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Boeing 737 MAX groundings

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Boeing 737 MAX groundings
Map of countries and airlines who have grounded the 737 MAX 8.
Legend:
  Grounded by government regulator
  Voluntarily grounded by all operating airlines
DateMarch 11, 2019 (2019-03-11) – ongoing
CauseCrashes of Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 and Lion Air Flight 610

Seventeen months after the Boeing 737 MAX 8 entered service in 2017, Lion Air Flight 610, a relatively new 737 MAX 8 aircraft, crashed minutes after takeoff on October 29 2018, killing 189 passengers and crew. Less than five months later, on March 10 2019, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302, also a 737 MAX 8 aircraft, crashed six minutes after takeoff, killing 157 passengers and crew. A total of 346 people have been killed in both accidents.

In reaction to the news of the Ethiopian Airlines crash, many airlines have grounded their Boeing 737 MAX fleets, either voluntarily or by order of their local aviation regulatory authorities. China was the first country to order all 96 of its Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft grounded, with many other countries quickly following suit[1][2]. The US initially declined to ground the MAX, but finally announced on March 13th that it would do so as well.[3]

While the cause of the Ethiopian Air flight crash has not yet been determined,[4] some aviation experts argue that the aircraft behavior prior to the crash was similar to the Lion Air accident.[5][6]

Timeline and context

Boeing 737 MAX-8
Main articles: Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 and Lion Air Flight 610

On October 29 2018, Lion Air Flight 610, a scheduled domestic flight operated by the Indonesian airline Lion Air from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Jakarta to Depati Amir Airport in Pangkal Pinang, crashed into the Java Sea 12 minutes after takeoff. All 189 passengers and crew were killed in the accident.[7][8][9][10] It became the second deadliest airplane accident in Indonesia, only behind Garuda Indonesia Flight 152.

The preliminary report in the Lion Air investigation tentatively attributed the accident to the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS), a new system installed on the MAX 8 series. The design of the MAX 8 can cause the nose to pitch up higher than usual, which could lead to a stall. The MCAS senses the amount of lift on the aircraft's nose, and automatically adjusts the aircraft's attitude to lower the nose and avoid the stall. There was evidence that the MCAS had faulty sensor data regarding the aircraft's angle of attack.[4]

On March 10 2019, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302, a scheduled international passenger flight operated by Ethiopian Airlines from Addis Ababa in Ethiopia to Jomo Kenyatta International Airport in Nairobi, Kenya, crashed six minutes after takeoff near Bishoftu, killing all 157 passengers and crew aboard the aircraft.[11][12][12][13][14] It is the deadliest aircraft accident to occur in Ethiopia, superseding the crash of an Ethiopian Air Force Antonov An-26 in 1982, which killed 73.

