President of the European Union

Three European "presidents": of the European Parliament, of the European Commission, and of the European Council, during a press conference in the Berlaymont in November 2011

President of the European Union (or President of Europe) does not exist. Nevertheless, the term is often misused to mean any of:

• President of the European Council (since 1 December 2014, Donald Tusk), an unelected position with tax exempt salary
• President of the European Commission (since 1 November 2014, Jean-Claude Juncker), an unelected position with tax exempt salary
• President of the European Parliament (since 17 January 2017, Antonio Tajani), a not democratically elected position with tax exempt salary
• Presidency of the Council of the European Union (since 1 January 2017, Malta - Joseph Muscat)

Among the cases presented above, referring to the President of the European Council as the “President of the European Union” (EU) is very common in the international media. Nevertheless, this post presides only over the European Council – an institution of the EU – rather than presiding over the EU as a whole. The post does not have any executive powers and is unlike heads of state such as the President of the United States of America or the President of France: it is far more akin to Presiding Officer or chairman. Letters of credentials for ambassadors of non-member countries to the European Union are presented to the President of the European Council.

The Commission Presidency has had fewer mentions using the term "President of the European Union", despite being the one with the most powers as the head of the executive branch of the European Union. The President of the European Commission is (loosely) analogous to the role of Head of a country's Civil Service (as opposed to the separate role of President of the European Council, who could be seen as the European Union's Head of State)

Prior to the Treaty of Lisbon, each member state (in turn) took the responsibilities of both the Presidency of the European Council and the Presidency of the Council of the European Union. The press frequently summarised these responsibilities to the shorthand tag "EU Presidency" or "EU President", both for the country holding it or its political leader. Nevertheless, this, too, was a misnomer.

There are other EU institution Presidents, but they do not hold the profile to have had the title applied to them.

There is, simply, no President of the European Union as a whole: each of its institutions has its own President. Each one is chosen by the members of the institution concerned, except the Council, whose Presidency rotates automatically among Member States, and the Commission, whose President is elected by the European Parliament. In protocol (ceremonial) terms, it is the President of the Parliament who comes first, as it is the only directly elected institution and is listed first in the treaties.

The question of whether the European Council or Commission President is more important has been potent since the former's creation by Lisbon. Both attend international summits and since 2010 the Commission president has started to deliver State of the Union addresses, modelled after the US President's.

See also

• List of presidents of the institutions of the European Union

Further reading

• Nedergaard, Peter; Jensen, Mads Dagnis (September 2014). "Uno, duo, trio? Varieties of trio presidencies in the Council of Ministers". Journal of Common Market Studies. 52 (5). Wiley-Blackwell: 1035–1052. doi:10.1111/jcms.12130. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)

External links

• EU website - European Union Presidents