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Saturday Night Live
File:Saturday Night Live Title Card.png
The Saturday Night Live inter-title season 35.
Created byLorne Michaels
Directed byDave Wilson (1975–1986, 1989–1995)
Paul Miller (1986–1989)
Beth McCarthy-Miller (1995–2006)
Don Roy King (2006–present)
StarringSee Saturday Night Live cast
Narrated byDon Pardo (1975–1981, 1982–present)
Bill Hanrahan (1981)
Mel Brandt (1981–1982)
Country of originUnited States
Original languageEnglish
No. of seasons36
No. of episodes683 (as of October 9, 2010)
(List of episodes)
Production
Executive producersLorne Michaels (1975–1980, 1985–present)
Jean Doumanian (1980–1981)
Dick Ebersol (1981–1985)
Production locationsStudio 8H, GE Building, Rockefeller Center, New York City, New York, United States
Running time90 minutes (including commercials)
Production companiesBroadway Video
SNL Studios
Original release
NetworkNBC
ReleaseOctober 11, 1975 –
present
Related
TV Funhouse
Saturday Night Live Weekend Update Thursday

Saturday Night Live (SNL) is a live late-night television sketch comedy and variety show developed by Lorne Michaels and Dick Ebersol.[1] It premiered on NBC, a terrestrial television network in the United States, on October 11, 1975, under the title NBC's Saturday Night.[2]

The show's sketches often parody contemporary Culture of the United States and politics.[3] Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast consisting of repertory members, also called the "Not Ready For Prime Time Players" (the name used by the show's original cast), and newer cast members who are known as "Featured Players."[3][4]

Each week, the show features a host who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast. A musical guest also performs. With the exception of season 7, the show has begun with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, "Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!"[5]

For all but five seasons[6][7] (six through ten), the show has been overseen by its creator and current executive producer, Lorne Michaels. Broadway Video, SNL Studios, and NBC jointly manage production.[3] Saturday Night Live is one of the longest-running network television programs in the United States with nearly 700 episodes broadcast over the span of 36 seasons as of 2010. A number of the show's sketches have been developed into feature films.

Throughout its three decades on air, Saturday Night Live has received a number of awards, including 21 Primetime Emmy Awards, a Peabody Award, and three Writers Guild of America Awards. In 2000, it was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame. It was ranked tenth on TV Guide's "50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time" list, and in 2007 it was listed as one of Time magazine's "100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME."[3][8] In 2009, it received 13 Emmy nominations giving it a total of 126, giving it the most Emmy nominations in television history.[9][10]

History

Template:History of SNL

See also: history of SNL by season: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36

In the early 1970s, NBC ran The Best of Carson reruns of The Tonight Show that aired on either Saturday or Sunday night, at an affiliate's discretion, from January 1965 until September 1975 (originally known as The Saturday/Sunday Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson). In 1974, Johnny Carson wanted the weekend shows to be pulled and aired during the week. Carson wanted to save them for when he took time off.[11]

NBC approached Dick Ebersol in 1974 and asked him to create a show to fill the Saturday night timeslot. Ebersol then approached Lorne Michaels, wanting to create a variety show that would push the boundaries with its edgy style of humor. Ebersol knew Michaels was capable of creating a show since he had worked on Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In. The show was set, and Michaels searched for people to join the staff. He hired Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, George Coe, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Laraine Newman, Michael O'Donoghue, and Gilda Radner to the cast. Originally, the show was called NBC's Saturday Night, as the current title was in use by rival network ABC. NBC purchased the rights to the name in 1976 and officially adopted the new title on March 26, 1977.[12]

The show was an instant hit following its debut, and as a result, the cast members became suddenly famous. Chase left the show during the second season and was replaced by a new and upcoming comic named Bill Murray. Aykroyd and Belushi left the show after season four. The following season, Michaels chose to leave the show and explore other avenues. Michaels' departure led most of the cast and writing staff to leave the show as well.

Although SNL was still popular, Michaels thought NBC would cancel the show upon his departure. However, NBC had already planned to replace him with Jean Doumanian. NBC wanted to build up a new cast and continue on with the show, leaving Doumanian with full creative control. After disastrous reviews and behind-the-scenes turmoil, Doumanian was fired after one season. She was replaced by Dick Ebersol, who had originally hired Michaels to create the show.[13]

Ebersol fired most of the people Doumanian hired except for a few people including unknown comics Eddie Murphy and Joe Piscopo. Ebersol remained with the show until 1984. In the fall of 1984, Ebersol departed from tradition by adding several cast members with established comedic careers, including Billy Crystal, Martin Short, and Harry Shearer. After that season, Ebersol wanted a more significant revamp, including departing from the show's established "live" format. Ebersol left the show and Michaels decided to return to the show.

