Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street

This article is about the 1979 musical. For other uses, see Sweeney Todd (disambiguation).

Sweeney Todd
The Demon Barber of Fleet Street.
Artwork from the original Broadway production
Music	Stephen Sondheim
Lyrics	Stephen Sondheim
Book	Hugh Wheeler
Basis	Christopher Bond's 1973 play
Productions	1979 Broadway 1980 West End 1980 U.S. Tour 1982 U.S. Tour 1982 Telecast of national tour 1984 Houston Grand Opera 1984 New York City Opera 1989 Broadway revival 1993 London South Bank International productions 1998 Teatro Español, Madrid 1998 Opera North, Leeds 2002 Lyric Opera of Chicago 2003 London Royal Opera House 2004 West End revival 2004 New York City Opera revival 2005 Broadway revival 2007 U.S. Tour 2007 film 2008 London revival 2010 Buenos Aires 2011 Chatelet Theatre, Paris 2011 Chichester Festival Theatre West Sussex 2012 West End revival 2012 Czech Republic 2013 The Royal Exchange Theatre 2014 Quebec City
Awards	Tony Award for Best Musical Tony Award for Best Book Tony Award for Best Original Score Drama Desk Outstanding Musical Drama Desk Outstanding Book Drama Desk Outstanding Lyrics Drama Desk Outstanding Music Oliver Award for Best New Musical

Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street is a 1979 musical thriller with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by Hugh Wheeler. The musical is based on the 1973 play Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street by Christopher Bond. Set in 19th century England, the musical tells the story of Benjamin Barker, alias Sweeney Todd, who returns to London after 15 years' transportation on trumped-up charges, to take revenge on the judge who banished him.

Sweeney Todd opened on Broadway in 1979 and in the West End in 1980. In addition to several revivals the musical has been presented by opera companies. It won the Tony Award for Best Musical and Olivier Award for Best New Musical.

Synopsis

Prologue

The company, representing citizens of London, drop a body bag into a shallow grave. As they sing, Sweeney Todd rises from the grave as though summoned by their song ("The Ballad of Sweeney Todd"), and introduces the play, set some months before the burial. The company appear throughout the show as a Greek chorus to comment on the action of the play. HI

Act One

The year is 1846, in which the young sailor Anthony Hope has recently rescued Sweeney Todd at sea, and the two are riding a ship into London. On land, Todd's grim mood is worsened by a half-mad Beggar Woman who sexually solicits both men, and appears to recognize Todd ("No Place Like London"). Before the two part, Todd discourages Anthony's innocence by describing a naïve barber (himself), his wife, and the judge who exiled him to pursue her ("The Barber and His Wife"). Todd soon enters a meat pie shop on Fleet Street, where the shop's proprietress, Mrs. Nellie Lovett, laments about the difficult economic times ("Worst Pies in London"). When Todd asks about her unoccupied upstairs apartment, she reveals that its tenant, the barber Benjamin Barker, was sentenced to life imprisonment on false charges by the corrupt Judge Turpin because of the Judge's lust for Barker's wife, Lucy; whereafter the Judge and his loyal cohort, Beadle Bamford, lured Lucy to the Judge's home and raped her ("Poor Thing"). Todd's reaction to this narrative confirms Mrs. Lovett's suspicions that he is himself Benjamin Barker; and she tells Todd that his wife poisoned herself and that their then-infant daughter, Johanna, became a ward of the Judge. When Todd swears revenge on the Judge and Beadle, Mrs. Lovett reveals Todd's old collection of sterling silver razors, with which (she claims) he can resume his former office above her shop. Todd accepts ("My Friends" and "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd – Reprise").

Meanwhile, Anthony notices an exquisite blonde girl singing to the birds sold outside her window ("Green Finch and Linnet Bird"), and the Beggar Woman tells Anthony that the girl is Johanna, Judge Turpin's ward. Unaware that Johanna is his friend Todd's daughter, Anthony is immediately enamored ("Ah, Miss") and pledges to woo her; but the Judge and the Beadle frighten him into leaving, and Anthony swears to seize her from them ("Johanna").

In the crowded marketplace, faux-Italian barber Adolfo Pirelli and his simple-minded assistant, Tobias Ragg, pitch a cure-all for hair loss ("Pirelli's Miracle Elixir"); whereupon Todd, after exposing the elixir as a hoax, challenges Pirelli to a shaving competition, which he wins easily ("The Contest"), and invites the impressed Beadle to a complimentary shave ("The Ballad of Sweeney Todd – Reprise 2").

Several days later, Judge Turpin flagellates himself in a frenzy, and resolves to marry Johanna himself. ("Johanna – Mea Culpa"). Todd grows frustrated waiting for the Beadle's arrival, despite Mrs. Lovett's attempts to calm him ("Wait"). Anthony tells Todd of his plan to ask Johanna to elope with him, and requests to use Todd's barbershop as a safe-house for the girl; and Todd, eager to reunite with his daughter, agrees. When Anthony leaves, Pirelli and Tobias visit the shop, and Mrs. Lovett takes Toby downstairs for a pie. Alone with Todd, Pirelli reveals that his real name is Daniel O'Higgins and recounts having served as an assistant to Todd fifteen years ago. When O'Higgins attempts to blackmail his former employer, Todd strangles and conceals him. Having distracted Tobias with a promise of another pie and some gin, Todd cuts O'Higgins' throat ("Pirelli's Death" and "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd – Reprise 3"). Johanna and Anthony plan to elope ("Kiss Me"), while the Beadle recommends Todd's services to the Judge, in order to improve his appearance for better winning Johanna's affections ("Ladies in Their Sensitivities").

