List of Scientologists: Difference between revisions

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* [http://www.truthaboutscientology.com/stats/by-name/ Truth About Scientology] Database of people who tried Scientology, from church publications
* [http://www.truthaboutscientology.com/stats/by-name/ Truth About Scientology] Database of people who tried Scientology, from church publications
* [http://www.xenu.net/archive/COS_members.html "How many Scientologists are there?"], ''[[Operation Clambake]]''
* [http://www.xenu.net/archive/COS_members.html "How many Scientologists are there?"], ''[[Operation Clambake]]''
* [http://home.snafu.de/tilman/faq-you/celeb.txt Scientology celebrities FAQ], ''[[alt.religion.scientology]]'', maintained by [[Tilman Hausherr]]


{{Scientology}}
{{Scientology}}

Revision as of 03:03, 16 June 2010

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

A Scientologist is a follower of the doctrines and beliefs of Scientology.[1] The following is an incomplete list of notable past and present Scientologists.

Definition

A Scientologist is a follower of the doctrines and beliefs of Scientology.[1] Eileen Barker writes in New Religious Movements: Challenge and Response, "the Church of Scientology considers all those who have ever done one of their courses to be a Scientologist".[2] Authors W. W. Zellner, Marc Petrowsky note in the book Sects, Cults, and Spiritual Communities: A Sociological Analysis, "Those who pay for courses are called ordinary members."[3] Writing in the 2009 book Scientology, contributor Douglas E. Cowan comments on the membership statistics put forth by the Church of Scientology: "How, though, is the concept of membership constructed in Scientology, and how is it deployed as a mechanism of legitimation? Beyond those who are active Scientologists, for example, if membership is construed as comprising every person who has ever signed up for an introductory course in auditing, attended a film presentation or lecture at an org (and left some record of their attendance), purchased Scientological materials, or taken the Oxford Capacity Analysis™ test online, then perhaps ten million is not unreasonable. It is well established in the social scientific literature that religious movements of all types—both established and new—regularly inflate membership and attendance figures, sometimes by an order of magnitude or more. That said, if few of these alleged ten million pursue their Scientological involvement no further than an initial contact, it poses the question of how devout Scientologists, in the Church hierarchy, but especially in the rank-and-file, resolve the contradiction on an ongoing basis."[4]

Scientology president Heber Jentzsch stated in a videotaped deposition that membership statistics for the organization are based on the sum of all individuals that have ever taken any Scientology course since the organization's foundation in 1954.[5] In a 1992 appearance on the ABC News program Nightline, Jentzsch admitted that anyone who took one course was considered a member of Scientology, "Because they joined and they came in and they studied Scientology."[6] Olav Hammer and James R. Lewis note in their book The Invention of Sacred Tradition, "the shared veneration of Hubbard becomes an integrated part of what it means to be a Scientologist".[7]

Officials

Image Name Lifetime Notes
John Carmichael
John Carmichael
 John Carmichael 1947– President of the Church of Scientology in New York.[8] He became an ordained minister with the Church of Scientology in 1973,[9] and has served as President of the Church of Scientology in New York since 1987.[10]
Tommy Davis
Tommy Davis
 Tommy Davis 1972– Spokesman and director of Celebrity Centre International, Los Angeles.[11][12][13][14]
David Gaiman 1933–2009 Former Scientology spokesman,[15] public relations director of Scientology in England.[16] Father of fantasy author, Neil Gaiman.[17]
Leisa Goodman Human Rights Director, Church of Scientology International.[18]
L. Ron Hubbard
L. Ron Hubbard
 L. Ron Hubbard 1911–1986 Founder of Scientology.[19]
Mary Sue Hubbard
Mary Sue Hubbard
 Mary Sue Hubbard 1931–2002 Wife of L. Ron Hubbard, Head of the Guardian's Office—former legal and public affairs branch of Scientology.[20]
Heber Jentzsch 1935– President, Church of Scientology International.[21]
David Miscavige 1960– Chairman of the board, Religious Technology Center.[20]
Kendrick Moxon
Kendrick Moxon
 Kendrick Moxon Prominent Scientology attorney,[22] previously member of Scientology division the Guardian's Office.[23][24]
Karin Pouw Spokeswoman,[25] director of public affairs for Church of Scientology International,[26] and member of Office of Special Affairs (OSA).[27]
Michelle Stith President of Church of Scientology of Los Angeles branch.[28]
Kurt Weiland Director of external affairs, Office of Special Affairs,[11] and director, Church of Scientology International.[29]
Former officials
Image Name Lifetime Notes
Gerry Armstrong
Gerry Armstrong
 Gerry Armstrong Former member of Scientology's Sea Org, whose members "occupy the most essential and trusted positions in the senior churches in the Scientology hierarchy";[30] went on to become an outspoken critic of Scientology.[31]
Mark Rathbun
Mark Rathbun
 Mark Rathbun Former president[20][32] of the Religious Technology Center;[33] later left the Church of Scientology and took part in a St. Petersburg Times exposé on the Church; today practices Scientology outside of the Church,[34] operating a website that "has become an online community for what he calls 'independent Scientologists'."[35]
Mike Rinder
Mike Rinder
 Mike Rinder 1956– Former executive director of Office of Special Affairs International (OSA).[36]
Aaron Saxton
Aaron Saxton
 Aaron Saxton 1974– Former member of the Commodore's Messenger Organization,[37] and senior official within the Sea Org;[38][39][40] later a prominent whistleblower whose exposés prompted debates in the Australian Senate.[38][39]