Creator Lorne Michaels in April 2008.

Michaels returned to the show for the 1985–86 season. The entire cast from the previous season did not return, causing Michaels to rebuild the show. He hired then unknowns Joan Cusack, Robert Downey, Jr. and many others. The season was disastrous, and the show was almost cancelled. However, Michaels was given one more chance to save the show. He fired most of the staff and brought in a new set of people he hoped would save the show including Dana Carvey, Nora Dunn, Phil Hartman, Jan Hooks, Victoria Jackson, Jon Lovitz, Dennis Miller and Kevin Nealon.

After a slow start, the show was saved as a result of high ratings and improved critical reception. Michaels' return restored an association with NBC that has lasted nearly 30 years. As head of Broadway Video and SNL Studios, Michaels has profited from the talent he's helped introduce, producing the TV series Late Night (during the eras of Conan O'Brien and Jimmy Fallon - both SNL alumni) and 30 Rock (a comedy created by former SNL head writer Tina Fey, and loosely based on her experiences in that role). Michaels also produced the TV film All You Need Is Cash, and a lengthy list of feature films based on SNL sketches; the most commercially and critically successful of these was Wayne's World.[14]

Production

Cast

Main article: Saturday Night Live cast

The cast, known on-air as "The Not Ready For Prime-Time Players" at the show's beginning (a term which is still often used unofficially, and originally devised as a takeoff of the "Prime Time Players" moniker for the cast of the ABC show), is currently divided into two tiers: the more established group of repertory players; and newer, unproven cast members known as featured players, who may eventually "graduate" to the regular cast laminate. The show's current cast [15] is listed below:

bold denotes Weekend Update anchor only

Writers

Main article: List of Saturday Night Live writers

Announcer

File:Don Pardo '83.png
Picture of SNL announcer Don Pardo

Don Pardo served as the announcer for the series when it first began, and has performed as the show's announcer for all seasons except for season 7, when Mel Brandt and Bill Hanrahan filled that role. Pardo, who was 57 when the show debuted, and who retired from NBC in 2004, at age 92 still flies in from his home in Tucson, Arizona, to introduce the show.[16]

He announced that for the 36th season, he would pre-record his parts from his home in Arizona rather than performing live in New York City.[17]

The SNL Band

Main article: Saturday Night Live Band

The Saturday Night Live Band (also known as "The Live Band") is the house band for SNL. Academy Award-winning composer Howard Shore served as the first musical director, from 1975 to 1980, appearing in many musical sketches, including Howard Shore and His All-Nurse Band and (backing a U. S. Coast Guard chorus) Howard Shore and the Shore Patrol. Over the years, the band has featured several New York studio musicians including Paul Shaffer (1975–1980), Lou Marini (1975–1983), David Sanborn (1975), Michael Brecker (1949-2007), Ray Chew (1980–1983), Alan Rubin (1975–1983), Georg Wadenius (1979–1985), Steve Ferrone (1985), David Johansen (performing as Buster Poindexter), Tom Malone (who took over as musical director from 1981–1985), and G. E. Smith (musical director from 1985–1995). The band is currently under the leadership of Tower of Power alumnus Lenny Pickett and keyboardists Leon Pendarvis and Katreese Barnes. The number of musicians has varied over the years, but the basic instrumentation has been three saxophones, one trombone, one trumpet, and a rhythm section featuring two keyboards, a guitar, bass, drums, and an extra percussionist, not a permanent part of the band until Valerie Naranjo's arrival in 1995. The 1983–1984 and 1984–1985 seasons featured the smallest band, a six-piece combo. The band plays instrumentals leading in and out of station breaks; affiliates who run no advertising during these interludes hear the band play complete songs behind a "Saturday Night Live" bumper graphic until the program resumes.[18]

Hosts/musical guests

Main article: List of Saturday Night Live guests

A typical episode of SNL will feature a single host, who delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast, and a single musical guest, who will perform two or occasionally three musical numbers. In some cases, the musical guest will also be the host and fill both duties. George Carlin was first to host the show; Candice Bergen was the first female to host the show a few weeks later and again hosted only six weeks after that. Guests that have hosted five or more times are sometimes referred to as belonging to the Five-Timers Club, a term that originated on a sketch performed on Tom Hanks' fifth episode.

