Bhojpuri region
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|
Bhojpur | |
|---|---|
 Bhojpuri Speaking region of India | |
| Continent | Asia |
| Country | India and Nepal |
| State | Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhesh, Lumbini, and Gandaki |
| Covering territory | Bihar
|
| Languages | Bhojpuri |
| Area | |
| • Total | 72,004 km2 (27,801 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 76,308,751 |
| • Density | 1,100/km2 (2,700/sq mi) |
| Largest Cities | |
The Bhojpuri region or Bhojpur is an area encompassing parts of the Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand, and the Madhesh, Gandaki and Lumbini provinces of Nepal, where the Bhojpuri language is spoken as a mother tongue.[1][2][3][4]
History
Pre-history and Antiquity
The earliest known evidence of Human settlement in the region are the Cave painting of Kiamur and Mirzapur.[5][6][7] The first Neolithic settlement found in this region is in Chirand of Saran, which dates back 2500-1500 B.C. and is contemporary to the Harrapans.[8]
Etymology
The Bhojpuri region received its name after the town of Bhojpur (Arrah), the headquarters of the Ujjainiya Rajputs of the former Shahabad district of Bihar.[9]
Culture
The economic and industrial growth of this region had been greatly hindered because of caste-guided political in-fighting and a huge population.[10]
The culture of Bhojpur is also very much present today in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, Fiji, Mauritius, and South Africa, due to the many Indian indentured laborers who were sent there by the ruling British in the mid 19th century to the early 20th century, and were from the Purvanchal-Bhojpur region.
Language
Bhojpuri is a descendant of Magadhi Prakrit which started taking in shape during the reign of the Vardhana dynasty.[11][12] The earliest form of Bhojpuri can be traced in the Siddha Sahitya and Charyapada as early as 7th century A.D.[13][14][15] It is an eastern Indo-Aryan language and one of the easternmost branches of the Indo-European language family.[16] The Bhojpuri variant of Kaithi is the indigenous script of Bhojpuri language.[17][18][19]
Festivals
Chhath Puja and Durga Puja are the biggest festivals of Bhojpuri region.[20][21][22][23][24]
Other important festivals include Phagwah, Saraswati Puja, Deepavali, Dussehra, Vishwakarma Puja, Ramnavami, Teej, Jitiya, Janmashtami, Anant Chaturdashi, Dev Deepawali, Pidiya, Bahura, Godhan, Chauk Chanda, Raksha Bandhan, Nag Nathaiya, Naga Panchami, Karma, etc.[25][26][27]
Districts
Bhojpuri language is spoken in the districts of Western Bihar and Eastern Uttar Pradesh which is called Purvanchal.[28]
Bihar
Patna division: Bhojpur district, Buxar district, Kaimur district and Rohtas district.
Saran division: Saran district, Siwan district, Gopalganj district.
Tirhut division: West Champaran district, East Champaran district
Uttar Pradesh
Varanasi division: Chandauli district, Ghazipur district, Jaunpur district, Varanasi district.
Gorakhpur division: Deoria district, Gorakhpur district, Kushinagar district, Maharajganj district.
Azamgarh division: Azamgarh district, Ballia district, Mau district.
Mirzapur division: Mirzapur district, Sant Ravidas Nagar district, Sonbhadra district.
Basti division: Sant Kabir Nagar district, Siddharthnagar district, Basti district
Religion
According to the 2011 Census, Hindus form the majority in the Bhojpuri region, with 85.33% adhering to Hinduism. Islam is practiced by 14.5% of the population, while 0.52% profess other religions.
See also
References
- ^ Gopal Thakur Lohar (4 June 2006). A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Bhojpuri Language in Nepal.
- ^ Jha, Hari Bansh. "The new name of Madhesh province surprises Nepal". ORF. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
- ^ Thakur, Gopal. "A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of Tribhuvan University in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in LINGUISTICS". Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation Submitted in Tribhuvan University.
- ^ Thiel-Horstmann, M. (1969). "Sadani : a Bhojpuri dialect spoken in Chotanagpur" (Document).
{{cite document}}: Cite document requires|publisher=(help); Unknown parameter|s2cid=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|url=ignored (help) - ^ "Kaimur Hills - Home to Prehistoric Tales". 2 February 2009. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
- ^ "Bihar: Kaimur Rock Paintings". www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
- ^ Wakankar, Vishnu Shridhar (2005). Painted Rock Shelters of India. Directorate of Archaeology, Archives, and Museums, Government of Madhya Pradesh.
- ^ Sinha, Chitta Ranjan Prasad (1990). Archaeology and Art: Krishna Deva Felicitation Volume. Ramanand Vidya Bhawan.
- ^ Kolff, Dirk H.A. (2002) [First published 1990]. Naukar, Rajput, and sepoy : the ethnohistory of the military labour market in Hindustan, 1450-1850. Cambridge University Press. p. 160. ISBN 0-521-52305-2.
The Bhojpuri region received its name after the town of Bhojpur, the ancient headquarters of the Ujjainiya Rajputs of the erstwhile Shahabad district of Bihar.
- ^ "Art and Culture | Tourism, Education, Culture and History". www.epuinfo.com. Archived from the original on 27 August 2013.
- ^ "Publication of Spiritual, Religious and Literacy Books". vvpbooks.com. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ^ Tuṅga, Sudhāṃśu Śekhara (1995). Bengali and Other Related Dialects of South Assam. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-588-3.
- ^ Tahmid, Syed Md. "Buddhist Charyapada & Bengali Identity".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ The Indo-Aryan languages. Dhanesh Jain, George Cardona. London: Routledge. 2007. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9. OCLC 648298147.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ "Bhojpuri Language| Hindi Typing - HindiTypings.com". hinditypings.com. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ^ "Bhojpuri Language Resource". UNT Digital Library. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ^ Grierson, George Abraham (1881). A handbook to the Kayathi character. The Library of Congress. Calcutta, Thacker, Spink, and co.
- ^ "Bhojpuri". Ethnologue. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ Grierson, George Abraham (1903). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.5 Part.2.
- ^ Desai, Mira K. (21 November 2021). Regional Language Television in India: Profiles and Perspectives. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-47008-6.
- ^ "Chhath puja and the centrality of the Purvanchal community in Delhi politics". Hindustan Times. 18 October 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ^ "Lok Yatra | Migration and Cultural Traditions of Bhojpuri Region". Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ^ Vidyarthi, Lalita Prasad; Jha, Makhan; Saraswati, Baidyanath (1979). The Sacred Complex of Kashi: A Microcosm of Indian Civilization. Concept Publishing Company.
- ^ Preston, Peter; Simpson-Housley, Paul (11 September 2002). Writing the City: Eden, Babylon and the New Jerusalem. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-84368-8.
- ^ Shandilya, Rajeshwari (1 January 2009). Bharatiya Parva Evam Tyohar (in Hindi). Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-7315-617-5.
- ^ Ojhā, Satyadeva (2006). भोजपुरी कहावतें: एक सांस्कृतिक अध्ययन (in Hindi). Vani Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-8143-562-0.
- ^ "भोजपुरी लोक संस्कृति और परंपराएं - Bhojpuri Folk Culture and Traditions | Exotic India Art". www.exoticindiaart.com. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
- ^ "Culture of Bhojpuri Region". Archived from the original on 16 April 2009. Retrieved 8 April 2018.. Discover Bihar, official website of Bihar Tourism.
- ^ http://censusindia.gov.in/ [dead link]