List of members

Name Lifetime Notes
Kirstie Alley 1951– Actress.[12][41][42][43][44][45]
Anne Archer 1947– Actress (mother of Scientology spokesperson Tommy Davis).[12][41][44][46]
Jennifer Aspen 1973– Actress.[47][48]
James Stacy Barbour 1966– Broadway actor.[49][50]
Lynsey Bartilson 1983– Actress.[47]
Beck Hansen 1970– Musician.[12][41][42][44][51][52][53]
Catherine Bell 1968– Actress.[47][54][55][56]
Karen Black 1939– Actress.[57][58][59][60]
Sonny Bono 1935–1998 Entertainer and congressman (R-CA 44th).[61][62] Characterized by The Guardian in a 2006 article as being among "Listed Scientologists".[63] Identified among "notable Scientologists" in the 2007 edition of the book Extraordinary Groups: An Examination of Unconventional Lifestyles by authors William W. Zellner and Richard T. Schaefer.[64]
Nancy Cartwright 1957– Voice-over actress.[51][52][62][60]
Kate Ceberano 1966– Actress and musician.[65][66][67][46] Ceberano is a third-generation-Scientologist; her grandmother worked as a governess for the children of Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard.[65]
Erika Christensen 1982– Actress, raised Scientologist.[12][43][44][47]
Jeff Conaway 1950– Actor.[68] [69][70][71]
Chick Corea 1941– Musician.[12][42][44][46]
Tom Cruise 1962– Actor[42][44][46][67]
Tom Constanten 1944– Former keyboardist for the Grateful Dead.[72][73][74]
Sky Dayton 1971– Founder of EarthLink.[75][76]
Doug Dohring Ex-owner of Neopets.[77]
Jason Dohring 1982– Actor, raised Scientologist.[78]
Bodhi Elfman 1969– Actor.[79][80][81][82]
Jenna Elfman 1971– Actress.[12][42][43][44]
Richard Elfman Writer and director.[75]
Doug E. Fresh 1966– Musician and actor.[12][41][51][52]
Peaches Geldof 1989– Celebutante.[83][84][85]
Kenton Gray Car and motorcycle race driver.[86]
Josephus A. Havenith –1980 Scientologist whose controversial death occurred at the Fort Harrison Hotel.[87][88]
Isaac Hayes 1942–2008 Musician and actor.[44][51]
Katie Holmes 1978– Actress (raised Catholic), introduced to Scientology by Tom Cruise while they were dating.[41][65][89]
Nicky Hopkins 1944–1994 Musician.[42][90]
Mark Isham 1951– Musician and film music composer.[91]
Kimberley Kates Actress.[91]
Milton Katselas 1933–2008 Acting teacher.[44][92]
Chaka Khan 1953– Singer.[41][51][52][57][65] Chaka Khan performed at the 37th anniversary gala of the Church of Scientology's Celebrity Centre in Hollywood, in August 2006.[93] Characterized by The Guardian in a 2006 article among "Listed Scientologists";[63] another 2006 article in The Guardian named Chaka Khan among "followers" of Scientology.[52] Listed among "A list" members of Scientology in a 2006 article in The Boston Globe.[57] Identified among "notable Scientologists" in the 2007 edition of the book Extraordinary Groups: An Examination of Unconventional Lifestyles by authors William W. Zellner and Richard T. Schaefer.[64] Listed by The Times in a 2007 article as being among "Celebrity followers of Scientology".[94]