Production facilities

GE Building (30 Rockefeller Plaza, or "30 Rock") where the show is filmed

Studio

Since the show's inception, SNL has aired from Studio 8H, located on floors 8 and 9 of GE Building (30 Rockefeller Plaza, or "30 Rock"). Due to the studio originally being a radio soundstage for Arturo Toscanini and his NBC Symphony Orchestra, the layout of the studio floor and the audience positioning causes some audience members to have an obstructed view of many of the sketches. According to NBC, the 8H studio has almost perfect acoustics. The offices of SNL writers, producers, and other staff can be found on the 17th floor of "30 Rock."

During the summer 2005 shooting hiatus, crews began renovations on Studio 8H. With its thirty-first season premiere in October 2005, the show began broadcasting in high-definition television, appearing letterboxed on conventional television screens. Though the show is still produced in widescreen, beginning in 2008, many non-HD viewers again began seeing the show in a 4:3 aspect ratio as a side effect to the Digital television transition.

Three of the first four shows of the 1976–77 season were shot at the former NBC Studios in Brooklyn, due to NBC News using Studio 8H for Presidential election coverage.[19]

Post-production

With onsite facilities housed on floors 8 and 17 of Rockefeller Plaza, post-production duties on live broadcasts of Saturday Night Live include the mixing of audio and video elements by the Senior Audio Mixer, coupled with additional audio feeds consisting of music, sound effects, music scoring and pre-recorded voiceovers. All sources are stored digitally, with shows captured and segregated into individual elements to reorganise for future repeats and syndication. The production tracking system was migrated from primarily analogue to digital in 1998, with live shows typically requiring 1.5 Terabytes of storage, consisting of audio elements and 5 cameras worth of visual elements.[20] Elements of Saturday Night Live that are pre-recorded, such as certain commercial parodies, SNL Digital Shorts, and show graphics are processed off-site in the post-production facilities of Broadway Video.[21][22]

Filming and photography

Studio 8H production facilities are maintained by NBC Production Services. Video camera equipment includes four Sony BVP-700 CCD cameras, and two Sony BVP-750 CCD handheld cameras, both using Vinten pedestals. A GVG 4000-3 digital component production switcher, and GVG 7000 digital component routing switcher are used to route visual feeds to the control room, with multiple digital and analogue video recorders used to store footage. Graphics are provided by a Chyron Infinit! character generator and a Quantel PictureBox. Audio facilities consist of a Calrec T Series digitally controlled analogue mixing console, and a Yamaha digital mixing console used for tape playback support and utility audio work.[23]

As of the 35th season, the opening title sequence and opening montage of Saturday Night Live is shot using Canon EOS 5D Mark II and Canon EOS 7D digital SLR cameras. Typical elements are recorded at 30 fps, with slow-motion sequences shot at 60 fps, both in full 1080p high definition.[24]

Production process

The following is a summary of the process used to produce the show. It is based in part on interviews with former SNL head writer and performer Tina Fey in 2000 and 2004.[25][26]

Monday:

  • The day begins with a topical meeting, identifying the biggest story for the show's opening.
  • This is followed by a free-form pitch meeting with Lorne Michaels and the show's host(s) for the week. The official name is "The Host Meeting" but all the writers and cast members call it "The Pitch Meeting"
  • Throughout the week the host(s) has much influence on which sketches get aired.

Tuesday:

  • Between 9:00 p.m. Tuesday night and 7:00 a.m. Wednesday morning, anywhere from 40 to 50 scripts are written, most of which will not be broadcast.
  • Once a writer's scripts are complete, he or she will often help other writers on their scripts.
  • Meanwhile, Lorne Michaels has another "Pitch Meeting" with the musical guest(s) and discusses which of their current songs, two to three, they should play in the show for their music act.

Wednesday:

  • All scripts get a read-through from the cast, writers, producers, Lorne Michaels and the week's host(s). Read-through is usually held in the afternoon and lasts about two and a half to three hours.
  • After the read-through, the head writer(s) and the producers meet with the host(s) to decide which sketches to work on for the rest of the week, with Lorne Michaels and the host(s) having the final say.

Thursday:

  • The surviving sketches are reviewed, word-by-word, by the writing staff as a whole or in two groups in the case of co-head writers.
  • Some sketches which survived the cut because of their premise, but are in need of work, are rewritten completely. Others are changed in smaller ways.
  • The Weekend Update crew starts coming together, starting with the news items written by writers dedicated all week to the segment.
  • The crew comes in for rehearsal, and the music act is rehearsed as well as some of the larger, more important sketches.
  • The host(s) and musical guest(s) and usually some cast members shoot two to four promos to play for NBC.

