Taught Me (2015), premiered at Sundance Film Festival to critical acclaim and earned a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best First Feature. Her second feature film, The Rider (2017), was critically acclaimed and received nominations for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Film and Best Director.

Zhao garnered international recognition with the western film Nomadland (2020), which won numerous accolades, including the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival, the People's Choice Award at the Toronto International Film Festival. Earning four Academy Award nominations for the film, Zhao won both Best Picture and Best Director, becoming the second woman in history to win the latter after Kathryn Bigelow[3] in 2010,[4] and the first woman of color to win the category.[5] She also won awards for directing at the Directors Guild of America Awards, Golden Globe Awards, and British Academy Film Awards, becoming the second female winner of each of them.[6][7] The film has not received a theatrical release in China, with speculation that it was due to her past comments on the nation, and news of her Best Director win at the Academy Awards was also censored.[8]

Zhao's latest film is the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero film Eternals,[9] which she co-wrote and directed, and which was released on 5 November 2021.[9][10]

Early life and education

Zhao Ting (赵婷; Zhào Tíng) was born on 31 March 1982 in Beijing. Her father Zhao Yuji (赵玉吉; Zhào Yùjí) was an executive at Shougang Group, one of the country's largest state-owned steel companies. After amassing significant personal wealth, he later moved on to real-estate development and equity investment.[11] Yuji was tied to a number of offshore companies during the Panama Papers leaks.[12] Zhao's mother was a hospital worker who was in a People's Liberation Army performance troupe.

In an interview with Vogue, Zhao described herself as "a rebellious teen, lazy at school" who drew manga-influenced comics and wrote fan fiction. She loved films growing up, especially Happy Together by Wong Kar-wai.[13][14] From an early age, Zhao was drawn to influences from Western pop culture.[15] After her parents separated, her father married comic actress Song Dandan, whom Zhao had grown up watching on television.[11]

Although Zhao was still learning English at the time, her parents sent her to Brighton College, a private boarding school in the United Kingdom at the age of 15.[13][14] She later moved to Los Angeles by herself, living in a Koreatown apartment in 2000, and attended Los Angeles High School.[16] She next attended Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts, where she majored in politics and minored in film studies, graduating in 2005.[17][18][19] Bartending and working odd jobs after graduating helped her realize that she enjoyed meeting people and hearing about their lives and histories, giving her the push to attend film school.[20] A Vulture article reported that "Four years was enough to turn her off of politics...she found herself drawn more to people than to policy".[21] Following up on her undergraduate film minor, she next joined the Kanbar Institute of Film and Television Graduate Film Program[22] at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts.[23] While attending Tisch, Zhao studied under director Spike Lee, who has directed popular films such as Malcolm X (1992) and Old Boy (2013).[24] She told USA Today that she appreciated Lee not sugarcoating anything, saying that "he will just tell you as it is", something that she claims she needed.[25] After enrolling in the Graduate Studies film program at NYU in 2010 she made her first short film Daughters.[21]

Career

Zhao in 2015

Chloé Zhao's first work is her 2009 short film The Atlas Mountains, the story about Helen Thomas who develops a brief yet passionate relationship with an immigrant worker who comes to fix her computer.[26] She also released a second short film titled Daughters, a film about a 14-year-old girl Maple, living in rural China, who is forced into an arranged marriage and takes a dangerous path trying to break free.[27] This short won First Place Student Live Action Short at the 2010 Palm Springs International Short Fest and Special Jury Prize at the 2010 Cinequest Film Festival.[28]

In 2015, Zhao directed her first feature, Songs My Brothers Taught Me. Shot on location at the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, the film depicts the relationship between a Lakota Sioux brother and his younger sister. An already existing reservation, the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation has approximately 2.1 million acres, around 46,855 members, and occupies the Oglala Lakota, Jackson, and Bennet counties.[29] In Zhao's film, the brother Johnny plans to leave home and move to Los Angeles with his girlfriend when he graduates high school, but struggles with the thought of leaving his sister Jashaun at home with their troubled mother who is grieving the loss of their father. Focusing on the real lives and struggles of the surrounding community, the film showcases the realness of people and problems they are faced with.[30] In a Filmmaker article, Zhao stated that her rebellious years in her childhood is what pushed her to leave China and study abroad, helping her connect to the plot of the film which focuses on a character struggling in this environment.[31] Half improvised, around 100 hours of footage was collected as Zhao worked with the real residents of the reservation to draw inspiration from their lives and personalities in order to help shape her story.[32] She was able to utilize the natural landscape around her in this film in order to create a place of revelation, where people can be closest to God.[33] Using wide and long shots, she created a documentary-like film that feels authentic, the desolate beauty of the Great Plains creating a story that depicts both freedom and hopelessness.[34] It premiered in 2015 as part of the U.S. Dramatic Competition at Sundance Film Festival.[35] It later played at Cannes Film Festival as part of the Director's Fortnight selection[36] and was nominated for Best First Feature at the 31st Independent Spirit Awards.[37]

