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List of religious populations

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2020 estimation of major religious groups[1]
Religion Percent
Christianity
 
 28.8%
Islam
 
 25.6%
Unaffiliated
 
 24.2%
Hinduism
 
 14.9%
Buddhism
 
 4.1%
Other religions
 
 2.4%

This is a list of religious populations by number of adherents and countries.

A map of the world, showing the major religions distributed in the world as of today

Current world estimates

Pew Research Center published in 2025 an estimation of the proportions of the major religious groups in 2020.[1]

Largest religion by country

A map showing the prevailing religious population by country based on the Pew Research Center's 2010 baseline estimates.[2]

By proportion

Christians

Countries and territories with the greatest proportion of Christians from Christianity by country, in 2010:

Christian population percentage by country, June 2014.[3]
  1. Vatican City 100% (100% Roman Catholic)
  2. Pitcairn Islands 100% (100% Seventh-day Adventist)[4]
  3. East Timor 99.6%[5] (mostly Roman Catholic)
  4. Samoa ~99.0% (mostly Protestant)[6]
  5. Armenia 98.5% (96% Oriental Orthodox)
  6. American Samoa 98.3% (mostly Protestant; ARDA claim)[7][better source needed]
  7. Malta 98.1%[8] (mostly Roman Catholic)
  8. Venezuela 98.0%[9] (71% Roman Catholic)
  9. Greece 98.0%[10] (95% Eastern Orthodox)
  10. Marshall Islands 97.2% (mostly Protestant)[11]
  11. Tonga 97.2% (mostly Protestant)[12]
  12. San Marino 97.0%[13] (~97% Roman Catholic)
  13. Paraguay 96.9%[14] (mostly Roman Catholic)
  14. El Salvador 96.4% (mostly Roman Catholic; ARDA claim)[15][better source needed]
  15. Kiribati 96.0% (mostly Protestant)[16]
  16. Federated States of Micronesia ~96.0% (mostly Protestant)[17]
  17. Barbados 95.1% (mostly Protestant)[18]
  18. Papua New Guinea 94.8% (mostly Protestant; ARDA claim)[19][better source needed]
  19. Mexico 94.6% (mostly Roman Catholic)
  20. Peru 94.5%[20] (mostly Roman Catholic)
  21. Romania 93.0% (mostly Eastern Orthodox)[21]
  22. Poland 92.9% (mostly Roman Catholic)[22]
  23. Croatia 91.1% (mostly Roman Catholic)[23]

Muslims

Countries and territories with a considerable proportion of Muslims from Islam by country in 2010, excluding foreign workers in brackets:[24]

Muslim Percentage by country, 2020
  1. Maldives 100%[25]
  2. Mauritania 99.9%[26]
  3. Morocco 99.9%[27]
  4. Yemen 99.8% (65% Sunni, 35% Shia)[24]
  5. Somalia 99.7%[28]
  6. Afghanistan 99.7%[29] (90% Sunni, 10% Shia)[24]
  7. Iran 99.6% (95% Shia, 5% Sunni)[30]
  8. Tunisia 99.5%
  9. Azerbaijan 99.2% (55% Shia, 45% Sunni)[24]
  10. Palestine Gaza Strip 99.0%[31]
  11. Iraq 99.0% (60% Shia, 40% Sunni)[24]
  12. Niger 99.0% (mostly Sunni)[24]
  13. Turkey 98.6% (85% Sunni, 15% Shia)[32]
  14. Comoros 98.3%[33]
  15. Algeria 98.0%
  16. Tajikistan 97.9%[34]
  17. Saudi Arabia 97.2% (90% Sunni, 10% Shia)[24]
  18. Sudan 97.0%[35]
  19. Djibouti 96.9%[24]
  20. Libya 96.6%[36]
  21. Pakistan 96.4% (85% Sunni, 12% Shia, 3% Other)[37]
  22. Uzbekistan 96.3%[24]
  23. Egypt 94.6%[24]
  24. Syria 92.2% (80% Sunni, 20% Shia)[24]

Irreligious and atheists

Countries with the greatest proportion of people without religion, including agnostics and atheists, from Irreligion by country in 2020:[38]