Friday:

  • The show is blocked.
  • The writer of each sketch acts as producer, working with the show's set designers and costumers.
  • Special music is recorded for the show.
SNL's main stage, seen during rehearsals

Saturday:

  • The Saturday Night Live Band does a mid-morning rehearsal.
  • At 1 p.m., with the show still far from completed, the day begins with a run-through, with props, in front of Lorne Michaels.
  • This is followed by a dress rehearsal performed in front of the studio audience, which lasts from 8 p.m. - 10 p.m. (or sometimes later) and contains approximately twenty minutes of material which will be deleted from the final broadcast.
  • Lorne Michaels uses firsthand observation of the audience reaction during the dress rehearsal and input from the host(s) and head writer to determine the final round of changes, re-ordering sketches as necessary.
  • Following dress rehearsal, Lorne has a meeting with the writers to discuss the final changes and gives notes about changes that could be made for the live show. The cast is updated about sketches cut after dress rehearsal and final rundown of sketches for live show on bulletin board outside of Lorne Michaels' office.
  • The show then begins at 11:29:30 p.m. Eastern Time Zone.
  • After the show comes the after-party which is located at various "hot-spots" in New York. Everyone involved in the show, including the host and musical guest(s), is invited.

The status of the show during the week is maintained on a bulletin board. Sketches and other segments are given labels which are put on index cards and put on the board in order of their performances. The order is based on content as well as production limitations such as camera placement and performer availability. Segments which have been cut are kept to the side of the board. As the broadcast approaches, often the writer or producer discovers the fate of his or her segment only by consulting the bulletin board.

A 60 Minutes report taped in October 2004 depicted the intense writing frenzy that goes on during the week leading up to a show, with crowded meetings and long hours. The report particularly noted the involvement of the guest host(s) in developing and selecting the sketches in which they will appear. Similarly, there has been an A&E episode of Biography which covered the production process, as well as an episode of TV Tales in 2002 on E!.

Broadcast

Live

The show usually begins at 11:29:30 p.m. Eastern Time, unless a delay occurs. The show broadcasts for one and a half hours, ending at 1 a.m.. For the Mountain and Pacific time zones, NBC airs the prerecorded live show usually unedited, mistakes notwithstanding.

Delays

  • The show was forced by the network to run on a five-second delay on three separate occasions when Richard Pryor, Sam Kinison, and Andrew Dice Clay each hosted.
  • The episode scheduled for October 25, 1986, hosted by Rosanna Arquette, was not aired until November 8 due to NBC broadcasting Game 6 of the 1986 World Series; the game entered extra innings, causing that night's broadcast of SNL to be cancelled. The show was recorded for the studio audience starting at 1:30 a.m. Eastern Time, and broadcast two weeks later with an "apology" by New York Mets pitcher Ron Darling.
  • The episode scheduled for February 10, 2001, hosted by Jennifer Lopez, aired 45 minutes late due to an XFL game. Lopez and the cast were not told they were airing on a delay.[27]
  • During Eddie Murphy's last season, he negotiated to record a number of extra sketches in September 1983 that featured him and were broadcast in episodes for which he was not available. His last live show was with host Edwin Newman on February 25, 1984.[28]
  • The January 9, 2010, show hosted by Charles Barkley was delayed for 36 minutes when NBC's coverage of an NFL WildCard playoff game between the Philadelphia Eagles and the Dallas Cowboys ran late.

Reruns

SNL reruns are aired out of its original broadcast sequence, usually determined by which episodes have not yet been repeated, but had high ratings or acclaim for its live broadcast. Shows usually air twice during a particular season, but often the highest-rated shows of the season have a second encore show toward the end of the off-season, or episodes will be repeated a second or third time to coincide with a new event connected with the person who hosted. For example, the Natalie Portman episode aired in March 2006 to promote V for Vendetta was repeated August 5, 2006, before the film's DVD release August 8. Similarly, Jeff Gordon's episode reran following NBC's coverage of the Pepsi 400.

NBC and Broadway Video both hold the underlying rights, while the copyright to every episode of the show made thus far lies solely with NBC. From 1990 until 2004, Comedy Central and its predecessor Ha! re-aired reruns of the series, after which E! Entertainment Television signed a deal to reruns.[29] Abbreviated thirty and sixty minute versions of the first five seasons aired as The Best of Saturday Night Live in syndication beginning in the 1980s and later on Nick at Nite in 1988, VH1, Comedy Central and E! Entertainment Television.

Compilations

From time-to-time, SNL airs compilation shows. Such shows will feature selected sketches from the previous season; of a particular cast member or multiple-time host; or centered on a particular theme (e.g., Halloween, Christmas). Political sketches are typically culled for a special in presidential election years; the 2000 special was notable for having self-deprecating (though separate) appearances by candidates George W. Bush and Al Gore. During the 2008 presidential race, Hillary Rodham Clinton, Mike Huckabee, John McCain, Barack Obama, Rudy Giuliani, and Sarah Palin all made appearances on the show.