In a 2007 New York Times interview, she denied being a Scientologist, stating, "I’m not, never was, never will be [a Scientologist]. I belong to the religion of the Church of Chaka Khan, and I practice it every day ... But I've taken some courses in Scientology, and they've been very, very helpful through life's ups and downs".[95] The Daily Telegraph similarly reported in 2007 that "she mentions Scientology, but denies being a Scientologist".[96] The Globe and Mail listed Chaka Khan among members of the Church of Scientology, in a 2009 article.[41] Placed among "famous Scientologists" in a 2009 article in the St. Petersburg Times.[97]

Jason Lee 1970– Actor.[12][42][47][53][98]
Geoffrey Lewis 1935– Actor.[12][99][100]
Juliette Lewis 1973– Actress.[12][42][44][99]
Noah Lottick 1966–1990 Scientologist whose suicide was the focus of the Time magazine article "The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power".[101][102][103][104][105][106]
Christopher Masterson 1980– Actor.[41][107]
Danny Masterson 1976– Actor.[41][43]
Lisa McPherson 1959–1995 American woman whose death has been a source of controversy for Scientology.[108][109]
Jim Meskimen 1959– Actor and improviser.[110]
Stacy Meyer 1979–2000 Scientologist whose accidental death caused an investigation by the California Occupational Safety and Health Administration into the training and safety of workers in Scientology's Gold Base.[111][112][113] [114] [115][116]
Julia Migenes 1949– Opera singer.[117]
Sofia Milos 1965– Actress.[47][118][119]
Elisabeth Moss 1982– Actress.[12][120] Placed among "famous Scientologists" in a 2009 article in the St. Petersburg Times.[97]
Haywood Nelson 1960– Actor.[121]
Marisol Nichols 1973– Actress.[47][46]
Judy Norton Taylor 1958– Actress.[91][122]
Eduardo Palomo 1962–2003 Actor.[123][124]
Michael Peña 1976– Actor.[11]
Elli Perkins 1949–2003 Scientologist businesswoman[125] who was murdered by her son who suffered from mental illness.[126][127][128][129]
Heribert Pfaff –1988 Scientologist who died of a seizure after he quit his medication.[87] [88][130]
Bijou Phillips 1980– Actress and model.[131]
Stephen Poludniak Convicted felon.[132][133][134]
Laura Prepon 1980– Actress.[75]
Priscilla Presley 1945– Actress.[12][57][135]
Lisa Marie Presley 1968– Singer.[12][42][57]
Kelly Preston 1962– Actress and wife of John Travolta.[41][43][136]
Lee Purcell 1947– Actress.[91]
Leah Remini 1970– Actress.[12][43]
Giovanni Ribisi 1974– Actor.[12][41][42][53]
Marissa Ribisi 1974– Actress raised Scientologist.[41][53]
Michael D. Roberts 1947– Actor.[91]
Ruddy Rodríguez 1967– Actress.[137][138]
Pablo Santos 1987–2006 Actor.[139]
Billy Sheehan 1953– Rock bassist.[117]
David Singer Chiropractor, Management by Statistics consultant.[140]
Reed Slatkin 1949– Criminal Ponzi scheme perpetrator.[141]
Michelle Stafford 1965– Actress.[47]
Ethan Suplee 1976– Actor.[47][98]
John Travolta 1954– Actor.[43][44]
Greta Van Susteren 1954– Television show host.[12][41][43][53][54] Listed among "A list" members of Scientology in a 2006 article in The Boston Globe.[57] Identified among "notable Scientologists" in the 2007 edition of the book Extraordinary Groups: An Examination of Unconventional Lifestyles by authors William W. Zellner and Richard T. Schaefer.[64] Placed among "famous Scientologists" in a 2009 article in the St. Petersburg Times.[97] Her husband, a lawyer, is a fellow practitioner of Scientology.[53] She told People magazine, "I am a strong advocate of their ethics."[53]
Michael, Kathryn, and Sue Walicki 2007– Scientology family who was attacked by their mentally ill daughter/sister after a lapse in medication.[142][142][143]
Elizabeth Eagleton Weigand Convicted felon.[132][133]
Edgar Winter 1946– Musician.[108]