Nonreligious population by country in 2010.[39]
  1. China 89.6%
  2. North Korea 72.9%
  3. Czech Republic 72.8%
  4. Hong Kong 71.4%
  5. Vietnam 67.7%
  6. Macao 67.6%
  7. Japan 57.5%
  8. Netherlands 54.1%
  9. Uruguay 52.4%
  10. New Zealand 51.4%
  11. South Korea 48.3%
  12. Estonia 43.6%
  13. France 42.6%
  14. Australia 42.3%
  15. Mongolia 40.8%
  16. United Kingdom 40.2%
  17. Belgium 39.0%
  18. Germany 36.1%
  19. Canada 34.6%
  20. Slovenia 32.3%
  21.  Switzerland 30.8%
  22. Chile 30.3%
  23. United States 29.7%
  24. Sweden 28.9%
  25. Hungary 27.0%
  26. Spain 26.4%
  27. Luxembourg 25.3%
  28. Slovakia 25.3%
  29. Finland 25.0%
  30. Jamaica 23.7%

Data is ranked by mean estimate in parentheses. Irreligious includes agnostic, atheist, secular people, and those having no formal religious adherence. It does not necessarily mean that those of this group don't belong to any religion. Some religions have harmonized with local cultures and can be seen as a cultural background rather than a formal religion. The practice of officially associating a family or household with a religion, while not formally practicing the affiliated religion, is common in many countries. Thus, over half of this group is theistic and/or influenced by religious principles, but nonreligious/non-practicing and not true atheists or agnostics. See Spiritual but not religious.

Hindus

Countries with the greatest proportion of Hindus from Hinduism by country in 2020:[40]

Hindu population by country in 2010
  1.   Nepal 81.2%
  2. India 79.4%
  3. Mauritius 48.3%
  4. Fiji 24.1%
  5. Guyana 23.4%
  6. Bhutan 22.5%
  7. Suriname 22.5%
  8. Trinidad and Tobago 20.6%
  9. Sri Lanka 14.5%
  10. United Arab Emirates 11.8%
  11. Bahrain 11.2%
  12. Qatar 10.6%
  13. Oman 9.5%
  14. Kuwait 8.5%
  15. Bangladesh 7.9%
  16. Malaysia 6.1%
  17. Singapore 5.3%
  18. Réunion 4.5%
  19. Australia 3%
  20. New Zealand 2.8%
  21. Saudi Arabia 2.6%
  22. Maldives 2.5%
  23. Pakistan 2.1%
  24. Curaçao 2%
  25. United Kingdom 1.7%
  26. French Guiana 1.6%
  27. Indonesia 1.6%
  28. Canada 1.5%
  29. Malta 1.4%
  30. Seychelles 1.4%

Buddhists

Countries with the greatest proportion of Buddhists from Buddhism by country in 2010:[41][42]

Buddhist population by country in 2010
  1. Cambodia 96.9%
  2. Thailand 93.2%
  3. Myanmar 80.1%
  4. Bhutan 74.7%
  5. Sri Lanka 69.3%
  6. Laos 66.0%
  7. Mongolia 55.1%
  8. Japan 36.2% - 66.7%[45]
  9. Taiwan 35.1%
  10. Singapore 33.2%
  11. South Korea 22.9%
  12. Malaysia 19.8%
  13. China 18.2%
  14. Macau 17.3%
  15. Vietnam 16.4%
  16. Hong Kong 13.2%
  17. Northern Mariana Islands 10.6%
  18.   Nepal 10.3%
  19. Brunei 8.6%
  20. Qatar 3.1%
  21. Kuwait 2.8%
  22. Australia 2.7%
  23. Bahrain 2.5%
  24. United Arab Emirates 2.0%
  25. New Zealand 1.6%
  26. North Korea 1.5%
  27. United States 1.2%
  28. Nauru 1.1%

Chinese traditional religionists

As a spiritual practice, Taoism has made fewer inroads in the West than Buddhism and Hinduism. Despite the popularity of its great classics the I Ching and the Tao Te Ching, the practice of Taoism has not been promulgated in America with much success.[46] These religions are not ubiquitous worldwide in the way that adherents of bigger world religions are, and they remain primarily an ethnic religion. Nonetheless, Taoist ideas and symbols such as taijitu have become popular throughout the world through tai chi, qigong, and various martial arts.[47]