In 2017, Zhao directed The Rider, a contemporary western drama, which follows a young cowboy's journey to self-discovery after a near-fatal accident ends his professional riding career.[38] The film was executive produced by her father, Yuji Zhao.[39] As with her first feature, Zhao engaged a cast of non-actors who lived at the filming location, in this case on a ranch.[40] Her inspiration came from Brady Jandreau—a cowboy she had met and befriended on the reservation where she shot her first film—who suffered a severe head injury when thrown from his horse during a rodeo competition.[41] Jandreau would star in the film, playing a fictionalized version of himself as Brady Blackburn.[41] According to an Indiewire article, this film discovers a new side of the Western theme, revolutionary because a Chinese immigrant changing the nation's "oldest genre."[42] The article stated that the film became "the type of film it is because of a man and a woman, because the two of us wanted to work together and understand where we were coming from."[42]

The film premiered at Cannes Film Festival as part of the Directors' Fortnight selection and won the Art Cinema Award.[43] It earned her nominations for Best Feature and Best Director at the 33rd Independent Spirit Awards. At the same ceremony, Zhao became the inaugural winner of the Bonnie Award, named after Bonnie Tiburzi, which recognizes a mid-career female director.[44][45] The film was released on April 13, 2018, by Sony Pictures Classics and was critically acclaimed.[46] Peter Keough of The Boston Globe wrote: "[The film] achieves what cinema is capable of at its best: It reproduces a world with such acuteness, fidelity, and empathy that it transcends the mundane and touches on the universal."[47]

In 2018, Zhao directed her third feature film, Nomadland, starring Frances McDormand.[48] The adaptation from Jessica Bruder's Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century was shot over four months traveling the American West in an RV with many actual nomadic workers.[49] Bruder's book revolved around characters that can be found in the film, such as Linda May, a 64-year-old living in her van and scrounging for jobs in order to buy land for a permanent home.[50] Other characters, such as Bob Wells, a nomad vlogger of the CheapRVliving YouTube channel and website and in charge of the annual nomad meet-up featured in the film, are real people that Bruder encountered when writing her book and Zhao included in her movie.[51] The film tells the story of a widow who lost everything in The Great Recession and decides to travel in her van across the American Midwest, beginning a journey of self-discovery. Star Frances McDormand and Zhao bonded quickly and inspired each other, and McDormand became a huge element of the filmmaking process and its success.[52] They met a day before the 2018 Independent Spirit Awards, where McDormand was nominated for Best Actress and Zhao received a $50,000 grant for women directors. During the event, they hinted at their future project together.[52] It premiered at the Venice Film Festival, where it received critical acclaim and won the Golden Lion award,[53] and subsequently played at the 2020 Toronto International Film Festival, where it won the People's Choice Award.[54] The film was released on February 19, 2021, by Searchlight Pictures.[55] Zhao won the Golden Globe Award for Best Director for Nomadland, making her the first woman of Asian descent honored,[56] and only the second woman to win a Golden Globe for directing since Barbra Streisand in 1984.[6] In April 2021, Zhao won the Academy Award for Best Director, becoming the second woman to do so (Kathryn Bigelow being the first).