Former members

Name Lifetime Notes
Larry Anderson 1952– Actor, star of Orientation: A Scientology Information Film, left the organization in 2009 and requested his money back.[144]
Jason Beghe 1960– Actor, rose to Operating Thetan level OT V within the organization, left Scientology and subsequently spoke out publicly against the organization in 2008.[145][146]
Kate Bornstein 1948– Transgender author, playwright, performance artist and gender theorist, was a spokesperson for Scientology.[147]
Stephen Boyd 1931–1977 Actor, rose to Grade IV within the organization, utilized Scientology techniques while filming a movie in Louisiana.[148]
John Brodie 1935– American football player.[45][149] Credited Dianetics with his recovery from a sports injury; left after some of his friends "were expelled and harassed during a power struggle with church management."[45]
William S. Burroughs 1914–1997 Burroughs was an author and poet. He wrote the book, Ali's Smile: Naked Scientology.[41][63][150]
Diana Canova 1953– Actress.[151]
Tory Christman 1947– Whistleblower, and critic of the Scientology organization.[152]
Leonard Cohen 1934– Singer.[61][65] The New Zealand publication The Press noted that Cohen was engaged enthusiastically in Scientology during 1968;[153] the authors of The Complete Guide to the Music of Leonard Cohen note that Cohen was "briefly" involved in the movement during this period.[154] George Malko wrote in his 1970 book Scientology: The Now Religion that Cohen was involved in the movement.[148] In his biography of Cohen, Various Positions: A Life of Leonard Cohen, author Ira B. Nadel noted that the musician was drawn to Scientology as a way to deal with his depression.[155] The Complete Guide to the Music of Leonard Cohen comments that Cohen's question, "Did you ever go clear?", in the song "Famous Blue Raincoat", is a reference to the Scientology state of "Clear".[154] A 1997 article in The Daily Telegraph characterized Cohen as "a former Scientologist".[156] In a 2004 article, the National Post noted that there was a period of time where "Scientologists claimed him as their own."[157] In 2006, The Guardian placed Cohen among "Listed Scientologists", with the notation, "(reformed)".[63] The Guardian noted that Cohen explored Scientology during the 1990s.[52] In 2009, the St. Petersburg Times identified Cohen among "Former Scientologists".[12] A 2009 article in The Globe and Mail listed Cohen among "Ex-Members" of Scientology.[41]
Robert DeGrimston 1935– With wife, Marry Anne DeGrimston, founder of The Process Church of The Final Judgment.[158][159]
Werner Erhard 1935– Founder of Erhard Seminars Training, he was a student of Scientology during the 1960s.[160] He began receiving Scientology auditing in 1968.[161] Regarding his experiences in Scientology, Erhard told his biographer William Warren Bartley, "With Scientology, I was able to characterize the Mind more accurately, and to cease justifying it. This greatly clarified what I was doing. ... After my experience with Scientology, I saw what it means to see the Mind as a machine. I can now operate my Mind accordingly, with exactitude. I can do the familiar mind over matter experiments—the control of pain and bleeding, telepathy, those things."[162] When Erhard was sent a letter in August 1969 by Scientology saying he had reached the level of "Grade II" within the organization, he sent a letter back saying he had reached "Grade IV".[163] Erhard stated, "I have a lot of respect for L. Ron Hubbard and I consider him to be a genius and perhaps less acknowledged than he ought to be."[161] He has acknowledged that est and The Forum utilize jargon partially obtained from Scientology terminology.[161] Erhard hired two Scientologists and tasked them with modifying Scientology techniques for use in his Erhard Seminars Training organization.[164] Erhard is characterized as an "ex-Scientologist" or "former Scientologist", in publications including: The Miami Herald,[165] Ottawa Citizen,[166] Chatelaine magazine,[167] The Daily Telegraph,[168] The Guardian,[169] Mass Control,[170] the Herald Sun,[171] and the academic journal Sociology of Religion.[172]
Neil Gaiman 1960– Fantasy author; his father, David Gaiman,[17] worked in public relations for Scientology.[173] As a child, Neil Gaiman self-identified as a "Jewish Scientologist".[173] His two younger sisters were active in Scientology as of 2010.[173] Gaiman met his wife, Mary McGrath, while she was engaging in Scientology study in East Grinstead.[173] In a 2010 interview with The New Yorker, he stated he is not a Scientologist.[173]
Philip Gale 1978–1998 Massachusetts Institute of Technology student and primary developer of EarthLink's innovative ISP software; committed suicide.[174]