  1. Taiwan 33.0–80.0%[48]
  2. China 30.0%[49]
  3. Hong Kong 28.0%[50]
  4. Macau 13.9%[51]
  5. Singapore 8.5%[52]
  6. Malaysia 2.6%[53]
  7. South Korea 0.2–1.0%[54]
  8. Philippines 0.01–0.05%
  9. Indonesia 0.05%

In 1999, the Chinese traditional religion had 184,000 believers in Latin America, 250,000 believers in Europe, and 839,000 believers in North America.[55][56]

Ethnic and indigenous religionists

Indigenous statistics come from the 2009 U.S. Department of State's International Religious Freedom Act,[57] based on the highest estimate of people identified as indigenous or followers of indigenous religions that have been well-defined. Due to the syncretic nature of these religions, the numbers may not reflect the actual number of practitioners.

  1. Togo 35.6%[58]
  2. South Sudan 32.9%[59]
  3. Guinea-Bissau 30.9%[60]
  4. North Korea 29.5%[61]
  5. Côte d'Ivoire 25.0%
  6. Sudan 25.0%[62]
  7. Burundi 20.0%
  8. Burkina Faso 15.0%
  9. South Africa 15.0%[63]
  10. Democratic Republic of the Congo 12.0%
  11. Benin 10.5%[64]
  12. Central African Republic 10.0%
  13. Gabon 10.0%
  14. Lesotho 10.0%
  15. Nigeria 10.0%
  16. Sierra Leone 10.0%[65]
  17. Kenya 9.0%
  18. Palau 9.0%[66]
  19. Ghana 8.5%
  20. Guinea 5.0%

Sikhs

Countries with the greatest proportion of Sikhs:

Sikhism by country
  1. Canada 2.12%[67][68]
  2. India 1.72%[73]
  3. Cyprus 1.10%[74]
  4. United Kingdom 0.88%[75]
  5. New Zealand 0.88%[76]
  6. Australia 0.83%[77][78]
  7. Oman 0.75%[79]
  8. UAE 0.56%[80]
  9. Italy 0.37%[92]
  10. Singapore 0.35%[93]

The Sikh homeland is the Punjab state, in India, where Sikhs make up approximately 58% of the population. This is the only place where Sikhs are in the majority. Sikhs have emigrated to countries all over the world – especially to English-speaking and East Asian nations. In doing so they have retained, to an unusually high degree, their distinctive cultural and religious identity.[94]

Sikhs are not ubiquitous worldwide in the way that adherents of larger world religions are, and they remain primarily an ethnic religion. They can be found in many international cities and have become an especially strong religious presence in the United Kingdom and Canada.[94] Sikhism is the fastest growing religion in New Zealand and Australia.[95][96]

Spiritists

The data come from ARDA[97][better source needed] if no other specific source is provided.

  1. Cuba 10.3%
  2. Jamaica 10.2%
  3. Suriname 3.6%
  4. Haiti 2.7%
  5. Dominican Republic 2.2%
  6. The Bahamas 1.9%
  7. Brazil 1.8%[98]
  8. Nicaragua 1.5%
  9. Trinidad and Tobago 1.4%
  10. Guyana 1.3%
  11. Venezuela 1.1%
  12. Colombia 1.0%
  13. Belize 1.0%
  14. Honduras 0.9%
  15. Puerto Rico 0.7%
  16. Panama 0.5%
  17. Iceland 0.5%
  18. Guadeloupe 0.4%
  19. Argentina 0.2%
  20. Guatemala 0.2%

Jews

Countries with the greatest proportion of Jews in 2017:[99]

Jewish population by country in 2020
  1. Israel 73.60%
  2. Gibraltar 2.00%
  3. United States 1.76%
  4. Canada 1.07%
  5. France 0.70%
  6. Hungary 0.485%
  7. Uruguay 0.483%
  8. Australia 0.47%
  9. United Kingdom 0.44%
  10. Argentina 0.41%
  11. U.S. Virgin Islands 0.36%
  12. Belgium 0.259%
  13. Panama 0.25%
  14. Latvia 0.24%
  15.  Switzerland 0.22%
  16. Netherlands 0.17%
  17. Estonia 0.154%
  18. Bermuda 0.154%
  19. Sweden 0.152%
  20. Germany 0.14%
  21. South Africa 0.124%
  22. Ukraine 0.124%
  23. Russia 0.122%
  24. Denmark 0.112%
  25. New Zealand 0.11%[100]