Replaced/altered sketches

Encore showings are not always identical to the original broadcast.

Successful sketches aired later in the show during the original broadcast may be reedited to appear earlier. In the earlier years of the show's history, reruns occasionally replaced weaker sketches with segments from other episodes, usually from episodes that did not have an encore showing at all.

Controversial acts by a host or musical guest can be altered or removed.

  • A portion of Martin Lawrence's 1994 monologue concerning feminine hygiene has been removed from all repeats, replaced with a voice-over and intertitles stating that the excised portion "...was a frank and lively presentation, and nearly cost us all our jobs."[30]
  • Sinéad O'Connor's October 3, 1992 live performance, during which she tore up a photograph of Pope John Paul II, was replaced with the dress rehearsal performance from earlier that evening where she holds up a picture of a starving African child.[31]
  • When Sam Kinison delivered a comic monologue in 1986, NBC removed his plea for the legalization of marijuana from the West Coast broadcast and all subsequent airings.

Occasionally, sketches originally performed in the dress rehearsal (which is recorded as a backup) have replaced the live version in reruns. due to errors (either technical or by the actors) in the live broadcast. Examples include:

  • In 2009, during the season premiere, Jenny Slate was in a "Biker Babe" sketch where she, co-star Kristen Wiig and host Megan Fox used the word "frickin'" repeatedly. Slate accidentally slipped and said "fuckin'" instead, which was later overdubbed with "frickin'" for subsequent repeats.[32]
  • A Peter Sarsgaard sketch from his January 21, 2006 appearance, involving Rachel Dratch's fake newscast, met with technical difficulties during the live broadcast when the in-sketch TV stopped working and a stagehand was seen fixing it.[33]
  • A sketch involving "butt pregnancy" during the first broadcast of the November 12, 2005 Jason Lee episode was replaced with a musical sketch about cafeteria food during the repeat.[34]
  • A Debbie Downer sketch featuring Ben Affleck was pulled from later rebroadcasts and replaced with the dress rehearsal version. In this case, the replacement is referenced by a title card, explaining that the dress version "worked better".
  • In 1980, Paul Shaffer became the first person to say "fucking" on the show.[35] SNL parodied The Troggs tapes with a medieval musical sketch featuring Shaffer, Bill Murray, Harry Shearer, and a "special guest appearance" by John Belushi. In the middle of a long tirade using numerous repetitions of the word "flogging", Shaffer inadvertently uttered "fucking" instead. This was not removed by the censors in the live broadcast and the West Coast taped airing, and reappeared in the summer rerun and the syndicated versions of the show for several years.

Films

Films based on SNL sketches are listed below with their release, budget, gross, and ratings from Rotten Tomatoes and Metacritic. The gross is from Box Office Mojo.[36] A Rotten Tomatoes score of 60% or higher indicates the film is "fresh" (well-received);[37] Metacritic scores from 81–100, 61–80, 40–60, 20–39, and 0–19 indicate near-universal acclaim, generally favorable reviews, mixed reviews, poor reviews, and overwhelming dislike, respectively.[38] IMDb ratings are from 1 to 10, 10 being the best; these ratings are subject to change over time.

Film Release
date		 Budget Worldwide gross Rotten Tomatoes
rating		 Metacritic
rating		 IMDb
rating		 MPAA rating Distributor
The Blues Brothers June 20, 1980 $27 million $115,229,890 84% (fresh) - 7.9 R Universal
Wayne's World February 14, 1992 $20 million $183,097,323 83% (fresh) 53 6.9 PG-13 Paramount
Wayne's World 2 December 10, 1993 $40 million $48,197,805 59% - 5.8 PG-13 Paramount
Coneheads July 23, 1993 TBA $21,274,717 27% - 5.0 PG Paramount
It's Pat August 26, 1994 TBA $60,822 0% - 2.4 PG-13 Buena Vista
Stuart Saves His Family April 14, 1995 $15 million $912,082 29% - 5.0 PG-13 Paramount
A Night at the Roxbury October 2, 1998 $17 million $30,331,165 10% 26 5.7 PG-13 Paramount
Blues Brothers 2000 February 6, 1998 $28 million $14,051,384 45% - 4.4 PG-13 Universal
Superstar October 8, 1999 $14 million $30,636,478 33% 42 4.5 PG-13 Paramount
The Ladies Man October 13, 2000 $24 million $13,616,610 11% 22 4.7 R Paramount
MacGruber May 21, 2010 $10 million $9,259,314 47% 43 7.0 R Universal