Response

Regulatory response

  • Australia: The Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) announced on the evening of March 12 that all 737 MAX aircraft in Australia or flying to Australia were grounded indefinitely. CASA's Chief Executive and Director of Aviation Shane Carmody announced that "This is a temporary suspension while we wait for more information to review the safety risks of continued operations of the Boeing 737 MAX".[15]
  • Canada: Minister of Transport Marc Garneau said on 13 March 2019, "There can't be any Max 8 or Max 9 flying into, out of or across Canada", effectively grounding all Boeing 737 MAX planes in Canadian airspace.[16] He had originally said it was premature to consider groundings and that, "If I had to fly somewhere on that type of aircraft today, I would."[17] However, the department received new information, prompting Garneau to change his mind and ordering the grounding.[18]
  • China: The Civil Aviation Administration of China was the first aviation authority in the world to take actions and order all domestic airlines to suspend operations of all 737 MAX 8 aircraft operated by Chinese carriers pending the results of the investigation, grounding 96 aircraft,[19][20] citing "zero tolerance for safety hazards".[21]
  • Egypt: The Egyptian Ministry of Civil Aviation barred the passage, takeoff and landing of Boeing 737 MAX aircraft on March 13, 2019.[22]
  • European Union: The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) released a directive on March 12 "suspending all flight operations of all Boeing Model 737-8 MAX and 737-9 MAX aeroplanes in the EU. In addition EASA has published a Safety Directive, effective as of 19:00 UTC, suspending all commercial flights performed by third-country operators into, within or out of the EU of the above mentioned models"[23]
  • India: Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) released a statement "DGCA has taken the decision to ground the Boeing 737-MAX planes immediately. These planes will be grounded till appropriate modifications and safety measures are undertaken to ensure their safe operations"[24]
  • Indonesia: the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation issued a temporary suspension on the operation of every Boeing 737 MAX 8 in Indonesia, 11 in all. A nationwide inspection on the type is expected to take place on March 12[25] to "ensure that aircraft operating in Indonesia are in an airworthy condition."[21]
  • Malaysia: The Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia announced that they have suspended all Boeing 737 MAX flying operations from and to Malaysia, including transitting flights.[26]
  • Mongolia: Civil Aviation Authority of Mongolia (MCAA) said in a statement "MCAA has temporarily stopped the Boeing 737 Max flight operated by MIAT Mongolian Airlines from March 11 2019."[27][citation needed]
  • Singapore: the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore, "The Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) is temporarily suspending operation of all variants of the Boeing 737 MAX aircraft into and out of Singapore in light of two fatal accidents involving Boeing 737 MAX aircraft in less than five months.[28]
  • Turkey: Turkish Civil Aviation Authority suspended flights of Boeing 737 MAX 8 and/or 9 type aircraft being operated by Turkish companies in Turkey, and stated that they are also reviewing the possibility of closing the country's airspace for the same.[29]
  • UAE: General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA) issued a Safety Decision banning the operation of all Boeing 737 MAX models in the UAE airspace with effect from March 13 2019, 00:01 UTC Time until further notice.[30]
  • United States: President Donald Trump announced on March 13 2019 U.S. authorities would grounding all Boeing 737 MAX 8 and 9 planes in the U.S.[31][32] The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) had said they will assist the Ethiopian authorities investigating the crash prior to the USA grounding of the aircraft.[21][33]
  • United Kingdom: the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) banned Boeing 737 MAX aircraft from operating in UK's airspace as "a precautionary measure".[34] It had initially said in a statement "There are currently five Boeing 737 Max 8 aircraft registered and operational in the United Kingdom," "The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is responsible for certifying all Boeing 737 Max 8 models and it is the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) that validates this certification across the EU, including the UK," and that "the CAA is working closely with the EASA".[21]
  • Vietnam: Civil Aviation Administration of Vietnam banned Boeing 737 MAX 8 flights in its airspace from 10 a.m. (local time) March 13, 2019, until further notice.[35]

Groundings

Countries

As a result of the Flight 302 accident, aviation authorities and airlines began grounding the Boeing 737 MAX due to safety concerns.[36] By authorities (sorted by country):

