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List of designated terrorist groups

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Many organizations that are accused of being a terrorist organization deny using terrorism as a military tactic to achieve their goals, and there is no international consensus on the bureaucratic definition of terrorism. Therefore, this list is of organizations that are, or have been in the past, designated as "terrorist organizations" by other notable organizations, including the United Nations and national governments, where the proscription has a significant impact on the group's activities.[1]

This listing does not include states or governmental organizations which are considered under state terrorism.

Religious terrorists

Religious terrorism is a form of religious violence. As with other forms of terrorism, there is no real consensus as to its definition. Groups are frequently classified as practitioners of religious terrorism for any one of the following reasons:

  • The group itself is defined by religion rather than by other factors (such as ideology or ethnicity).
  • Religion plays some part in defining or determining the objectives or methods of the group.
  • The ultimate objective of the group is religiously defined.

Controversy concerning classification is often found because:

  • Religion and ethnicity frequently coincide. Ethnic conflict may thus appear as religious, or religious conflict may appear as ethnic.
  • Religious groups, like other groups, frequently pursue political goals. In such cases it is often not clear which is uppermost, the political goal or the religious motivation.

Groups which have used principal religious motives for their terrorist acts and were deemed as such by supranational organizations and governments are listed here in alphabetical order by religion.

Christian

Islamist

Islamist fronts

Jewish

Sikh

All of these groups demand a Khalistan (Land of the Pure) in the Indian state of Punjab and adjoining areas for Sikhs. Most have a variable amount of support from Sikhs abroad and have been in existence since the 1980s. Many have been weakened and have cut down on activities, yet they continue. The militancy in Punjab has claimed approximately 100,000 lives, according to estimates put forward by Amnesty International: this figure involves killings by both Sikh militants and the Indian forces. With the exception of the first two, the other groups have only been proscribed in India.

Other religious terrorists

Nationalistic terrorist organizations

Irish Nationalists (Ireland)

Ulster Loyalists (Ireland)

Indonesia

Israeli/West Bank/ Gaza

Jewish (Historical)

Main article: Zionist political violence
  • Irgun (1931-1948) - regarded as a terrorist group by the British authorities and mainstream Zionist organizations (ceasefire 1940 to 1943).
  • Lehi (1940-1948) - regarded as a terrorist group by the British, by Zionist organisations and the UN mediator. [6]

Arab

Main article: Palestinian political violence
Main page: Category:Palestinian militant groups

Tamil Nationalist

  • Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE, aka Tamil Tigers)- Sri Lanka. One of the largest groups with an estimated 11,000[7] Tamil cadres who fight for separation from Sri Lanka. The group has carried out 240+ suicide bombings since the early 80s in the process which they describe as their freedom struggle. Members of the group were convicted for the suicide bomber assassinations of Sri Lankan President Ranasinghe Premadasa (1988-1993) and former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi [8]. UNHCR has reported that this organisation recruits children by force.[9][2]

File:LTTE Child Soldiers.jpg LTTE Child Soldiers learning to use a Mortar launcher

Other nationalist terrorists

ETA

Anarchist

Leftist, Communist, Leninist, Trotskyst, Maoist and Marxist

Anti-fascist

Ethnic terrorists (including neo-Nazis and white-supremacists)

Anti-Communists

Cuban exile groups

Further information: Opposition to Fidel Castro

All groups recognised by the International terrorism report from the United States Central Intelligence Agency.[18] The principle aim of these groups is to forge political change in Cuba.

  • Abdala
  • Alpha 66
  • Anti-Castro Commando
  • Anti-Communist Commandos
  • Brigade 2506
  • Condor
  • Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations (CORU - includes Orlando Bosch and Luis Posada Carriles)
  • Cuba Action
  • Cuba Action Commandos
  • Cuban Anti-Communist League
  • Cuban C-4
  • Movement Cuban Liberation Front
  • Cuban National Liberation Front (FLNC)
  • Cuban Power (el Poder Cubano)
  • Cuban Power
  • Cuban Representation in Exile
  • Cuban Revolutionary Directorate
  • Cuban Revolutionary Organization
  • Cuban Youth Group International
  • Secret Revolutionary United Cells
  • JCN (expansion unknown)
  • Latin American Anti-Communist Army
  • Movement of Cuban Justice Movement of the Seventh (M-7)
  • National Integration Front (FIN; Cuban Nationalist Front)
  • Omega 7
  • Pedro Luis Boitel
  • Command Pedro Ruiz Botero
  • Commandos Pragmatistas
  • Scorpion (el Alacran)
  • Second Front of Escambray
  • Secret Anti-Castro Cuban Army
  • Secret Cuban Government
  • Secret Hand Organization
  • Secret Organization Zero
  • Young Cubans
  • Youths of the Star