Mrs. Lovett, having learned of Pirelli's murder, is panicked until she learns of the blackmail attempt, after which she seizes Pirelli's coin purse. She and Todd are planning to dispose of the body when the Judge enters, and Todd admits him; lulling the Judge into relaxation and engaging him in a conversation ("Pretty Women"). Before Todd can kill the Judge, Anthony enters to tell Todd his and Johanna's plans, accidentally informing the Judge, who storms out, vowing never to return. Todd drives Anthony away before descending into madness, in which he vows to punish the rich and corrupt, and relieve the poor of their misery, by killing his clients ("Epiphany"), and Mrs. Lovett suggests that they use the flesh of Todd's victims (including Pirelli) in her meat pies ("A Little Priest").

Act Two

Several weeks later, Mrs. Lovett's pie shop has become a thriving business, and Toby is working for Lovett as a waiter ("God, That's Good!"). Todd and Mrs. Lovett acquire a specially-designed mechanical barber's chair that allows Todd to kill his client and send the body through a chute into the pie shop's basement bakehouse for Mrs. Lovett to cook. Todd has accustomed himself to having lost Johanna, and spends his time cutting his customers' throats, while Anthony searches the city for her and the Beggar Woman shrieks against the foul-smelling smoke arising from Mrs. Lovett's bakehouse ("Johanna–Quartet"). Anthony finds Johanna when he hears her singing from an insane asylum, but he is chased away by the Beadle.

After a day of hard work, Mrs. Lovett tries to allure Todd with retirement by the seaside ("By the Sea"); but he remains fixed on his revenge. Anthony begs Todd for help to free Johanna from the Madhouse, and Todd devises a plan to rescue her by having Anthony pose as a wigmaker intent on purchasing inmates' hair ("Wigmaker Sequence" and "The Ballad... – Reprise 4"). When Anthony has gone, Todd sends a secret letter to notify the Judge of Anthony's plot, hoping to lure the Judge to his shop. The contents of the letter are sung aloud by a quintet from the company ("The Letter").

In the pie shop, Toby expresses suspicions against Todd and his own desire to protect Mrs. Lovett ("Not While I'm Around"). When he recognizes Pirelli's coin purse in Mrs. Lovett's possession, she distracts him by showing him the bakehouse, instructing him to work the meat grinder and the oven, and then locking him alone in the basement. Upstairs, she encounters Beadle Bamford at her harmonium, commissioned by neighbors to investigate the strange smoke emitted by the pie shop's chimney. Mrs. Lovett stalls the Beadle until Todd offers the Beadle his promised "free shave"; whereupon Mrs. Lovett loudly plays her harmonium to cover the screams of the Beadle's demise above ("Parlor Songs"). In the bakehouse, Toby discovers a hair and a human fingernail in a pie, when the Beadle's fresh corpse tumbles into the basement. Above, Mrs. Lovett informs Todd that Toby has discovered their secret, and they resolve to kill him.

Anthony arrives at the asylum to rescue Johanna; but Mr. Jonas Fogg, the owner of the asylum, attempts to stop them. When Anthony is unable to kill Fogg, Johanna does so instead, and they escape. The asylum's inmates run onto the streets, ecstatically proclaiming the end of the world, while Todd and Mrs. Lovett hunt for Toby and the Beggar Woman calls on the Beadle to beware of Mrs. Lovett ("City on Fire/Searching").

Anthony and Johanna, who is now disguised in a sailor's uniform, arrive to find Todd's shop empty. Anthony leaves to find a coach and he and Johanna reaffirm their love ("Ah Miss, Reprise"). Left alone, Johanna hears the Beggar Woman calling for the Beadle and hides before the frenzied woman enters the barbershop. The Beggar Woman seems to recognize the room; but before she can make sense of it, Todd arrives and slits her throat, sending her down the chute before the Judge enters ("Beggar Woman's Lullaby"). Todd assures the Judge that Johanna is repentant and the Judge asks for a face massage and some cologne before reuniting with her. Once he has the Judge in his chair, Todd soothes and suddenly mocks him; wherefore, the Judge recognizes Benjamin Barker just before Todd kills him ("The Judge's Return"). He leaves to find Tobias, but catches Johanna; and not recognizing her in the sailor's uniform, he nearly slits her throat before Mrs. Lovett shrieks from the bakehouse below, providing a distraction for Johanna to escape.

In the bakehouse, Mrs. Lovett panics while struggling with the wounded Judge, who claws at her before finally dying. She attempts to drag the beggar woman's body into the oven, but Todd arrives before she can do so. When the light from the oven falls upon the dead woman's face, Todd realizes in horror that she is his wife Lucy. Under pressure, Mrs. Lovett confesses she concealed Lucy's survival from Todd to make him available to herself; and Todd feigns forgiveness and dances with her until she is in front of the oven, in which he incinerates her. Todd then embraces the dead Lucy and recalls his background-story. Toby, with his hair now white from shock and babbling nursery rhymes to himself, picks up Todd's fallen razor, and strikes at Todd. As Anthony, Johanna, and some constables break into the bakehouse, Todd falls dead and Toby drops the razor, heedless of the others, while absentmindedly turning the meat grinder ("Final Scene").

Epilogue

The company recite "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd", and the ghosts of Todd and Mrs. Lovett conclude that Todd's revenge was efficient. The company exits, with Todd and Mrs. Lovett being the last, and Todd pauses at the large iron door at the back of the stage to look at Mrs. Lovett before slamming the door.