Country/Region Date Comments
 Australia March 12 The Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority grounded all 737 MAX aircraft in the country.[37]
 Belgium March 12 Belgium banned all 737 MAX 8 aircraft from its airspace.[38] (Also banned via the European Union)
 Bermuda March 12 Bermuda's Civil Aviation Authority banned the 737-8 MAX and 737-9 MAX from operating within Bermuda airspace.[39]
 Canada March 13 Canada banned all 737 MAX 8/9 aircraft from its airspace.[40]
 China March 11 The Civil Aviation Administration of China ordered all domestic airlines to suspend operations of all 737 MAX aircraft operated by Chinese carriers, pending the results of the investigation.[19][20] This suspensions covers Chinese regulated airlines.[41]
 Egypt March 13 The Egyptian Ministry of Civil Aviation barred the passage, takeoff and landing of the Boeing 737 MAX aircraft series.[42]
 European Union & EFTA March 12 The European Aviation Safety Agency banned all 737 MAX aircraft models from its airspace starting at 19:00 UTC that day.[43][44][45] The ban also applies in EFTA countries that are members of EASA, i.e. Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, and Iceland.
 France March 12 France's Directorate General for Civil Aviation issued a ban on 737 MAX models.[46] (Also banned via the European Union)
 Germany March 12 Germany's Minister of Transportation, Andreas Scheuer, issued a ban on 737 MAX aircraft in German airspace.[47] (Also banned via the European Union)
 Hong Kong March 13 Hong Kong's Civil Aviation Department issued a ban on Boeing 737 MAX models in its airspace starting from 18:00 local time.[48]
 Indonesia March 11 The Indonesian Ministry of Transportation issued a temporary suspension on the operation of all 11 Boeing 737 MAX 8 in Indonesia. A nationwide inspection on the type is expected to take place on March 12.[25]
 Ireland March 12 The Irish Aviation Authority banned 737 MAX aircraft from Irish airspace.[49] (Also banned via the European Union)
 Italy March 12 The Italian Civil Aviation Authority issued a ban on 737 MAX aircraft arriving or departing starting at 21:00 local time.[44] (Also banned via the European Union)
 India March 13 The Ministry of Civil Aviation of India banned all 737 MAX aircraft from departing and arriving starting at 16:00 local time. [50]
 Kazakhstan March 13 Kazakhstan"s civil aviation committee suspended Boeing 737 Max flights[51]
 Kosovo March 13 The Civil Aviation Authority said the decision was taken because of “the investigation of the equipment” of the planes. [52]
 Kuwait March 13 The Kuwait Civil Aviation Authority banned all 737 MAX out of their airspace.[53]
 Lebanon March 13 The Lebanese Civil Aviation Authority banned all 737 MAX from landing in Beirut and from flying through Lebanese airspace.[54]
 Macau March 13 Macau's Civil Aviation Authority suspended the flight applications of Boeing 737 MAX 8 and MAX 9.[55]
 Netherlands March 12 Netherland's Minister of Infrastructure and Water Management, Cora van Nieuwenhuizen, issued a ban on 737 MAX aircraft in Dutch airspace.[56][45] (Also banned via the European Union)
 New Zealand March 13 New Zealand's Civil Aviation Authority banned all 737 MAX aircraft from New Zealand air space.[57]
 Nigeria March 13 Nigeria announced they were suspending all flight for the affected aircraft. [1][2]
 Oman March 12 The Public Authority for Civil Aviation of Oman suspended operations of 737 MAX aircraft into and out of all Omani airports until further notice.[58]
 Poland March 12 The Civil Aviation Authority of Poland issued a ban on 737 MAX aircraft in Polish airspace.[59] (Also banned via the European Union)
 South Korea March 12 Eastar Jet suspended operations of its two 737 MAX in service until the planes are cleared by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.[60]
 Thailand March 13 The Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand issued a temporary suspension on the three Thai Lion Air 737 MAX aircraft until further notice.[61]
 Ukraine March 13 The State Aviation Administration of Ukraine banned all flights using Boeing 737-8 MAX and 737-9 MAX planes "inside, from and over the territory of Ukraine from the date and time this decision was taken.”[62]
 United Kingdom March 12 The Civil Aviation Authority of the United Kingdom issued a ban on the 737 MAX aircraft in UK airspace.[63][64] (Also banned via the European Union)
 United States March 13 President Donald Trump announced the FAA would be grounding all 737 MAX 8 and 9 airplanes in U.S. airspace.[32] Shortly afterwards the FAA released a statement to that effect [65]
 Vietnam March 12 The Civil Aviation Administration of Vietnam issued a ban on 737 MAX aircraft in Vietnamese airspace.[66]