Issue-specific

Ecologist

Abortion

  • Army of God -- anti-abortion, operates in the United States. Property damage and loss of life in attacks on abortion clinics.[2]

Others

Africa

Caribbean

France

Portugal

Norway

  • Black Metal Inner Circle (disputable), a group comprised of seminal Norwegian black metal musicians widely believed to have existed in the early 1990s. Some of these members burnt more than forty churches throughout Norway on the basis of violently expelling Christianity and supplanting it with alternative ideologies such as satanism and neo-paganism - which were endorsed and supported by Euronymous, the alleged leader of the group - hence some have perceived this group a relatively minor terrorist group.

Spain

United Kingdom

  • Animal Rights Militia, a terrorist organization responsible for numerous letter bombs in Great Britain during the 1980s.
  • Scottish National Liberation Army, a Scottish terrorist organization fighting for the cause of Scottish independence.
  • An Gof, a Cornish terrorist organization fighting for the cause of Cornish independence.

United States

Fictional

See also

References

  1. ^ European Union. "Common Position 2005/847/CFSP" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-03.
    * United States Department of State. "Terrorist Exclusion List". Retrieved 2006-07-03.
    * United States Department of State. "Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs)". Retrieved 2006-07-03.
    * United Kingdom Home Office. "Proscribed terrorist groups". Retrieved 2006-07-03.
    * Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada. "Entities list". Retrieved 2006-07-03.
    * Australian Government. "Listing of Terrorist Organisations". Retrieved 2006-07-03.
    * Arab Times (Kuwait). "Terror' list out; Russia tags two Kuwaiti groups". Retrieved 2006-08-02.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base
  3. ^ China issues first ever list of "terrorist" groups, World Tibet Network News, 2003-12-15
  4. ^ cfr.org
  5. ^ Home Office
  6. ^ Listing of Terrorist Organisations, Australian Government Attorney-General's Department, 27 January 2006. Accessed July 31, 2006.
  7. ^ Keeping Canadians Safe, Public Security and Emergency Preparedness Canada, National Security, Listed entities. Accessed July 31, 2006.
  8. ^ "Hamas is listed as a terrorist group in the Criminal Code of Canada." Tibbetts, Janice. Canada shuts out Hamas ,The Montreal Gazette, March 30, 2006.
  9. ^ "UK Home Office" proscribed-groups
  10. ^ "Council Decision" Council of the European Union, December 21, 2005
  11. ^ "Country reports on terrorism", U.S. State Dept., April 27, 2005.
  12. ^ Karmi, Omar. "What does the Hamas victory mean for nearby Jordan?", The Daily Star, February 18, 2006
  13. ^ 22 USC 5201(b) - "Therefore, the Congress determines that the PLO and its affiliates are a terrorist organization and a threat to the interests of the United States, its allies, and to international law and should not benefit from operating in the United States."
  14. ^ Public Law 100-204 regarding the PLO. [1]
  15. ^ National Review - And a Thief, Too: Yasser Arafat takes what he likes
  16. ^ Designation of National Council of Resistance and National Council of Resistance of Iran under Executive Order 13224
  17. ^ RESISTANCE GROUP CLAIMS EVIDENCE OF IRANIAN BOMB AMBITIONS
  18. ^ International terrorism report from the United States Central Intelligence Agency. Online
  19. ^ The FBI Files on the American Indian Movement and Wounded Knee [Microform], ed. Rolland Dewing (Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, 1986); Hendricks, Steve. The Unquiet Grave: The FBI and the Struggle for the Soul of Indian Country. 1st ed. New York, NY: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2006; USA Today, "Protecting Mount Rushmore from terrorism difficult, report says," 7/2/2005; http://www.jfamr.org/doc/kmtest1.html
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