Musical numbers

Prologue

• "Organ Prelude"
• "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd" – Company

Act I

• "No Place Like London" – Todd, Anthony and Beggar Woman
• "The Barber and His Wife" – Todd
• "The Worst Pies in London" – Mrs. Lovett
• "Poor Thing" – Mrs. Lovett
• "My Friends" – Todd and Mrs. Lovett
• "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd (Reprise)" – Company
• "Green Finch and Linnet Bird" – Johanna
• "Ah, Miss" – Anthony and Beggar Woman
• "Johanna" – Anthony
• "Pirelli's Miracle Elixir" – Tobias Ragg, Todd, Mrs. Lovett and Company
• "The Contest":
  • "Pirelli's Entrance" – Pirelli
  • "Shaving Scene" – Pirelli
  • "Tooth-Pulling Scene" ^† – Pirelli and Tobias
• "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd (Reprise 2)" – Ensemble
• "Johanna (Judge's Song): Mea Culpa" ^{† ‡} – Judge Turpin
• "Wait" – Mrs. Lovett
• "Pirelli's Death" – Pirelli
• "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd (Reprise 3)" – Trio from the Company
• "Kiss Me" – Johanna and Anthony
• "Ladies in their Sensitivities" – Beadle Bamford
• "Kiss Me (Quartet)" – Beadle Bamford, Johanna, Anthony and Judge Turpin
• "Pretty Women" – Todd and Judge Turpin
• "Epiphany" – Todd and Mrs. Lovett
• "A Little Priest" – Todd and Mrs. Lovett

Act II

• "God, That's Good!" – Tobias, Mrs. Lovett, Todd and Company
• "Johanna (Quartet)" – Anthony, Todd, Johanna and Beggar Woman
• "By the Sea" – Mrs. Lovett and Todd
• "Wigmaker Sequence":
  • "Wigmaker" – Todd and Anthony
  • "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd (Reprise 4)" – Company
  • "Wigmaker (Reprise)" – Todd and Anthony
  • "The Letter" – Quintet from the Company
• "Not While I'm Around" – Tobias and Mrs. Lovett
• "Parlor Songs": ^†
  • "Sweet Polly Plunkett" – Beadle Bamford and Mrs. Lovett
  • "Tower of Bray" – Beadle Bamford, Mrs. Lovett and Tobias
  • "Sweet Polly Plunkett (Reprise)" – Mrs. Lovett
• "Final Sequence":
  • "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd (Reprise 5)" – Company
  • "Fogg's Asylum" – Company
  • "City on Fire / Searching" – Company, Johanna and Anthony/Todd, Mrs. Lovett and Beggar Woman
  • "Ah, Miss (Reprise)" – Anthony and Johanna
  • "Beggar Woman's Lullaby" § – Beggar Woman
  • "The Judge's Return" – Todd and Judge Turpin
  • "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd (Reprise 6)" – Company
  • "Final Scene" – Todd, Mrs. Lovett and Tobias

Epilogue

• "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd (Reprise 7)" – Company

Notes on the songs:

• † Despite being cut in previews for reasons of length, these numbers were included on the Original Cast Recording. They have been restored in subsequent productions.
• ‡ This song was moved to after "Pirelli's death" in the 2000 and 2014 New York Philharmonic concert performances.
• § This number was written for the original London production and first recorded for the 2000 New York Philharmonic concert performance.
• The song "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd" and its multiple reprises are titled in some productions by their first lyrics to differentiate them from one another:
  List of their full titles here

  • "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd: Attend the Tale of Sweeney Todd"
  • "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd (Reprise): Lift Your Razor High, Sweeney"
  • "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd (Reprise 2): Sweeney Pondered and Sweeney Planned"
  • "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd (Reprise 3): His Hands Were Quick, His Fingers Strong"
  • "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd (Reprise 4): Sweeney'd Waited Too Long Before"
  • "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd (Reprise 5): The Engine Roared, The Motor Hissed"
  • "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd (Reprise 6): Lift Your Razor High, Sweeney"
  • "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd (Reprise 7): Attend the Tale of Sweeney Todd"

• Sources: SondheimGuide.com & InternetBroadwayDatabase

Principal roles

Character	Voice Type	Description
Sweeney Todd / Benjamin Barker	Bass-Baritone or Baritone	Morose and vengeful; a barber by profession who returned to London, after fifteen years of unjust incarceration in an Australian penal colony, to seek revenge first on the corrupt judge who sent him there, and then on all his clients.
Mrs. Lovett	Contralto or Mezzo-soprano	A cheerful, talkative, but amoral restaurateur; Todd's landlady, but enamored of him.
Anthony Hope	Baritone / Tenor	A young, naïve sailor who has rescued Todd and falls in love with Johanna Barker.
Johanna Barker	Soprano	Todd's beautiful young daughter, claimed by Judge Turpin as his ward.
Judge Turpin	Bass or Bass-Baritone	A corrupt judiciary official who becomes infatuated with Lucy Barker, and later with her daughter Johanna.
Tobias Ragg	Tenor/ Boy soprano	A simpleton who works first for confidence-man Pirelli, and then for Mrs. Lovett, but does not trust Todd.
Beadle Bamford	Tenor / Countertenor	Turpin's right-hand man and accomplice.
Beggar Woman / Lucy Barker	Mezzo-soprano	A mad crone whose interjections go unheeded, eventually identified as Benjamin Barker's wife, Lucy, who was raped by Judge Turpin.
Adolfo Pirelli / Daniel O'Higgins	Dramatic Tenor	An Irish charlatan and former employee of Benjamin Barker's who has since developed a public persona as a flashy Italian barber; he attempts to blackmail Todd, but is immediately killed.