Airlines

  • On March 11, in Argentina, in the wake of pressure from a pilots' union, Aerolíneas Argentinas on March 11 grounded its fleet of five 737 MAX 8 for 72 hours.[67] It had earlier indicated that it would continue to use the type and had formed a working group to review further developments.[68]
  • On March 11, Brazil's Gol grounded its 737 MAX 8 fleet.[69][70]
  • A similar response was enacted by Cayman Airways, which suspended operation of its two 737 MAX aircraft until further notice on March 11.[71]
  • Ethiopian Airlines, which operates four other Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft aside from the downed aircraft, announced that it had grounded its remaining 737 MAX fleet with immediate effect.[72] On March 13, Ethiopian Airlines' CEO Tewolde Gebremariam called for a grounding of all 737 MAX aircraft worldwide.[73]
  • On March 11, Mongolia's MIAT Mongolian Airlines grounded its one operating 737 MAX 8.[74]
  • On March 11, Morocco's Royal Air Maroc voluntarily grounded its 737 MAXs.[75]
  • On March 11, South Africa's Comair grounded the only 737 MAX 8 in its fleet.[76]
  • On March 12, Flydubai, which operates MAX 8 and Max 9 in its fleet, grounded its fleet to comply with the orders by the GCAA.[77]
  • On March 12, Icelandair grounded all three of its Boeing 737 MAX 8 jets out of its fleet of 33 following the UK's CAA and Norwegian Air [78]
  • On March 12, India"s Jet Airways announced that they have grounded their 5 Boeing 737 MAX aircraft as of March 12 2019. The airline stated that they are in contact with Boeing.[79]
  • On March 12, Aeroméxico has announced that they will be grounding their 737 MAX aircraft as of March 11, 2019. “For Aeromexico, the security of its operations and the peace of the customers are the most important. The flights operated with these aircrafts will be covered with the rest of the fleet.”[80]
  • On March 12, LOT Polish Airlines grounded all five of its Boeing 737 MAX 8 jets.[81]
  • On March 12, Norwegian Air temporarily grounded its Boeing 737 MAX 8 passenger jets, at the advice of European regulators, until further notice.[82]
  • On March 12, Russian S7 Airlines grounded 2 Boeing 737 MAX in its fleet.[83]
  • On March 12, TUI Netherlands and Belgium ground every 737 MAX 8 in its fleet.[56]
  • On March 12, Turkish Airlines grounded all 12 of its Boeing 737 MAX aircraft until further notice.[29]
  • On March 13, Canada's Sunwing Airlines grounded every 737 MAX 8 in its fleet.[84]
  • On March 13, India's SpiceJet suspends its Boeing 737 MAX 8 operations following the DGCA's decisions to ground the aircraft type in India.[85]
  • On March 13, Mauritania Airlines grounded their single Boeing 737 8 Max. [3]
  • On March 13, shortly after Donald Trump had announced that the FAA would be grounding the plane in the U.S., Panama's Copa Airlines [86] grounded their five airplanes of the type. This made Panama's aviation regulator and government the last nation with an airline still officially flying the airplane.
Airline Date Fleet size
Aerolíneas Argentinas March 11 5
TUI Airways March 12 6
Flydubai March 12 8
Gol Transportes Aéreos March 11 7
Cayman Airways March 11 2
COPA Airlines March 13 5
Ethiopian Airlines March 11 4
Fiji Airways March 12 2
China Southern Airlines March 11 22
Oman Air March 12 5
Icelandair March 12 3
Smartwings March 12 7
Air Italy March 12 3
Jet Airways March 12 9
Aeroméxico March 12 6
LOT Polish Airlines March 12 5
MIAT Mongolian Airlines March 11 1
Royal Air Maroc March 11 2
Norwegian Air March 12 18
Lucky Air March 11 3
9 Air March 12 1
Comair March 11 1
TUI fly Belgium March 12 4
TUI fly Netherlands March 12 3
Turkish Airlines March 12 11
S7 Airlines March 12 2
Corendon Airlines March 12 1
Lion Air March 11 10
Garuda Indonesia March 11 1
Shenzhen Airlines March 11 6
China Eastern Airlines March 11 4
Mauritania Airlines March 12 1
Air China March 11 15
Okay Airways March 11 2
Kunming Airlines March 11 2
Hainan Airlines March 11 11
Eastar Jet March 11 2
XiamenAir March 11 10
Shanghai Airlines March 11 11
Enter Air March 12 2
Fuzhou Airlines March 11 2
SCAT Airlines March 13 1
Shandong Airlines March 11 7
SilkAir March 12 6
SpiceJet March 13 13
Sunwing Airlines March 12 4
Thai Lion Air March 13 3
Air Canada March 13 24
WestJet March 13 13
United Airlines March 13 14
Southwest Airlines March 13 34
American Airlines March 13 24
Total 368