In September 2018, Marvel Studios hired her to direct Eternals, based on the comic book characters of the same name.[57] The film follows the events of the 2019 Marvel movie Avengers: Endgame, featuring a new team of superheroes that must reunite in order to fight an ancient enemy of the human race, the Deviants.[58] Zhao was heavily influenced by Ridley Scott's Prometheus (2012) and Nick Cassavetes' The Notebook (2004) in crafting the MCU film.[59] It was released on November 5, 2021. Zhao is both the director and one of the four writers of the film, the others being Patrick Burleigh, Ryan Firpo, and Kaz Firpo.[60] Eternals received mixed reviews. The New Yorker stated that Zhao's style of directing dialogue scenes "reveals the absurdity of the script," saying "it might as well have been done via green screen, for the little tangibility and texture that it offers the characters and viewers alike."[61] The article also claimed that the film has reportedly been banned in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait due to the relationship between two male characters, Phastos and Ben.[62] In spite of negative reviews, it still made $161.7 million during its opening weekend and became No. 1 at the box office.[63]

On February 15, 2021, Variety reported that with "34 awards season trophies for directing, 13 for screenplay and nine for editing, Chloe Zhao has surpassed Alexander Payne (Sideways) as the most awarded person in a single awards season in the modern era."[64][needs update] In 2021, she appeared on the Time 100, Time's annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world.[65]

Upcoming projects

In April 2018, it was announced that Amazon Studios greenlit Zhao's untitled Bass Reeves biopic, a historical Western about the first black U.S. Deputy Marshal. Zhao is set to direct the film and write the screenplay.[66] In February 2021, Variety confirmed that Zhao is tackling the classic Universal monster Dracula, as the writer, producer and director of a new take on the character in the vein of a futuristic sci-fi western.[67]

Styles and themes

Throughout her filmography, Zhao carries relatively the same styles and techniques. The main actress in her film Nomadland, Frances McDormand, told Rolling Stone about Zhao's process, saying "she's basically like a journalist... she gets to know your story, and she creates a character from that" and that she "draws a razor-sharp line between sentiment and sentimentality".[68] A Filmmaker Magazine article quoted Zhao saying "I want to find new ways to place the camera to evoke more of a feeling. My goal is to put the camera inside of [the character]".[31] An example of her process can be found in her newest film, Eternals, when she saw the connection between actors Lauren Ridloff and Barry Keoghan who play Makkari and Druig in the film.[69] The article said Zhao saw them interacting and thought "Okay, we've got to write more moments", stating "It's the same as I did with Nomadland and The Rider. I would see how they interact and I would write that into the film".[69] She believes that everyone wants to feel a connection, that filmmakers tell their stories because they don't want to feel alone, which is why she focuses on the themes of authenticity and places an emphasis on real stories.[70]

Influences

Zhao cites Wong Kar-wai's romance Happy Together as the "film that made me want to make films". She was also influenced by Spike Lee, who was her film professor while she studied at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts.[71][72] She cited Ang Lee as an influence as well, saying, "Ang Lee's career has been very inspiring to me — how he's able to bring where he comes from to all the films that he makes". She also has mentioned Werner Herzog and Terrence Malick as key influences.[73][74]

Zhao stated her earliest introductions to American cinema were The Terminator, Ghost and Sister Act.[71]

Censorship in China

After Zhao became the second woman to win a Golden Globe Award for Best Director (for Nomadland), many Chinese viewers, as well as state media in China, celebrated her win and "sought to claim Zhao's glory for China".[75] Shortly afterward, however, some Chinese internet users began to question Zhao's citizenship and debated "whether it is appropriate to claim Zhao's victory as China's", with Variety calling the claim "a common move by state-backed outlets to drum up nationalism".[75] Much of the controversy hinged around two sets of remarks: a 2013 Filmmaker magazine interview in which Zhao described China as "a place where there are lies everywhere",[76] and a late 2020 interview in which Zhao was mis-quoted as saying "The US is now my country" (she had actually said "The US is not my country," and the error was corrected about two months later).[77][75][78] References to Zhao in Chinese media were censored following her Oscar win.[79][80]

Personal life

Zhao now resides in the Topatopa Mountains in Ojai, California with three chickens, Red, Cebe, and Lucille and two dogs, Taco and Rooster[81] and her partner and cinematographer, Joshua James Richards.[11] Richards and Zhao met while Zhao was researching for her first feature film Songs My Brother Taught Me and Richards was still a film student at NYU. He has been her cinematographer for her next two films and served as camera operator on Marvel's Eternals.[82] In an Elle article, Richards stated that Zhao was "gnarly and extreme", someone he wanted to find at film school.[21]