By population

Christians

Largest Christian populations in 2020:[101]

  1. United States 217,270,000
  2. Brazil 168,300,000
  3. Mexico 113,070,000
  4. Philippines 102,510,000
  5. Russia 102,350,000
  6. Nigeria 92,770,000
  7. Democratic Republic of the Congo 92,400,000
  8. Ethiopia 73,230,000
  9. South Africa 51,630,000
  10. Italy 48,210,000
  11. Germany 47,030,000
  12. Kenya 44,730,000
  13. Colombia 43,670,000
  14. Argentina 39,970,000
  15. Tanzania 39,440,000
  16. Uganda 39,010,000
  17. Ukraine 37,280,000
  18. Poland 34,810,000
  19. United Kingdom 33,250,000
  20. Spain 33,120,000
  21. Angola 31,120,000
  22. India 31,060,000
  23. Peru 31,030,000
  24. France 30,620,000
  25. Indonesia 28,200,000
  26. China 25,450,000
  27. Venezuela 25,060,000
  28. Ghana 22,730,000
  29. Madagascar 21,490,000
  30. Canada 20,350,000

Muslims

Largest Muslim populations in 2020:[38]

  1. Indonesia 238,990,000 (details)
  2. Pakistan 226,880,000
  3. India 213,060,000
  4. Bangladesh 151,440,000
  5. Nigeria 119,980,000
  6. Egypt 104,040,000
  7. Iran 87,520,000
  8. Turkey 83,600,000
  9. Sudan 46,250,000
  10. Algeria 43,330,000
  11. Iraq 41,910,000
  12. Afghanistan 39,020,000
  13. Morocco 36,470,000
  14. Yemen 36,090,000
  15. Uzbekistan 32,120,000
  16. Saudi Arabia 28,730,000
  17. China 25,980,000
  18. Niger 23,270,000
  19. Malaysia 21,730,000
  20. Mali 20,440,000
  21. Syria 19,820,000
  22. Tanzania 18,210,000
  23. Somalia 16,620,000
  24. Senegal 16,380,000
  25. Kazakhstan 15,180,000
  26. Burkina Faso 14,480,000
  27. Ivory Coast 13,390,000
  28. Russia 11,990,000
  29. Tunisia 11,890,000
  30. Guinea 11,610,000

Irreligious and atheists

Largest religiously unaffiliated populations in 2020:[102]

  1. China 1,278,120,000
  2. United States 100,910,000
  3. Japan 72,570,000
  4. Vietnam 66,370,000
  5. Germany 30,230,000
  6. Russia 29,560,000
  7. Brazil 28,110,000
  8. France 28,110,000
  9. United Kingdom 27,090,000
  10. South Korea 25,030,000
  11. North Korea 19,040,000
  12. Mexico 13,480,000
  13. Canada 13,220,000
  14. Spain 12,570,000
  15. Australia 10,900,000
  16. Netherlands 9,540,000
  17. Italy 7,950,000
  18. Czech Republic 7,680,000
  19. Ukraine 6,770,000
  20. Madagascar 6,460,000
  21. Chile 5,860,000
  22. Taiwan 5,460,000
  23. Hong Kong 5,340,000
  24. Colombia 5,030,000
  25. Belgium 4,500,000
  26. Mozambique 4,400,000
  27. Argentina 4,170,000
  28. Poland 3,300,000
  29. Sweden 2,990,000
  30. Venezuela 2,770,000

Hindus

Largest Hindu populations in 2020:[103]

  1. India 1,113,200,000
  2.   Nepal 23,520,000
  3. Bangladesh 13,140,000
  4. Pakistan 5,030,000
  5. Indonesia 4,350,000
  6. Sri Lanka 3,280,000
  7. United States 3,040,000
  8. Malaysia 2,070,000
  9. United Kingdom 1,140,000
  10. United Arab Emirates 1,110,000
  11. Saudi Arabia 810,000
  12. Australia 760,000
  13. South Africa 640,000
  14. Mauritius 620,000
  15. Canada 580,000
  16. Oman 430,000
  17. Kuwait 370,000
  18. Trinidad and Tobago 310,000
  19. Qatar 300,000
  20. Singapore 300,000
  21. Italy 260,000
  22. Myanmar 230,000
  23. Fiji 220,000
  24. Guyana 190,000
  25. Bhutan 170,000
  26. Bahrain 170,000
  27. New Zealand 140,000
  28. Suriname 140,000
  29. Germany 130,000
  30. Russia 100,000