Demands for compensation

On March 13, Norwegian Air became the first airline publicly demanding compensation from Boeing for the costs of the groundings of the 737 MAX. CEO Bjørn Kjos said "It is quite obvious we will not take the cost related to the new aircraft that we have to park temporarily, we will send this bill to those who produce this aircraft."[87]

Manufacturer's response

Boeing Commercial Airplanes, the manufacturer of the 737 MAX, released the following statement: "Boeing is deeply saddened to learn of the passing of the passengers and crew on Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302, a 737 MAX 8 airplane. We extend our heartfelt sympathies to the families and loved ones of the passengers and crew on board and stand ready to support the Ethiopian Airlines team. A Boeing technical team will be traveling to the crash site to provide technical assistance under the direction of the Ethiopia Accident Investigation Bureau and U.S. National Transportation Safety Board."[88]

In a later response to the grounding of the aircraft, a spokesperson for Boeing released the following statement: "We have engaged our customers and regulators on concerns they may have – and would refer you to them to discuss their operations and decisions. Safety is our number one priority and we are taking every measure to fully understand all aspects of this accident, working closely with the investigating team and all regulatory authorities involved. The investigation is in its early stages, but at this point, based on the information available, we do not have any basis to issue new guidance to operators."[89]

On March 11, Boeing announced that it had been working on a flight control software upgrade to the MCAS flight control law, pilot displays, operation manuals and crew training. The upgrade, which Boeing said was partly in response to the Lion Air crash but not linked to the Ethiopian Airlines crash, will be deployed in the coming weeks and is expected to be made mandatory by an FAA Airworthiness Directive.[90]

On March 13, in response of the FAA grounding the MAX aircraft, Boeing released the following statement: "Boeing continues to have full confidence in the safety of the 737 MAX.  However, after consultation with the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), and aviation authorities and its customers around the world, Boeing has determined -- out of an abundance of caution and in order to reassure the flying public of the aircraft’s safety -- to recommend to the FAA the temporary suspension of operations of the entire global fleet of 371 737 MAX aircraft."[91]

Political response

On March 12, President Donald Trump spoke to Boeing CEO Dennis Muilenburg and received assurances that the aircraft was safe. Trump later tweeted, "Airplanes are becoming far too complex to fly. Pilots are no longer needed, but rather computer scientists from MIT. I see it all the time in many products. Always seeking to go one unnecessary step further, when often old and simpler is far better."[92] On March 13, however, he announced that the FAA will ground all Boeing 737 Max aircraft.[3]

U.S. Senators Elizabeth Warren, Mitt Romney, Dianne Feinstein and Richard Blumenthal called for the FAA to temporarily ground all 737 MAX 8 jets.[93][94] Elizabeth Warren accused the Trump administration of protecting Boeing, saying: "The Boeing 737 MAX 8 is a major driver of Boeing profits. In the coming weeks and months, Congress should hold hearings on whether an administration that famously refused to stand up to Saudi Arabia to protect Boeing arms sales has once again put lives at risk for the same reason."[95]

U.S. Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao, who has the authority to suspend the 737 Max 8, said that "If the FAA identifies an issue that affects safety, the department will take immediate and appropriate action."[94] On March 12, Chao with her staff flew on a Southwest Airlines 737 Max 8 from Austin to Washington, D.C., in an apparent act of support of the Boeing Company.[96]

Canadian Transport Minister Marc Garneau said he would board 737 MAX 8 "without hesitation".[97] On March 12, Garneau said that the Trudeau's government has no plans to ground Boeing 737 MAX 8.[98] The Canadian Union of Public Employees called on Air Canada "to at a minimum continue to offer reassignment to crew members who do not want to fly on this type of airplane. The safety of passengers and crews must be the absolute priority."[98] However, on March 13, Garneau reversed his decision, and Canada banned all 737 MAX 8/9 aircraft from its airspace.[40]

See also

References

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  87. ^ Business, Chris Isidore, CNN. "Norwegian Air demands Boeing compensate it for grounded 737 Max planes". CNN. Retrieved March 13, 2019. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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