Filmography

Year Title Director Writer Producer Editor Ref.
2009 The Atlas Mountains Yes Yes No No [26]
2010 Daughters Yes Yes No No [27]
2015 Songs My Brothers Taught Me Yes Yes Yes Yes [11]
2017 The Rider Yes Yes Yes No [11]
2020 Nomadland Yes Yes Yes Yes [11]
2021 Eternals Yes Yes No No [11]

Awards and nominations

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Chloé Zhao

Daughters (2010) won First Place Student Live Action Short at the 2010 Palm Springs International Short Fest and Special Jury Prize at the 2010 Cinequest Film Festival

Notes

  1. ^ Zhao's nationality is unclear, but the media (including Disney and the Communist Party of China's Global Times) reports that her nationality is Chinese.[1][2]

References

  1. ^ Bunch, Sonny (30 April 2021). "Opinion: Chloé Zhao represents the American Dream — and the Chinese Communist Party's nightmare". The Washington Post. Plus, she's a Chinese national
  2. ^ Qin, Amy; Chang Chien, Amy (6 March 2021). "In China, a Backlash Against the Chinese-Born Director of 'Nomadland'". The New York Times. Global Times, a Chinese state-backed nationalist tabloid, wrote on Twitter on Wednesday that Disney had said that Ms. Zhao was a Chinese national.
  3. ^ "Oscars 2021: Nomadland's Chloé Zhao scoops historic best director win". CNET. Jennifer Bisset. 26 April 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  4. ^ Scott, A. O. (25 June 2009). "Soldiers on a Live Wire Between Peril and Protocol". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  5. ^ "Golden Globes: 'Tears' as Chloe Zhao becomes first Asian woman to win best director". BBC News. 1 March 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  6. ^ a b Sharf, Zack (1 March 2021). "Chloé Zhao Makes Golden Globes History as Second Woman to Win Best Director Prize". IndieWire. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  7. ^ Barnes, Brooks; Sperling, Nicole (25 April 2021). "'Nomadland' Makes History, and Chadwick Boseman Is Upset at the Oscars". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  8. ^ Qin, Amy; Chien, Amy (26 April 2021). "China Censors Chloé Zhao's Oscar Win, but Fans Find Ways to Rejoice". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  9. ^ a b Stevens, Matt (1 March 2021). "Chloé Zhao becomes the first Asian woman and second woman overall to win the Golden Globe for best director". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  10. ^ "How director Chloé Zhao made 'Eternals' epic, intimate and unlike anything else in the MCU". Los Angeles Times. 5 November 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g Willmore, Alison (16 February 2021). "Chloé Zhao's America". New York. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
  12. ^ ICIJ Offshore Leaks
  13. ^ a b "Bafta Film Awards 2021: Nomadland and Promising Young Woman win big". BBC News. 12 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  14. ^ a b Powers, John (22 March 2018). "How Chloé Zhao Reinvented the Western". Vogue. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  15. ^ Mullen, Matt (13 April 2018). "The Rider Is An Early Contender For Best Film of 2018". Interview. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  16. ^ Gardiner, Margaret (23 May 2017). "Chloé Zhao: A Woman Telling a Cowboys' Tale". Golden Globes. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  17. ^ Pfarrer, Steve (25 April 2021). "From Mount Holyoke College to the Oscars: Pioneering director Chloé Zhao first studied film in the Valley". Daily Hampshire Gazette. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  18. ^ Savoie, Keely (12 January 2015). "Zhao '05 brings stirring depiction of Native American life to big screen". mtholyoke.edu. Mount Holyoke College. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  19. ^ Savoie, Keely (26 April 2021). "Chloé Zhao '05 wins at the Academy Awards". mtholyoke.edu. Mount Holyoke College. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  20. ^ Guy, Zoe (25 April 2021). "Meet Chloé Zhao, the Visionary 'Nomadland' Director". Marie Claire Magazine. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  21. ^ a b c Weaver, Hilary (28 February 2021). "Everything You Need to Know About Chloé Zhao, the Director of 'Nomadland'". Elle. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  22. ^ "Chloé Zhao". New York University. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  23. ^ "NYU Tisch Alumna, Chloé Zhao, Makes History at 2021 Academy Awards". New York University. 26 April 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  24. ^ Guy, Zoe (25 April 2021). "Meet Chloé Zhao, the Visionary 'Nomadland' Director". Marie Claire Magazine. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  25. ^ Guy, Zoe (25 April 2021). "Meet Chloé Zhao, the Visionary 'Nomadland' Director". Marie Claire Magazine. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  26. ^ a b The Atlas Mountains (S) (2009), retrieved 3 December 2021