Productions

Original Broadway production and tour

The original production premiered on Broadway at the Uris Theatre on March 1, 1979 and closed on June 29, 1980 after 557 performances and 19 previews. Directed by Hal Prince and choreographed by Larry Fuller, the scenic design was by Eugene Lee, costumes by Franne Lee and lighting by Ken Billington. The cast included Angela Lansbury as Mrs. Lovett, Len Cariou as Todd, Victor Garber as Anthony, Sarah Rice as Johanna, Merle Louise as the Beggar Woman, Ken Jennings as Tobias, Edmund Lyndeck as Judge Turpin, Joaquin Romaguera as Pirelli, and Jack Eric Williams as Beadle Bamford. The production was nominated for nine Tony Awards, winning eight including Best Musical. Dorothy Loudon and George Hearn replaced Lansbury and Cariou on March 4, 1980.

The first national US tour started on October 24, 1980, in Washington, D.C. and ended in August 1981 in Los Angeles, California. Lansbury was joined by Hearn and this version was taped during the Los Angeles engagement and broadcast on PBS on September 12, 1982.

A North American tour started on February 23, 1982, in Wilmington, Delaware, and ended on July 17, 1982, in Toronto, Ontario. June Havoc and Ross Petty starred.

Original London production

The first London production opened on July 2, 1980, at the West End's Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, starring Denis Quilley and Sheila Hancock along with Andrew C. Wadsworth as Anthony, Mandy More as Johanna, Michael Staniforth as Tobias, Austin Kent as Judge Turpin, Dilys Watling as the Beggar Woman, David Wheldon-Williams as Beadle Bamford, Oz Clarke as Jonas Fogg, and John Aron as Pirelli. The show ran for 157 performances. Despite receiving mixed reviews, the production won the Olivier Award for Best New Musical in 1980. The production closed on November 14, 1980.

1989 Broadway revival

The first Broadway revival opened on September 14, 1989 at the Circle in the Square Theatre, and closed on February 25, 1990 after 189 performances and 46 previews. It was produced by Theodore Mann, directed by Susan H. Schulman, with choreography by Michael Lichtefeld. The cast featured Bob Gunton (Sweeney Todd), Beth Fowler (Mrs. Lovett), Eddie Korbich (Tobias Ragg), Jim Walton (Anthony Hope) and David Barron (Judge Turpin). The production was originally produced Off-Off-Broadway by the York Theatre Company at the Church of the Heavenly Rest from March 31, 1989 to April 29, 1989. This production received four Tony Award nominations: for Best Revival of a Musical, Best Actor in a Musical, Best Actress in a Musical and Best Direction of a Musical, but failed to win any.

1993 West End revival

In 1993, the show received its first West End revival at the Royal National Theatre. The production opened originally at the Cottesloe Theatre on June 2, 1993, and later transferred to the Lyttleton Theatre on December 16, 1993, playing in repertory and closing on June 1, 1994. The show's design was slightly altered to fit a proscenium arch theatre space for the Lyttleton Theatre. The director was Declan Donnellan and the Cottesloe Theatre production starred Alun Armstrong as Todd and Julia McKenzie as Mrs. Lovett, with Adrian Lester as Anthony, Barry James as Beadle Bamford and Denis Quilley (who had originated the title role in the original London production in 1980) as Judge Turpin. When the show transferred, Quilley replaced Armstrong in the title role. Sondheim praised Donnellan for the "small 'chamber' approach to the show which was the composer's original vision for the piece." This production received Olivier Awards for Best Musical Revival, Best Actor in a Musical (Armstrong) and Best Actress in a Musical (McKenzie), as well as nominations for Best Director and two for Best Supporting Performance in a musical.

2004 London revival

In 2004, John Doyle directed a revival of the musical at the Watermill Theatre in Newbury, England, running from July 27, 2004 until October 9, 2004. This production subsequently transferred to the West End's Trafalgar Studios and then the Ambassadors Theatre. This production was notable for having no orchestra, with the 10-person cast playing the score themselves on musical instruments that they carried onstage. This marked the first time in nearly ten years that a Sondheim show had been presented in the commercial West End. It starred Paul Hegarty as Todd, Karen Mann as Mrs. Lovett, Rebecca Jackson as The Beggar Woman, Sam Kenyon as Tobias, Rebecca Jenkins as Johanna, David Ricardo-Pearce as Anthony and Colin Wakefield as Judge Turpin. This production closed February 5, 2005.

2005 Broadway revival

A version of the John Doyle West End production transferred to Broadway, opening on November 3, 2005 at the Eugene O'Neill Theatre with a new cast, all of whom played their own instruments, as had been done in London. The cast consisted of: Patti LuPone (Mrs. Lovett/Tuba/Percussion), Michael Cerveris (Todd/Guitar), Manoel Felciano (Tobias/Violin/Clarinet/Piano), Alexander Gemignani (Beadle/Piano/Trumpet), Lauren Molina (Johanna/Cello), Benjamin Magnuson (Anthony/Cello/Piano), Mark Jacoby (Turpin/Trumpet/Percussion), Donna Lynne Champlin (Pirelli/Accordion/Flute/Piano), Diana DiMarzio (Beggar Woman/Clarinet) and John Arbo (Fogg/Double bass). The production ran for 384 performances and was nominated for six Tony Awards, winning two: Best Direction of a Musical for Doyle and Best Orchestrations for Sarah Travis who had reconstructed Jonathan Tunick's original arrangements to suit the ten-person cast and orchestra. Because of the small scale of the musical, it cost $3.5 million to make, a sum small in comparison to many Broadway musicals and recouped in nineteen weeks. A national tour based on Doyle's Broadway production began on August 30, 2007 with Judy Kaye (who had temporarily replaced LuPone in the Broadway run) as Mrs. Lovett and David Hess as Todd. Alexander Gemignani also played the title role for the Toronto run of the tour in November 2007.