Gloria Gaynor 1949– Singer.[63] Characterized by The Guardian in a 2006 article among "Listed Scientologists", with the notation "(reformed)".[63]
Paul Haggis 1953– Film director, Academy Award winner.[175]
Robert Hunter 1941– Lyricist.[176]
Al Jarreau 1940– Singer.[57] Listed among "A list" members of Scientology, in a 2006 article in The Boston Globe.[57]
Nicole Kidman 1967– Actress and former wife of Scientologist Tom Cruise.[12][41][57][61] Listed by The Globe and Mail among "ex-members" of the Church of Scientology, in a 2009 article.[41]
Charles Manson 1934– Identified as a Scientologist during time in prison.[61][65][63][158][177] Manson studied Scientology while incarcerated.[178] He incorporated Scientology doctrines in his teachings.[158] He ordered Manson Family member, Bruce Davis, to journey to the United Kingdom and work for the Scientology organization in London.[179] Characterized by The Guardian in a 2006 article among "Listed Scientologists", with the notation "(reformed)".[63]
Demi Moore 1962– Actress.[12][41][61][65] Listed by The Globe and Mail among "ex-members" of the Church of Scientology, in a 2009 article.[41]
Van Morrison 1945– Van Morrison is a former Scientologist;[12][41][63] during the 1980s he dedicated an album to the organization's founder L. Ron Hubbard.[180] Van Morrison was recruited into Scientology by Scientologist and musician Nicky Hopkins.[11] Friends of Van Morrison's within his musical circle who were also into Scientology included Mark Isham and Robin Williamson.[181] Van Morrison's album Beautiful Vision was influenced by Scientology,[182] and his next album, Inarticulate Speech of the Heart, (1983) included a "special thanks" credit given to L. Ron Hubbard.[183][182] After Scientology, Van Morrison moved on to "a broadly Christian faith".[184] He titled his 1986 album No Guru No Method as an attempt to distance himself from Scientology.[185][186] In a review of Van Morrison's musical work in The Times, journalist Pete Paphides described No Guru, No Method, No Teacher as "the 1986 album that found Morrison adrift from God, wounded by his dalliance with Scientology, wrestling the mother of spiritual hangovers and deciding that only the compass of memory could help a lost soul to redemption".[187] Van Morrison's exploration of spirituality, including Jehovah's Witness, Christianity, mysticism, and Scientology, served as an influence for his works including Astral Weeks, "Kingdom Hall", Enlightenment and "Whenever God Shines His Light".[188] In 1991, Van Morrison explained this period of spirituality and self-reflection, commenting: "I'm into all of it, orthodox or otherwise. I don't accept or reject any of it. I'm not searching for anything in particular, I'm just groping in the dark for a bit more light."[183] In 1995, when asked by the University of Ulster to list his favorite philosophers, Van Morrison included Aristotle, Socrates, Sartre, and Steiner—as well as L. Ron Hubbard.[189] Characterized by The Guardian in a 2006 article among "Listed Scientologists", with the notation "(reformed)".[63] In 2009, the Pulitzer Prize–winning newspaper St. Petersburg Times listed Van Morrison among "Former Scientologists".[12] Listed by The Globe and Mail among "ex-members" of the Church of Scientology, in a 2009 article.[41]
Vince Offer 1964– Film director of The Underground Comedy Movie and spokesman for Shamwow!.[190]
James Packer 1967– Australian business mogul.[191]
Dini Petty 1945– Canadian television and radio host.[12][41][192] Listed by The Globe and Mail among "ex-members" of the Church of Scientology, in a 2009 article.[41]
Mimi Rogers 1956– Actress (introduced Tom Cruise to Scientology).[12][41][44][193]
Jerry Seinfeld 1954– Seinfeld is an actor and comedian, and a former Scientologist.[194][195][196] He became an adherent of Scientology in 1977.[194] Seinfeld self-identified as a Scientologist to his friends.[194] He attempted to recruit those he knew to become active with the organization.[194] He attempted to reach the Scientology level of "Clear".[194] When interviewed by The Washington Post on his views of the Time magazine article "The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power" that called Scientology a "ruthless global scam", Seinfeld said he felt it was "poor journalism".[197] Characterized by The Guardian in a 2006 article among "Listed Scientologists", with the notation "(reformed)".[63] Listed by The Globe and Mail among "ex-members" of the Church of Scientology, in a 2009 article.[41]
Patrick Swayze 1952–2009 Actor.[12][41][65][63][196] Listed by The Globe and Mail among "ex-members" of the Church of Scientology, in a 2009 article.[41]
Paul Twitchell 1908–1971 Spiritual writer and founder of Eckankar.[198] Joined Scientology and achieved the status of "Clear".[199]