Buddhists

Largest Buddhist populations in 2020.[104]

  1. Thailand 67,620,000
  2. China 53,380,000
  3. Myanmar 47,210,000
  4. Japan 46,990,000
  5. Vietnam 22,580,000
  6. Cambodia 16,240,000
  7. Sri Lanka 15,700,000
  8. South Korea 9,850,000
  9. India 9,550,000
  10. Malaysia 6,400,000
  11. United States 3,800,023
  12. Indonesia 2,062,000
  13. Bangladesh 1,001,974
  14. Australia 670,000
  15. Canada 660,000
  16. Hong Kong 630,000
  17. Bhutan 580,000
  18. Russia 520,000
  19. France 470,000
  20. North Korea 400,000

Sikhs

Largest Sikh population in 2023

  1. India 23,786,000[105][a][106][107]
  2. Canada 771,790[67][68]
  3. United Kingdom 524,000[108]
  4. United States ~280,000[128]
  5. Australia 210,400[129][130]
  6. Italy 210,000[131]
  7. Malaysia 100,000[132][133][134]
  8. Thailand 70,000[135]
  9. United Arab Emirates 52,000[80]
  10. Philippines 50,000[136][137]
  11. New Zealand 40,908[138]
  12. Oman 35,540[139]
  13. Portugal 35,000[140]
  14. France 30,000[141]
  15. Spain 26,000[142]
  16. Germany 25,000[143]
  17. Bangladesh 23,000[144]
  18. Greece 20,000[145]
  19. Kuwait 15,000[146][147]
  20. Hong Kong 15,000[148]
  21. Netherlands 15,000[149]

Jews

Largest Jewish populations in 2017:[99]

  1. Israel 6,451,000
  2. United States 5,700,000
  3. France 456,000
  4. Canada 390,000
  5. United Kingdom 289,500
  6. Argentina 180,500
  7. Russia 176,000
  8. Germany 116,500
  9. Australia 113,200
  10. Brazil 93,800
  11. South Africa 69,300
  12. Ukraine 53,000
  13. Hungary 47,500
  14. Mexico 40,000
  15. Netherlands 29,800
  16. Belgium 29,300
  17. Italy 27,300
  18.  Switzerland 18,700
  19. Chile 18,300
  20. Uruguay 16,900
  21. Turkey 15,300
  22. Sweden 15,000
  23. Spain 11,800
  24. Belarus 10,000
  25. Panama 10,000

Baháʼís

Largest Baháʼí populations in 2010 in countries with a national population ≥200,000:[150][better source needed]

  1. India 1,897,651
  2. United States 512,864
  3. Kenya 422,782
  4. Vietnam 388,802
  5. Bangladesh 300,000[151]
  6. Congo, Democratic Republic of the 282,916
  7. Philippines 275,069
  8. Iran 251,127
  9. Zambia 241,112
  10. South Africa 238,532
  11. Bolivia 215,359
  12. Tanzania 190,419
  13. Venezuela 169,811
  14. Uganda 95,098
  15. Chad 94,499
  16. Pakistan 87,259
  17. Myanmar 78,915
  18. Colombia 70,504
  19. Malaysia 67,549
  20. Thailand 65,096
  21. Papua New Guinea 59,898

Jains

In 2005, per ARDA:[152][better source needed]

  1. India 5,146,697
  2. United States 79,459
  3. Kenya 68,848
  4. United Kingdom 35,000
  5. Canada 12,101
  6. Tanzania 9,002
  7.   Nepal 6,800
  8. Uganda 2,663
  9. Myanmar 2,398
  10. Malaysia 2,052
  11. South Africa 1,918
  12. Fiji 1,573
  13. Japan 1,535
  14. Belgium 1,500
  15. Australia 1,449
  16. Suriname 1,217
  17. Ireland 1,000
  18. Bangladesh 1,000
  19. Réunion 981
  20. Hong Kong 500 families[153]
  21. Yemen 229