2012 London revival

Michael Ball and Imelda Staunton starred in a new production of the show which played at The Chichester Festival Theatre, running from 24 September to 5 November 2011. Directed by Jonathan Kent, the cast included Ball as Todd, Staunton as Mrs. Lovett, James McConville as Tobias, John Bowe as Judge Turpin, Robert Burt as Pirelli, Luke Brady as Anthony, Gillian Kirkpatrick as Lucy Barker, Lucy May Barker as Johanna and Peter Polycarpou as Beadle Bamford. It notably takes place in the 1930s instead of 1846 and restored the oft-cut song "Johanna (Mea Culpa)". The production received positive reviews from both critics and audience members and transferred to the Adelphi Theatre in the West End in 2012 for a limited run from March 10 until September 22. The West End transfer received six Laurence Olivier Award nominations of which it won the three; Best Musical Revival, Best Actor in a Musical for Ball and Best Actress in a Musical for Staunton.

Other notable productions

1994 Los Angeles revival

In 1994, East West Players in Los Angeles staged a revival of the show directed by Tim Dang, featuring a largely Asian Pacific American cast. It was also the first time the show had been presented in an intimate house (Equity 99-seat). The production received 5 Ovation Awards including the Franklin Levy Award for Best Musical (Smaller Theatre) and Best Director (Musical) for Dang.

2002 Kennedy Center production

As part of the Kennedy Center Sondheim Celebration, Sweeney Todd ran from May 10, 2002 through June 30, 2002 at the Eisenhower Theatre, starring Brian Stokes Mitchell as Todd, Christine Baranski as Mrs. Lovett, Hugh Panaro as Anthony, Walter Charles (a member of the original cast), as Judge Turpin and Celia Keenan-Bolger as Johanna. It was directed by Christopher Ashley with choreography by Daniel Pelzig.

2007 Dublin production

Irish tenor David Shannon starred as Todd in a highly successful Dublin production of the show at the Gate Theatre, which ran from April 2007 through June 2007. The production employed a minimalistic approach: the cast consisted of a small ensemble of 14 performers, and the orchestra was a seven-piece band. The look of the production was quite abstract. The Sunday Times wrote that "The black backdrop of David Farley's rough hewn set and the stark minimalism of Rick Fisher's lighting suggest a self-conscious edginess, with Shannon's stylised make-up, long leather coat and brooding countenance only adding to the feeling." When a character died, flour was poured over them and their shoes would be removed.

2008 Gothenburg production

The 2008 Gothenburg production premiered on May 15, 2008 at The Göteborg Opera. The show was a collaboration with West End International Ltd. The cast featured Michael McCarthy as Sweeney Todd and Rosemary Ashe as Mrs Lovett. The show did a four week-run and ended on June 8, 2008.

2010 National Youth Music Theatre, London

In 2010, fifty members of the National Youth Music Theatre staged a production at the Village Underground as part of Stephen Sondheim's 80th birthday celebrations in London. NYMT took the show, directed by Martin Constantine, out of a conventional theatre space and staged it within a converted Victorian warehouse in the city's East End. NYMT's patron Jude Law was in attendance on the last night. The company revived the show in 2011 for the International Youth Arts Festival at the Rose Theatre in Kingston upon Thames.

2011 Paris production

A major new production opened in April 2011 at the Théâtre du Châtelet (Paris), which first gave Sondheim a place on the French stage with their production of A Little Night Music. The director was Lee Blakeley with choreography by Lorena Randi and designs by Tanya McAllin. The cast featured Rod Gilfry and Franco Pomponi (Sweeney Todd) and Caroline O'Connor (Mrs Lovett).

2013 DUCTAC, Centrepoint Theatre, Dubai

Directed by Joseph Fowler with staging by Cressida Carre and designs by Jamie Todd. The cast featured Simeon Truby as (Sweeney Todd) and Natacza Boon (Mrs Lovett)

2014 Boston production

The Lyric Stage Company of Boston produced a magnificent run in September and October with the company's Artistic Director Spiro Veloudos staging and directing the show. With a cast ofChristopher Chew as Sweeney Todd and Amelia Broome as Mrs. Lovett, this was a powerhouse production vocally and was the most successful production the Lyric has seen.

2014 Quebec City Production

Quebec City-based Théâtre Décibel will produce the French-speaking world-premiere of the show. Translated by Joëlle Bond and directed by Louis Morin, the show will play from October 28 to November 8, 2014 at the Capitole de Québec. The cast includes Renaud Paradis as Sweeney Todd, Andréane Bouladier as Johanna, Jean Petitclerc as Judge Turpin, Pierre-Olivier Grondin as Anthony Hope, David Noël as Tobias and Katee Julien as Mrs. Lovett.

Opera house productions

The first opera company to mount Sweeney Todd was the Houston Grand Opera in a production directed by Hal Prince which ran from June 14, 1984 through June 24, 1984 for a total of 10 performances. Conducted by John DeMain, the production used scenic designs by Eugene Lee, costume designs by Franne Lee, and lighting designs by Ken Billington. The cast included Timothy Nolen in the title role, Joyce Castle as Mrs. Lovett, Cris Groenendaal as Anthony, Lee Merrill as Johanna, Will Roy as Judge Turpin, and Barry Busse as The Beadle.

In 1984 the show was presented by the New York City Opera. Hal Prince recreated the staging using the simplified set of the 2nd national tour. It was well received and most performances sold out. It was brought back for limited runs in 1986 and 2004. Notably the 2004 production starred Elaine Paige as Mrs Lovett. The show was also performed by Opera North in 1998 in the UK starring Steven Page and Beverley Klein, directed by David McVicar and conducted by James Holmes.