Course participants

Individuals who have taken Scientology courses, but have not been identified as Scientologists or former Scientologists.

Name Lifetime Notes
Courtney Love 1964– Love thanked Scientology in the sleevenotes of her 2004 album, America's Sweetheart.[200][201] Love additionally thanked celebrity Scientologist, Kirstie Alley on the album; Alley is a spokesperson for Narconon, a Scientology-affiliated drug rehab program based on the writings of Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard.[202] The Guardian described her as a "follower" of Scientology in 2006.[200] In a 2006 interview with the Chicago Tribune, Love admitted to studying Scientology for a period of months.[203] She said that after this period of time, Scientology "didn't take" for her, and commented, "I still got all the books. You want 'em? You know, you go into the Celebrity Center and they give you chicken and vitamins and they're all nice to you. They have this course on how to recognize evil people, but ironically at that point in time, I had $20 million embezzled from me ... by assistants, business managers, a rogue loan officer at the bank, his boyfriend who worked for my business manager, this whole hornet's nest of people. So I took this course on how to recognize evil people, and I didn't recognize any of these people as being evil."[203]
Mary Bono Mack 1961– Widow of Scientologist Sonny Bono. An issue of the Scientology magazine Celebrity stated that both Bono Mack and her husband had taken numerous courses.[204] She told George Magazine in 1999, "When I met Sonny, he was very involved in [Scientology]. And I knew nothing about it. I didn't even know the negative side to it at that point. So I thought, 'This is great,' and I took the courses with him. But as time went on, to put it lightly, I didn't believe it was for me. I thought it was very expensive and far too consuming."[204] She commented on the difficulties involved when her husband wanted to distance himself from the organization: "Sonny did try to break away at one point, and they made it difficult for him. ... I was resentful of that. I did not like the fact that he said, 'Hey, I'm done with it. I'm not a Scientologist.' And they were saying, 'Hey, you can't do that.' He was amazed, and I was upset."[205]
Brandy Norwood 1979– Singer-songwriter, took Scientology classes in 2004.[206] The musician stated to MSNBC, "(Scientology) basically consists of questions that probe really deeply into your life. You are confronting all of your experiences, and I knew if I could confront every experience in my life and be cool with it, then nothing could stop me. They ask the questions, and you provide the answers. I am not a Scientologist, but I do love what I have experienced."[206] She later decided to stop taking Scientology courses, explaining in 2009 that "someone said, 'There're these classes that you can take that can better you as a person.' I'm like, 'OK, I'll go check it out', but that's all I did, go check it out. I'm not a Scientologist."[207]
Christopher Reeve 1952–2004 Actor and director.[208][209][210] Took classes and participated in auditing in 1975.[209] While finding L. Ron Hubbard's claims logical and exciting, he remained skeptical and lost interest in the practice after successfully manipulating an auditor, later retelling that story as the reason he left Scientology.[209]
Will Smith 1968– Studied Scientology in 2007, and stated, "I'm a student of world religion. The ideas of the Bible are 98% the same ideas of Scientology, 98% the same ideas of Hinduism and Buddhism."[211] Participated in Scientology auditing sessions.[212] In 2006, Smith gave US$20,000 to Scientology-related groups.[213] This increased to $122,500 in 2007; to three different organizations affiliated with the Church of Scientology.[214][213] In 2008, Smith paid $889,000 for a three-year lease on a new school he founded with his wife, Jada Pinkett Smith, called New Village Leadership Academy.[215] The school utilizes "Study Technology", a Scientology teaching methodology created by Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard, along with other approaches such as the Montessori method and Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.[216] In early September 2008, members of the anti-Scientology group Project Chanology protested outside of New Village Academy and criticized the use of L. Ron Hubbard's techniques in the school.[217] Smith is characterized as "a follower of Scientology", in a 2006 article in the The Hamilton Spectator.[218]
Sharon Stone 1958– Actress.[63] Berliner Zeitung reported that Stone enrolled in Scientology courses in 1992.[219] Stone was characterized by The Guardian in a 2006 article among "Listed Scientologists", with the notation "(reformed)".[63] A 2008 article in The Independent noted that Stone was involved "with the Church of Scientology, which she subscribed to for a few years during the mid-1990s."[220]