The early days of SNL spawned several films, including the successful The Blues Brothers (1980). However, it was the success of Wayne's World (1992) that encouraged Lorne Michaels to produce more film spin-offs, based on several popular sketch characters. Michaels revived 1970s characters for Coneheads (1993), followed by It's Pat (1994); Stuart Saves His Family (1995, with the Stuart Smalley character); A Night at the Roxbury (1998, with the Butabi Brothers characters); Superstar (1999, with the Mary Katherine Gallagher character); and The Ladies Man (2000). Some did moderately well, though others did not—notably, It's Pat, which did so badly at the box office that the studio which made the film, Touchstone Pictures (owned by The Walt Disney Company, which also owns NBC's rival ABC), pulled it only one week after releasing it,[39] and Stuart Saves His Family, with the latter losing US$15 million. Many of these films were produced by Paramount Pictures. The films based on The Blues Brothers were produced by Universal Studios, which merged with NBC in 2004 to form NBC Universal (Universal also has a joint venture with Paramount for international distribution of the two studios' films).

In addition, Office Space (1999) originated from a series of Mike Judge animated short films that aired on SNL after appearing on several other programs.[40]

The character Bob Roberts from the Tim Robbins film of the same name, first appeared on SNL in a short film about the conservative folk singer.

The group The Folksmen first appeared on SNL, performing the song "Old Joe's Place" before later appearing in the film A Mighty Wind. The three members of the Folksmen were the same three comedians: Harry Shearer, Michael McKean, and Christopher Guest, who also appeared on the same episode as the rock group Spinal Tap. At the time of the appearance (the 1984–85 season), Shearer and Guest were cast members.

Awards

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Saturday Night Live

Saturday Night Live has won numerous awards since its debut, including 21 Primetime Emmy Awards,[41] 1 Peabody Award,[42] and 3 Writers Guild of America Awards.[43] In 2002, it was ranked tenth on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time,[44] while in 2007 it was honored with inclusion on Time magazine's list of "100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME."[3][8]

Merchandise

DVD

Main article: List of Saturday Night Live DVD releases

Currently, Universal Studios Home Entertainment and Lions Gate Entertainment hold video rights to the series. Universal has issued complete season DVD sets to the first few seasons, while Lionsgate's share of the rights are a result of prior contracts with NBC struck before the NBC Universal merger. A majority of Lionsgate's SNL DVDs are "Best Of..." compilations.

Books

The first authorized book for the series was published by Avon Books in 1977. Saturday Night Live (ISBN 0380018012) was edited by Anne Beatts and John Head, with photography by Edie Baskin;[45] all three worked for Saturday Night Live at the time the book was published. The oversized illustrated paperback included the scripts for several sketches by the Not Ready for Prime Time Players, as the repertory cast was known at first.[46]

Criticism and controversy

Censorship

In some cases, a sketch was censored in repeat broadcasts.

  • In a November 21, 1992, "Wayne's World" sketch, the characters Wayne and Garth (respectively portrayed by Mike Myers and Dana Carvey) made fun of Chelsea Clinton (the then 12-year-old daughter of the then President-elect Bill Clinton), implying that Chelsea was incapable of causing males to "Schwing!". This joke was subsequently edited out of all repeats and syndication rebroadcasts of this sketch.[47]
  • The 1998 Robert Smigel animated short film "Conspiracy Theory Rock", part of a March 1998 "TV Funhouse" segment, has been removed from all subsequent airings of the SNL episode where it originally appeared. Michaels claimed the edit was done because it "wasn't funny". The film is a scathing critique of corporate media ownership, including NBC's ownership by General Electric/Westinghouse.[48]

Ashlee Simpson incident

Simpson appeared as a musical guest on October 23, 2004, and, as is customary for the show's format, she was scheduled to perform two songs. Her first song, "Pieces of Me," was performed without problems. However, when she began her second song, "Autobiography," the vocals for the song "Pieces of Me" were heard again—before she had even raised the microphone to her mouth. Simpson began to do an impromptu jig when she realized the embarrassing error, but then left the stage.[49] During the closing of the show Simpson appeared with the guest host Jude Law and said, "I'm so sorry. My band started playing the wrong song, and I didn't know what to do, so I thought I'd do a hoedown."[50][51]

On October 25, Simpson called in to the music video show Total Request Live and explained that due to complications arising from severe acid reflux disease, which had previously been seen bothering her in The Ashlee Simpson Show, she had completely lost her voice and her doctor had advised her not to sing. She said that because of the acid reflux, her father wanted her to use a vocal guide track for the performance. Simpson stated of the incident, "I made a complete fool of myself." According to Simpson, the drummer hit the wrong button, which caused the wrong track to be played.[52] During the October 25 Radio Music Awards broadcast, Simpson pretended, as a joke, to make the same mistake as she did in the SNL incident, but then began to perform "Autobiography" without using a pre-recorded vocal track as she had done during the prior SNL performance. On October 31, the CBS news program 60 Minutes aired footage from Simpson's rehearsals before the SNL performance in which Simpson is shown to be disturbed by poor voice control.