In the early 2000s, Sweeney Todd gained acceptance with opera companies throughout the United States, Canada, Japan, Germany, Israel, Spain, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Australia. Bryn Terfel, the popular Welsh bass-baritone, performed the title role at Lyric Opera of Chicago in 2002, with Judith Christian, David Cangelosi, Timothy Nolen, Bonaventura Bottone, Celena Shaffer and Nathan Gunn. It was performed at the Royal Opera House in London as part of the Royal Opera season (December 2003-January 2004) starring Sir Thomas Allen as Todd, Felicity Palmer as Mrs. Lovett and a supporting cast that included Rosalind Plowright, Robert Tear and Jonathan Veira as Judge Turpin. The Finnish National Opera performed Sweeney Todd in 1997-98. The Israeli National Opera has performed Sweeney Todd twice. The Icelandic Opera performed Sweeney Todd in the fall of 2004, the first time in Iceland.

Concert productions

A "Reprise!" Concert version was performed at Los Angeles' Ahmanson Theatre on March 12–14, 1999 with Kelsey Grammer as Todd, Christine Baranski as Mrs. Lovett, Davis Gaines as Anthony, Neil Patrick Harris as Tobias, Melissa Manchester as The Beggar Woman, Roland Rusinek as The Beadle, Dale Kristien as Johanna and Ken Howard as Judge Turpin.

London's Royal Festival Hall hosted two performances on February 13, 2000, starring Len Cariou as Todd, Judy Kaye as Mrs. Lovett, and Davis Gaines as Anthony. A 4-day concert took place in July 2007 at the same venue with Bryn Terfel, Maria Friedman, Daniel Boys and Philip Quast.

Director Lonny Price directed a semi-staged concert production of "Sweeney Todd" on May 4–6, 2000 at Avery Fisher Hall at Lincoln Center, New York with the New York Philharmonic. The cast included George Hearn (a last-minute substitute for Bryn Terfel), Patti LuPone, Neil Patrick Harris, Davis Gaines, John Aler, Paul Plishka, Heidi Grant Murphy, Stanford Olsen and Audra McDonald. This concert also played in San Francisco, from July 9, 2001 to July 21, with the San Francisco Symphony. Hearn and LuPone were joined once again by Harris, Aler, and Olsen as well as new additions Victoria Clark, Lisa Vroman and Timothy Nolen. This production was taped for PBS broadcast. The same production played at the Ravinia Festival in Chicago on August 24, 2001, with most of the cast from the preceding concerts, except for Plishka and Clark, who were replaced by Sherrill Milnes and Hollis Resnik.

In 2014, Price directed a new concert production, returning to Avery Fisher Hall with the New York Philharmonic on March 5–8 with Bryn Terfel as Todd, Emma Thompson as Mrs. Lovett, Philip Quast as Judge Turpin, Jeff Blumenkrantz as The Beadle, Christian Borle as Pirelli, Kyle Brenn as Tobias, Jay Armstrong Johnson as Anthony, Erin Mackey as Johanna and in some of the performances Audra McDonald as The Beggar Woman. The concert was again filmed for broadcast on PBS as part of their Live from Lincoln Center series and was first aired on September 26, 2014.

Film adaptation

Main article: Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film)

A feature film adaptation of Sweeney Todd, jointly produced by DreamWorks and Warner Bros., was released on December 21, 2007. Tim Burton directed from a screenplay by John Logan. It stars Johnny Depp as Todd (Depp received an Oscar nomination and a Golden Globe award for his performance), Helena Bonham Carter as Mrs. Lovett, Alan Rickman as Judge Turpin, Sacha Baron Cohen as Signor Pirelli, Jamie Campbell Bower as Anthony Hope, Laura Michelle Kelly as The Beggar Woman, Jayne Wisener as Johanna, Ed Sanders as Toby, and Timothy Spall as Beadle Bamford. The film received high acclaim from critics and theatregoers and also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy.

Cultural references

On the Warner Bros. sitcom Just the 10 of Us, "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd" is performed by Connie Lubbock (JoAnn Willette) for her debut as a night club singer at a pizzeria.

Ed Helms's character, Andy Bernard, portrayed Anthony Hope in a production on The Office in the episode "Andy's Play".

In Kevin Smith's film Jersey Girl, characters from the film perform the play Sweeney Todd for a school performance.

A modified version of the logo is featured on the cover of the album, Hints Allegations and Things Left Unsaid by Collective Soul. The knife is replaced by a big flag, the picture is in colour and is on a red background, and the man is just on the cover. This is likely due to founding member Will Turpin sharing a last name with Judge Turpin.

School edition

Music Theatre International recently adapted the production to be performed by high schoolers. The only substantial edits that have been made are the removal of the Judge's "Johanna" and optional slightly different lyrics for a few of the Beggar Woman interludes, as well as optionally removing most of the swearing, and providing optional alterations to the stage directions so the murders did not need to be performed onstage. Repertory Company Theatre of Dallas's school of musical theater division in the US, Ysgol Bryn Elian, North Wales from the UK; Artestudio, a musical theatre school in Mexico; John Septimus Roe Anglican Community School in Perth, Australia and the Sunbeams School in Dhaka, Bangladesh were the first in their respective countries to perform the School Edition.

Themes

Stephen Sondheim believes that Sweeney Todd is a story of revenge and how it consumes a vengeful person. He has asserted, "…what the show is really about is obsession."