See also

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Notes

  1. ^ a b Urdang 1986, p. 502.
  2. ^ Wilson 1999, p. 18
  3. ^ Zellner 1998, pp. 151-152.
  4. ^ Lewis 2009, pp. 55-56.
  5. ^ Ortega 2008, p. 8.
  6. ^ Sawyer 1992
  7. ^ Lewis 2007, p. 6.
  8. ^ Chasan, Alice (April 18, 2006). "Rev. John Carmichael, Church of Scientology, Tom Cruise, Katie Holmes, silent birth, L. Ron Hubbard". Beliefnet. Beliefnet, Inc. Retrieved 6 June 2008.
  9. ^ Waldman, Amy (September 20, 2001). "Changed Lives - Religious Leader Takes His Calling to Ground Zero". The New York Times Company. p. A22. Retrieved 2008-06-08. {{cite news}}: Text "The New York Times" ignored (help)
  10. ^ Barron, James (October 6, 1987). "Defendant in Park Murder Tried to Join Scientologists". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
  11. ^ a b c d Morton, Andrew (2008). Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 102, 243, 317, 318. ISBN 0312359861. Cite error: The named reference "morton" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Tobin, Thomas C. (June 23, 2009). "Ecclesiastical Justice". St. Petersburg Times. p. 1A; Section: Scientology Celebrities. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ Derakhshani, Tirdad (26 August 2006). "Cruise camp: sorry about Shields". The Philadephia Inquirer.
  14. ^ Staff (25 August 2006). "Tom 'Incensed' Sumner's Wife". New York Post. N.Y.P. Holdings, Inc. p. 14.
  15. ^ Lewis, Anthony (August 1, 1968). "Britain Curbs Activities of Cult of Scientologists; Refuses to Admit Americans Known to Be Followers Minister of Health Declares Group Socially Harmful". The New York Times. The New York Times Company.
  16. ^ Cooper, Paulette (1971). The Scandal of Scientology. Tower Publications. pp. Appendix - The Scientologist's Story.
  17. ^ a b Lancaster, James (October 11, 2005). "Everyone has the potential to be great". The Argus. pp. 10–11.
  18. ^ Rubin, Joel (October 1, 2005). "District Scrambles to Ensure Human Rights Event Is Religion-Free; Officials were unaware of Scientology's role in the international forum at Jordan High in Watts". Los Angeles Times. p. B4.
  19. ^ Joel Sappell and Robert W. Welkos (24 June 1990). "The Mind Behind the Religon [sic]". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 21 May 2008.
  20. ^ a b c Tobin, Thomas C. (October 25, 1998). "The man behind Scientology: David Miscavige, the seldom-seen leader of the church, comes forth in his first newspaper interview to talk of a more peaceful time for Scientology". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 23 June 2008.
  21. ^ Donahue, Ann (July 19, 1999). "From Las Vegas lounge singer to Scientology leader". Los Angeles Business Journal.
  22. ^ Hansen, Susan (June 1997). "Did Scientology Strike Back?". The American Lawyer.
  23. ^ Horne, William W. (July/August 1992). "The Two Faces of Scientology". The American Lawyer. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ^ Ortega, Tony (December 23, 1999). "Double Crossed: The Church of Scientology has a reputation for ruthlessly going after its enemies. Robert Cipriano claims Scientologists rewarded him for helping them do just that. Now he's turned on them". Phoenix New Times. Retrieved 20 June 2009.
  25. ^ Boshoff, Alison (January 17, 2008). "Is Scientologist Tom Cruise out of control". The Daily Telegraph. News Limited. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
  26. ^ Eddy, Melissa (Associated Press) (February 12, 2008). "German administrative court upholds government's right to observe Church of Scientology". Toronto Star. www.thestar.com. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
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  28. ^ Staff (August 6, 2005). "Dollars and sense: Bloggers take on costs of Scientology". Bakersfield Californian.
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References

Further reading

External links

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