  27. ^ a b Daughters (S) (2010), retrieved 3 December 2021
  28. ^ "Chloe Zhao". Film Independent. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  29. ^ "Pine Ridge Agency | Indian Affairs". www.bia.gov. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  30. ^ DeSanti, Brady (October 2016). "Songs My Brother Taught Me": 0_1, 0_2, 1–3. ProQuest 1860270419. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  31. ^ a b Macaulay, Scott (15 July 2013). "Chloé Zhao | Filmmaker Magazine". Filmmaker Magazine | Publication with a focus on independent film, offering articles, links, and resources. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  32. ^ "Navigating Fact and Fiction: Chloé Zhao on Songs My Brothers Taught Me". walkerart.org. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  33. ^ Mayer, Hervé (15 April 2019). "Neo Frontier Cinema: Rewriting the Frontier Narrative from the Margins in Meek's Cutoff (Kelly Reichardt, 2010), Songs My Brother Taught Me (Chloe Zhao, 2015) and The Rider (Chloe Zhao, 2017)". Miranda (18). doi:10.4000/miranda.16672. ISSN 2108-6559. S2CID 159153082.
  34. ^ Holden, Stephen (1 March 2016). "Review: In 'Songs My Brothers Taught Me,' Reservation Dreams and Their Limits". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  35. ^ "Songs My Brothers Taught Me". Sundance. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  36. ^ Kang, Inkoo. "More Sundance Deals: 'Hot Girls Wanted,' '10,000 Saints,' 'Songs My Brother Taught Me'". Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  37. ^ "31st Film Independent Spirit Awards Nominations Announced". Film Independent. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  38. ^ Allen, Joseph (18 May 2017). "Cannes 2017 Women Directors: Meet Chloé Zhao — "The Rider"". Women and Hollywood. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  39. ^ "Sundance Institute". Sundance Institute. Sundance. Retrieved 4 April 2021. {{cite web}}: External link in |ref= (help)
  40. ^ Ponsoldt, James (8 March 2018). "Rodeo Dream: Chloé Zhao on The Rider". Filmmaker. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  41. ^ a b Hodson, Hayley (9 June 2018). "Chloe Zhao's 'The Rider' is riveting". The Stanford Daily. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  42. ^ a b Kohn, Eric (14 November 2018). "Chloe Zhao's 'The Rider' Is a Welcome Antidote to the Age of Donald Trump". IndieWire. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  43. ^ "Tisch Alumni Win Cannes Honors". Tisch School of the Arts. 2 June 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  44. ^ "Spirit Awards Grants". Film Independent. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  45. ^ "The Bonnie Award". www.thebonnieaward.com. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  46. ^ "The Rider Reviews - Metacritic". Metacritic. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  47. ^ Keough, Peter (25 April 2018). "'The Rider': What cinema is capable of at its best". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  48. ^ Aurthur, Kate (1 March 2021). "Chloe Zhao Becomes Second Woman to Win Golden Globe for Directing as 'Nomadland' Makes History". Variety. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  49. ^ Keegan, Rebecca (2 September 2020). "Director Chloe Zhao Arrives With Early Oscar Contender 'Nomadland' and Next Year's 'Eternals': "It's a Bit Surreal"". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  50. ^ "What to Know About 'Nomadland' and the Real-Life Community Behind the Movie". Time. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  51. ^ Bell, Carrie (21 April 2021). "Meet the Real-Life Nomads of Chloé Zhao's "Nomadland"". Fodors Travel Guide. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  52. ^ a b Kohn, Eric (8 September 2020). "'Nomadland': How Chloé Zhao Made a Secret Road Movie While Becoming a Marvel Director". IndieWire. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  53. ^ Tartaglione, Nancy (12 September 2020). "'Nomadland' Scoops Golden Lion At Venice Film Festival – Full List Of Winners". Deadline. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  54. ^ Vlessing, Etan (20 September 2020). "Toronto: Chloe Zhao's 'Nomadland' Wins Audience Award". The Hollywood Reporter.