Hal Prince believed it to be an allegory of capitalism and its selfish qualities. He described this theme as follows: "It was only when I realized that the show was about revenge…and then came the factory, and the class struggle—the terrible struggle to move out of the class in which you're born…"

Musical analysis

Sondheim's score is one of his most complex, with orchestrations by his long-time collaborator Jonathan Tunick. Relying heavily on counterpoint and rich, angular harmonies, its compositional style has been compared to Maurice Ravel, Sergei Prokofiev, and Bernard Herrmann (who scored Alfred Hitchcock films). Sondheim also utilizes the ancient Dies Irae in the eponymous ballad that runs throughout the score, later heard in a musical inversion, and in the accompaniment to "Epiphany". According to Raymond Knapp "Most scene changes bring back "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd", which includes both fast and slow versions of the "Dies Irae". He also relies heavily on leitmotif - at least twenty distinct ones can be identified throughout the score.

Depending on how and where the show is presented, it is sometimes considered an opera. Sondheim himself has described the piece as a "black operetta", and indeed, only about 20% of the show is spoken; the rest is sung-through.

In his essay for the 2005 cast album, Jeremy Sams finds it most relevant to compare Sondheim's work with operas that similarly explore the psyche of a mad murderer or social outcast, such as Alban Berg's Wozzeck (based on the play by Georg Büchner) and Benjamin Britten's Peter Grimes (1945). On the other hand, it can be seen as a precursor to the later trend of musicals based on horror themes, such as The Phantom of the Opera (1986), Jekyll & Hyde (1997), Little Shop of Horrors (1982) and Dance of the Vampires (1997), which used the description of the trend, "grusical", as its commercial label. Theatre critic and author Martin Gottfried wrote on this subject: "Does so much singing make it an opera? Opera is not just a matter of everything being sung. There is an operatic kind of music, of singing, of staging. There are opera audiences, and there is an opera sensibility. There are opera houses. Sweeney Todd has its occasional operatic moments, but its music overall has the chest notes, the harmonic language, the muscularity, and the edge of Broadway theater."

Donal Henahan wrote an essay in The New York Times concerning the 1984 New York City Opera production: "The difficulty with Sweeney was not that the opera singers were weaklings incapable of filling the State Theater with sound - Miss Elias, who was making her City Opera debut, has sung for many years at the Metropolitan, a far larger house. The other voices in the cast also were known quantities. Rather, it seemed to me that the attempt to actually sing the Sondheim score, which relies heavily on a dramatic parlando or speaking style, mainly showed how far from the operatic vocal tradition the work lies. The score, effective enough in its own way, demanded things of the opera singers that opera singers as a class are reluctant to produce."

Orchestration

The original Broadway pit consisted of a 26 piece orchestra. (The number of percussionists may vary for different shows, though the percussion book is written for two players).

• Strings: 6 Violins, 2 Violas, 2 Celli, 1 Double Bass, 1 Harp
• Brass: 2 Trumpets, 1 French Horn, 2 Trombones, 1 Bass Trombone
• Keyboards: 1 Organ/Celesta
• Woodwinds: Reed 1: Flute, Piccolo.
• Reed 2: Bb and Eb Clarinet, Flute, Piccolo.
• Reed 3: Bass Clarinet, Bb Clarinet.
• Reed 4: Oboe, English Horn.
• Reed 5: Bassoon.
• Percussion: (2 Players) 3 Timpani, Bass Drum, Xylophone, Vibraphone, Snare Drum, Tom Toms, Bass Drum with Pedal, Orchestra Bells, Tam-Tam, Chimes, 4 Suspended Cymbals, Wood Block, Crash Cymbals, Bell Tree, Tambourine, Washtub

An alternate orchestration is available from Music Theatre International for a 9 piece orchestra. It was written by Jonathan Tunick for the 1993 London Production.

• Strings: 1 Violin, 1 Cello, 1 Double Bass
• Brass: 1 Trumpet in Bb, 1 French Horn
• Woodwinds: Reed 1: Clarinet; Reed 2: Bassoon
• Keyboard
• Percussion: Bass Drum, Bell Tree, Bells, Chimes, Crotales, Rachet, Side Drum, Snare Drum, Swiss Bell, Tam-Tam, Tambourine, Temple Blocks, Triangle, Tympani, Vibraphone, Whistle, Wood Block, Xylophone

Original orchestrator Jonathan Tunick revised his large orchestration for the 1993 London revival, adding a dirtier, grittier texture to the score's arrangements.

2012 London Revival: 15 piece orchestra.

• Strings: 2 Violins, 1 Viola, 1 Cello, 1 Double Bass
• Brass: 1 French Horn, 2 Trumpets, 1 Trombone
• Woodwinds:
• Reed 1: Flute, Clarinet.
• Reed 2: Oboe, Cor Anglais.
• Reed 3: Clarinet.
• Reed 4: Bassoon.
• Keyboard
• Percussion

Awards and nominations

Original Broadway production

Year	Award Ceremony	Category	Nominee	Result
1979	Tony Award	Best Musical		Won
		Best Book of a Musical	Hugh Wheeler	Won
		Best Original Score	Stephen Sondheim	Won
		Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical	Len Cariou	Won
		Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical	Angela Lansbury	Won
		Best Direction of a Musical	Harold Prince	Won
		Best Scenic Design	Eugene Lee	Won
		Best Costume Design	Franne Lee	Won
		Best Lighting Design	Ken Billington	Nominated
	Drama Desk Award	Outstanding Musical		Won
		Outstanding Book of a Musical	Hugh Wheeler	Won
		Outstanding Lyrics	Stephen Sondheim	Won
		Outstanding Music		Won
		Outstanding Actor in a Musical	Len Cariou	Won
		Outstanding Actress in a Musical	Angela Lansbury	Won
		Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical	Ken Jennings	Won
		Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical	Merle Louise	Won
		Outstanding Choreography	Larry Fuller	Nominated
		Outstanding Director of a Musical	Harold Prince	Won
		Outstanding Set Design	Eugene Lee	Nominated
		Outstanding Costume Design	Franne Lee	Nominated
		Outstanding Lighting Design	Ken Billington	Nominated