When Jude Law hosted for the second time in season 35 on March 13, 2010, with musical guest Pearl Jam, he referenced the incident, saying "You know, last time I was here, my musical guest was Ashlee Simpson. And you know what? I think she was great!" Law mouthed the "I think she was great!" part, while a pre-recorded voice of his played over the loudspeakers.

Sinéad O'Connor incident

O'Connor rips a picture of Pope John Paul II

On October 3, 1992, Sinéad O'Connor appeared on SNL as the musical guest. She was singing an a cappella version of Bob Marley's "War," which she intended as a protest over the sexual abuse in the Roman Catholic Church, by changing the lyric "racism" to "child abuse."[53] She then presented a photo of Pope John Paul II to the camera while singing the word "evil", after which she tore the photo into pieces, said "Fight the real enemy," and threw the pieces towards the camera.[54][55]

Saturday Night Live had no foreknowledge of O'Connor's plan. As of 2010, NBC still declines to rebroadcast the sequence with the exception of an interview with O'Connor on MSNBC's The Rachel Maddow Show which aired on 24 April 2010 when MSNBC aired the full clip during the interview. NBC replaced the incident with footage from the dress rehearsal where O'Connor holds a photo of an African child before bowing and leaving the stage. The dress rehearsal version is also used for 60-minute syndicated rebroadcasts (seen on Comedy Central and E! Entertainment Television). However, the original episode is available on volume four of the SNL DVD special "Saturday Night Live - 25 Years of Music", with an introduction by show creator/executive producer Lorne Michaels about the incident.

Rage Against the Machine incident

On April 13, 1996, the band Rage Against the Machine were the musical guests, and were scheduled to perform two songs. The show was hosted that night by ex-Republican presidential candidate and billionaire Steve Forbes. According to RATM guitarist Tom Morello, "RATM wanted to stand in sharp juxtaposition to a billionaire telling jokes and promoting his flat tax by making our own statement."[56] To this end, the band hung two upside-down American flags from their amplifiers. Seconds before they took the stage to perform "Bulls on Parade", SNL and NBC sent stagehands in to pull the flags down.[57] Following the removal of the flags during the first performance, the band was approached by SNL and NBC officials and ordered to immediately leave the building. Upon hearing this, bassist Tim Commerford reportedly stormed Forbes' dressing room, throwing shreds from one of the torn down flags. Morello noted that members of the Saturday Night Live cast and crew, whom he declined to name, "[e]xpressed solidarity with our actions, and a sense of shame that their show had censored the performance."[56]

Further reading

  • Cader, Michael. (1994). Saturday Night Live: The First Twenty Years. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-70895-8.
  • Hill, Doug, and Jeff Weingrad. (1986). Saturday Night: A Backstage History of Saturday Night Live. New York, NY: Beech Tree Books. ISBN 0-688-05099-9.
  • Mohr, Jay. (2004). Gasping for Airtime: Two Years in the Trenches of Saturday Night Live. New York, NY: Hyperion. ISBN 1-4013-0006-5.
  • Shales, Tom, and James Andrew Miller. (2002). Live from New York: An Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live. Boston, MA: Little, Brown. ISBN 0-316-78146-0.
  • Streeter, Michael. (2005). Nothing Lost Forever: The Films of Tom Schiller. New York, NY: BearManor Media. ISBN 1593930321.