  55. ^ Barnes, Jess (14 January 2021). "Disney Will Release 'Nomadland' on Hulu on Same Day as Theaters". CordCuttersNews. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  56. ^ Brown, Tracy (3 February 2021). "Chloé Zhao is the first woman of Asian descent to land a Golden Globes directing nod". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  57. ^ Kit, Borys (21 September 2018). "Marvel Studios' 'The Eternals' Finds Its Director With Chloé Zhao". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 21 September 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  58. ^ "Eternals (Movie, 2021) | Director, Cast, Release Date | Marvel". Marvel Entertainment. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  59. ^ "Eternals' Director Was Heavily Influenced by Prometheus... And The Notebook". ScreenRant. 15 October 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  60. ^ Francisco, Eric. "'Eternals' screenwriters reveal the one MCU location that was off-limits". Inverse. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  61. ^ ""Eternals", Reviewed: Chloé Zhao's Lifeless Marvel Movie". The New Yorker. 5 November 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  62. ^ ""Eternals," Reviewed: Chloé Zhao's Lifeless Marvel Movie". The New Yorker. 5 November 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  63. ^ Romano, Nick (8 November 2021). "'Eternals' reigns with $161.7 million global opening weekend despite international hurdles". EW.com. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  64. ^ Davis, Clayton (15 February 2021). "Awards Circuit Winners Chart: Chloe Zhao Is Now the Most Awarded Filmmaker in a Single Awards Season". Variety. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  65. ^ Sachdeva, Maanya (16 September 2021). "Britney Spears, Scarlett Johansson and Jason Sudeikis among Time 100 most influential". The Independent. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  66. ^ N'Duka, Amanda (20 April 2018). "Amazon Studios Lands Biopic on Bass Reeves, First Black U.S. Deputy Marshal, From 'The Rider' Helmer Chloé Zhao". Deadline. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  67. ^ Vary, Adam B. (4 February 2021). "Director Chloe Zhao Sinks Teeth Into Sci-Fi Western 'Dracula' for Universal". Variety. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  68. ^ "Chloe Zhao, the Chinese director reinventing US cinema". Deutsche Welle. 23 April 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  69. ^ a b "Chloé Zhao explains how Nomadland and Eternals are cinematic twins". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  70. ^ Pennacchio, George (5 November 2021). "Oscar-winning filmmaker Chloe Zhao jumps into the Marvel Cinematic Universe with 'Eternals'". ABC7 San Francisco. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  71. ^ a b "Meet 'Nomadland' director Chloé Zhao, who just made Oscar history (and was Spike Lee's student)". USA Today. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  72. ^ "'Nomadland' director Chloé Zhao discusses learning from Spike Lee". MSN. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  73. ^ "Chloe Zhao's 'The Rider' Is a Welcome Antidote to the Age of Donald Trump". 19 March 2021.
  74. ^ "Under the Influence: Chloé Zhao on The New World". Youtube. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  75. ^ a b c Davis, Rebecca (1 March 2021). "China Both Celebrates and Slams Chloe Zhao's 'Nomadland' Golden Globe Glory". Variety. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  76. ^ Staff (14 August 2013). "25 New Faces of Independent Film: Chloé Zhao". Filmmaker. Archived from the original on 14 August 2013.
  77. ^ Mai, Wenlei (25 December 2020). "How outsider Chloe Zhao captured the American heartland in Nomadland". News.com.au. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  78. ^ Qin, Amy; Chang Chien, Amy (6 March 2021). "In China, a Backlash Against the Chinese-Born Director of 'Nomadland'". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  79. ^ Kuo, Lily (26 April 2021). "Chloé Zhao's historic Oscar win is largely censored in China". The Washington Post. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  80. ^ Qin, Amy; Chang Chien, Amy (26 April 2021). "China Censors Chloé Zhao's Oscar Win, but Fans Find Ways to Rejoice". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  81. ^ Jame, Coyle (13 September 2020). "With quiet humanity, Chloe Zhao's 'Nomadland' makes noise". Associated Press. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  82. ^ Fernández, Alexia (25 April 2021). "Oscars Date Night! Nomadland Director Chloé Zhao Attends with Film's Nominated Cinematographer Joshua James Richards". people.com. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
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