Zoroastrians

In 2012, per FEZANA:[154]

  1. India 61,000
  2. Iran 25,271
  3. United States 14,405
  4. Canada 6,442
  5. United Kingdom 5,500
  6. Australia 2,577

See also

Religions:

Notes

  1. ↑ Sikhs comprise 1.7% (23,786,052) of India's total population of 1,399,179,585 per 2023 estimate by the World Factbook.[105]

References

  1. 1 2 "How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 14 June 2025.
  2. ↑ Wormald, Benjamin (2 April 2015). "The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  3. ↑ "Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population" (PDF). Pew Research Center.
  4. ↑ "The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  5. ↑ "The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  6. ↑ "Catholic Church". Gcatholic.org. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  7. ↑ "The Association of Religion Data Archives – National Profiles". Thearda.com. Archived from the original on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  8. ↑ "The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  9. ↑ "The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 31 May 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  10. ↑ "The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  11. ↑ "Marshall Islands". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 30 November 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  12. ↑ "2006 Tonga Census". Spc.int. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  13. ↑ "San Marino". International Religious Freedom Report 2006. US Department of State: Diplomacy in Action. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  14. ↑ "US Department of State – Paraguay – International Religious Freedom Report 2005". Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2007.
  15. ↑ "The Association of Religion Data Archives – National Profiles". Thearda.com. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  16. ↑ "Kiribati". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 30 November 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  17. ↑ "Micronesia, Federated States of". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 30 November 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  18. ↑ "Barbados". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 30 November 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  19. ↑ "Papua New Guinea, Religion and Social Profile – National Profiles – International Data". Thearda.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  20. ↑ "References :: Definitions and Notes — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 12 June 2007. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  21. ↑ "2011 results - People and household census". www.recensamantromania.ro. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  22. ↑ "Infographic – Religiousness of Polish inhabitiants". stat.gov.pl. Archived from the original on 9 March 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  23. ↑ "Population by Religion, by Towns/Municipalities, 2011 Census". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Miller, Tracy, ed. (October 2009). Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population (PDF). Pew Research Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 August 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  25. ↑ "Maldives population (2021) live — Countrymeters". Archived from the original on 16 July 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  26. ↑ "Mauritania". 6 October 2021. Archived from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  27. ↑ "Islam in Morocco - Islam Today and Other Religions | Travel Blog | About Us | Naturally Morocco". Archived from the original on 16 July 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  28. ↑ "Religions in Somalia | PEW-GRF". Archived from the original on 16 July 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  29. ↑ "The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  30. ↑ "The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  31. ↑ "The West Bank and Gaza: A Population Profile". Population Reference Bureau. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
  32. ↑ "How Strict is Islam in Turkey? Tips for Travelers". 19 May 2021. Archived from the original on 16 July 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  33. ↑ "The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  34. ↑ "The World Factbook". Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  35. ↑ "North Sudanese Culture - Religion". January 2018. Archived from the original on 16 July 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  36. ↑ "The World Factbook". cia.gov. Archived from the original on 12 October 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  37. ↑ "The World Factbook". cia.gov. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  38. 1 2 "Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2020". Pew Research Center. 9 June 2025. Archived from the original on 31 August 2026. Retrieved 30 August 2026.
  39. ↑ "Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 2 April 2015. Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  40. 1 2 3 "How Sikhs saved the Italian cheese industry". Global Indian. Today, Italy has the largest Sikh population in Europe, only second to the United Kingdom, with an estimated number of 220,000
  41. ↑ "Buddhists". Pewforum.org. 18 December 2012. Archived from the original on 18 April 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  42. ↑ "Table: Religious Composition by Country" (PDF). assets.pewresearch.org. Pew Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2026.
  43. ↑ 宗教年鑑 令和元年版 [Religious Yearbook 2019] (PDF) (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs, Government of Japan. 2019. p. 35.