Original London production

Year	Award Ceremony	Category	Nominee	Result
1980	Laurence Olivier Award	Best New Musical		Won
		Best Actor in a Musical	Denis Quilley	Won
		Best Actress in a Musical	Sheila Hancock	Nominated

1989 Broadway revival

Year	Award Ceremony	Category	Nominee	Result
1990	Tony Award	Best Revival of a Musical		Nominated
		Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical	Bob Gunton	Nominated
		Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical	Beth Fowler	Nominated
		Best Direction of a Musical	Susan H. Schulman	Nominated
	Drama Desk Award	Outstanding Revival of a Musical		Nominated
		Outstanding Actor in a Musical	Bob Gunton	Nominated
		Outstanding Actress in a Musical	Beth Fowler	Nominated
		Outstanding Set Design	James Morgan	Nominated
		Outstanding Lighting Design	Mary Jo Dondlinger	Won

1993 London revival

Year	Award Ceremony	Category	Nominee	Result
1994	Laurence Olivier Award	Best Musical Revival		Won
		Best Actor in a Musical	Alun Armstrong	Won
		Best Actress in a Musical	Julia McKenzie	Won
		Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical	Adrian Lester	Nominated
			Barry James	Nominated
		Best Director of a Musical	Declan Donnellan	Won

2003 Ireland production (Amateur)

Year	Award Ceremony	Category	Nominee	Result
2003	AIMS Award	Best Overall Show		Won
		Best Actor	Todd Brothers	Won
		Best Actress	Marie Kelly	Won
		Best Supporting Actor	Chris Ramsey	Won
		Best Supporting Actress	Yvonne Ramsey	Nominated
		Best Director	Pat Dwyer	Won
		Best Music Director	Graham Walsh	Nominated
		Best Chorus		Won

2005 Broadway revival

Year	Award Ceremony	Category	Nominee	Result
2006	Tony Award	Best Revival of a Musical		Nominated
		Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical	Michael Cerveris	Nominated
		Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical	Patti LuPone	Nominated
		Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical	Manoel Felciano	Nominated
		Best Direction of a Musical	John Doyle	Won
		Best Orchestrations	Sarah Travis	Won
	Drama Desk Award	Outstanding Revival of a Musical		Won
		Outstanding Actor in a Musical	Michael Cerveris	Nominated
		Outstanding Actress in a Musical	Patti LuPone	Nominated
		Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical	Alexander Gemignani	Nominated
		Outstanding Orchestrations	Sarah Travis	Won
		Outstanding Director of a Musical	John Doyle	Won
		Outstanding Set Design		Nominated
		Outstanding Lighting Design	Richard G. Jones	Won
		Outstanding Sound Design	Dan Moses Schreier	Nominated

2012 London revival

Year	Award Ceremony	Category	Nominee	Result
2012	Evening Standard Award	Best Musical		Won
2013	Laurence Olivier Award	Best Musical Revival		Won
		Best Actor in a Musical	Michael Ball	Won
		Best Actress in a Musical	Imelda Staunton	Won
		Best Costume Design	Anthony Ward	Nominated
		Best Lighting Design	Mark Henderson	Nominated
		Best Sound Design	Paul Groothuis	Nominated

Recordings and broadcasts

An original Broadway cast recording was released in 1979. It included the Judge's "Johanna" and the tooth-pulling contest from Act I, which had been cut in previews.

A performance of the 1980 touring company was taped before an audience at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles during the first national tour, with additional taping done in an empty theatre. It was televised on September 12, 1982, on The Entertainment Channel and broadcast on PBS. It was later released on both VHS and DVD.

In July 1994, the Royal National Theatre revival production starring Denis Quilley and Julia McKenzie was broadcast by the BBC. Opera North's production was also broadcast by the BBC on March 30, 1998 as was the Royal Opera House production in 2003.

In 1995, the Barcelona cast recorded a cast album sung in Catalan. This production was also broadcast on Spanish television.

The 2000 New York City Concert was recorded and released in a deluxe 2-CD set.

In 2001, the same concert was held in San Francisco with the same leads and minor cast changes. It was also videotaped and broadcast on PBS, and then was released to VHS and DVD in 2001.

The 2005 Broadway revival also was recorded. The producers originally planned only a single-disk "highlights" version; however, they soon realized that they had recorded more music than could fit on one disk and it was not financially feasible to bring the performers back in to re-record. The followings songs were cut: Wigmaker Sequence, The Letter, Parlor Songs, City On Fire, and half of the final sequence (which includes The Judge's Return).

The 2012 London revival was recorded and released on April 2, 2012 in the UK and April 10, 2012 in the US.

External links

• Sweeney Todd the Musical Sweeney Todd the Musical, London's Adelphi Theatre
• Sweeney Todd on the Internet Broadway Database
• Sweeney Todd on The Stephen Sondheim Reference Guide
• Sweeney Todd at Sondheim.com
• Sweeney Todd at the Music Theatre International website
• Sweeney Todd: School Edition at the Music Theatre International website
• Opening Night: 'Sweeney Todd', interviews and footage from the 2005 production (6 minutes, Flash video)
• Sweeney Todd Music Theatre Warwick's 2008 production
• Stephen Sondheim "The Story So Far" podcast series produced by Sony BMG Masterworks
• Ovrtur.com Listing