References

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  3. ^ a b c d e "NBC.com > Saturday Night Live (About)". NBC.com. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
  4. ^ "Saturday Night Live Cast and Crew". TV.com. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
  5. ^ Shales, Tom (2002-11-10). "FIRST CHAPTER: 'Live From New York'". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
  6. ^ "Cityfile: Jean Doumanian". Cityfile. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
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  8. ^ a b Poniewozik, James (2007-09-06). "The 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME". Time. Time.com. Retrieved March 4, 2010.
  9. ^ http://www.tvweek.com/blogs/tvbizwire/2010/07/with-13-additional-emmy-nomina.php
  10. ^ Itzkoff, Dave (2010-07-08). "'Saturday Night Live' Breaks an Emmy Record, and Lorne Michaels Is Cool With That". The New York Times.
  11. ^ SNL's Beginnings from NBC
  12. ^ SNL Time Line from NBC
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  15. ^ SNL Cast from NBC
  16. ^ Announcer Profile from IMDB
  17. ^ http://www.californiachronicle.com/articles/yb/149602234
  18. ^ SNL Band from NBC
  19. ^ SNL's Studio from NBC
  20. ^ "Case study. Saturday Night Live: Live from New York through a fibre channel SAN" (PDF). QLogic. 2005. Retrieved 2009-11-16.
  21. ^ "Broadway Video's reinvention by design; this New York post stalwart has added talent and increased services". Post. 2009-05-01. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
  22. ^ "Welcome to Broadway Video". Broadwayvideo.com. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  23. ^ "NBC Production Services". NBC Production Services. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
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  25. ^ Hill, Julianne (2000). "SNL's Tina Fey". Writer's Digest: 40. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  26. ^ "Writer and Actress Tina Fey" (Audio). Fresh Air. NPR. 2004-04-28. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
  27. ^ "It's Saturday Night Delayed!". Studio Briefing. Internet Movie Database. 2001-02-13. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
  28. ^ Hill, Doug (1986). Saturday Night: A Backstage History of Saturday Night Live. New York: Beech Tree Books. ISBN 0688050999. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ Romano, Allison (2002-10-25). "Comedy Central Goes Mad". Broadcasting & Cable. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
  30. ^ "Martin Lawrence's Monologue". SNL Transcripts. 2003-04-12. Retrieved 2008-03-03. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  31. ^ The Onion AV Club article: "Inventory: Ten Memorable Saturday Night Live Musical Moments."
  32. ^ Schreffler, Laura (September 28, 2009). "'Saturday Night Live' cast member Jenny Slate drops F-bomb in premiere episode hosted by Megan Fox". New York Daily News. Retrieved January 1, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ "SNL Transcripts: Peter Sarsgaard: 01/21/06". Snltranscripts.jt.org. 2006-01-21. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  34. ^ "SNL Transcripts: Jason Lee: 11/12/05". Snltranscripts.jt.org. 2005-11-12. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  35. ^ Armstrong, Jennifer (September 30, 2009). "Paul Shaffer: Slipping F-- words into 'SNL' way before Jenny Slate". PopWatch. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 1, 2010.
  36. ^ Saturday Night Live franchise films from Box Office Mojo
  37. ^ FAQ: What is the Tomatometer? from Rotten Tomatoes
  38. ^ How We Calculate Our Scores: The Long FAQ from Metacritic
  39. ^ Live, From New York, It's the Worst Movies From the Cast of SNL from filmcritic.com
  40. ^ Fierman, Daniel (February 26, 1999). "Judge's Dread". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  41. ^ "Primetime Emmy® Award Database". Emmys.com. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  42. ^ "George Foster Peabody award winners" (PDF). National Association of Broadcasters. Retrieved 2009-11-23.
  43. ^ "Writers Guild Awards". Writers Guild of America, West. Retrieved 2009-11-23.
  44. ^ "TV Guide names Top 50 shows". Associated Press/CBS News. 2002-04-26. Retrieved 2009-11-23.
  45. ^ Saturday Night Live (1977) from the Library of Congress Online Catalog
  46. ^ Eric Idle Books from dailyllama.com
  47. ^ Nevius, C.W. (2004-01-22). "Just ask Chelsea, Jenna and Barbara: Escaping the glare of the spotlight isn't easy for kids whose dads work in the Oval Office". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
  48. ^ [1]
  49. ^ "Ashlee Simpson". SNL Archives. Retrieved 2010-07-23.
  50. ^ "USA Today: Did 'Saturday Night Live' expose Ashlee Simpson's extra help?". 2004-10-24. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
  51. ^ "Ashlee Simpson Performance Incident". Youtube. Retrieved 2010-07-23.
  52. ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (October 25, 2004). "Ashlee Blames Gastric Distress For 'SNL' Lip-Synch Snafu". MTV News.
  53. ^ Tapper, Jake (2002-10-12). "Sinéad was right". Arts & Entertainment. Salon.com. Retrieved 2006-10-24. {{cite news}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  54. ^ "Simulating Sinéad O'Connor-- Sinéad O'Connor Rips It Up". Vol. 33. NOT BORED!. 2001-10. pp. ISSN 1084-7340. Retrieved 2006-10-24. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  55. ^ "Sinead O'Connor, War Performance". Youtube. Retrieved 2010-07-23.
  56. ^ a b Anon., Saturday Night Live Incident, Public release and distribution. Retrieved November 12, 2007.
  57. ^ "Rage Against the Machine". The Flag Burning Page. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
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