  44. ↑ "Population Estimates Monthly Report - December 1, 2018 (Final estimates)". Archived from the original on 24 May 2019.
  45. ↑ Population figures from the Agency for Cultural Affairs Religious Yearbook 2019, as of the end of 2018, are as follows:[43]
    Shinto: 80,219,808
    Buddhism: 91,336,539
    Christianity: 1,921,484
    Other: 7,851,545
    Percentages calculated using the official total population figure of 126,435,000 as of the end of 2018.[44]
  46. ↑ Occhiogrosso, Peter. The Joy of Sects: A Spirited Guide to the World's Religious Traditions. New York: Doubleday (1996); p. 192.
  47. ↑ "BBC – Religion: Taoism". BBC. Archived from the original on 17 July 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  48. ↑ "Taiwan". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 30 November 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  49. ↑ "Asia Sentinel – Independent news and analysis about Asia's politics, economics, culture and more". Asia Sentinel. Archived from the original on 20 August 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  50. ↑ "China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, Macau)". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 2 November 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  51. ↑ "China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau)". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  52. ↑ "The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  53. ↑ "The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 15 October 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  54. ↑ "Presidential Election in South Korea Highlights Influence of Christian Community". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 12 December 2007. Archived from the original on 10 March 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  55. ↑ World Almanac and Book of Facts 2000. Mahwah, NJ: PRIMEDIA Reference Inc. (1999). [Source: 1999 Encyc. Britannica Book of the Year]; p. 695.
  56. ↑ "Chinese traditional religion, continued…". Adherents.com. Archived from the original on 6 May 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  57. ↑ "2009 Report on International Religious Freedom". state.gov. Archived from the original on 29 October 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  58. ↑ İNSAMER (2017). "Togo Cumhuriyeti" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  59. ↑ "Religious Composition by Country" (PDF) (table). Pew Forum of Religion & Global Life. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 March 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  60. ↑ "International Religious Freedom Report for 2015". Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  61. ↑ Alton, David (2013). Building Bridges: Is There Hope for North Korea?. Lion Hudson. p. 79. ISBN 978-0745955988.
  62. ↑ Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (26 October 2009). "Sudan". International Religious Freedom Report 2009. U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 30 November 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  63. ↑ "South Africa". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 30 November 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  64. 1 2 3 "How the recent Punjabi migration to Spain & Italy is a departure for the diaspora". The Economic Times. 29 July 2018. The total number of Indians in Italy has now crossed 200,000, making it the largest Indian diaspora in continental Europe and far greater than the 30,000 estimated in Spain. This Indian contingent is mainly made up of Punjabi Jat Sikhs.
  65. ↑ "Sierra Leone". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 30 November 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  66. ↑ "Palau". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 30 November 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  67. 1 2 Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). "Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  68. 1 2 Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). "The Daily — The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity". www150.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  69. ↑ Barwiński, Marek; Musiaka, Łukasz (2019). "The Sikhs – religion and nation. Chosen political and social determinants of functioning". Studia Z Geografii Politycznej I Historycznej. 8: 167–182. doi:10.18778/2300-0562.08.09. hdl:11089/38783. S2CID 226730777 – via ResearchGate.
  70. ↑ "Sikh-population-as-per-census".
  71. ↑ Puri, Harish K. (June–July 2003). "Scheduled Castes in Sikh Community: A Historical Perspective". Economic and Political Weekly. 38 (26). Economic and Political Weekly: 2693–2701. JSTOR 4413731.
  72. ↑ "Total fertility rate down across all communities | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. 8 May 2022.
  73. ↑ The Indian Sikh population grew from 16,420,685 to 19,237,391 between 1991 and 2001, a rise of 2,816,706 or 17.15%. It further rose from 19,237,391 to 20,833,116 between 1991 and 2001, a rise of 1,595,725 or 8.29%.[69][70][71] Assuming the Indian Sikh population growth rate continues to decline at the same rate, which is likely since Sikhs have the lowest birth rate across all Indian religious groups, the Indian Sikh population would grow by 4.01% between 2011 and 2021, or from 20,833,116 to 21,668,524.[72]
  74. ↑ "Religious Freedom in the World. Report 2021" (PDF). acninternational.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  75. ↑ "Religion, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  76. ↑ "Losing our religion | Stats NZ".
  77. ↑ Glenn (6 September 2012). "2011 Australian Census - Fastest Growing Religions". Blog.id.com.au. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  78. ↑ "2071.0 - Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 28 June 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  79. ↑ ARDA claim: "National Profiles". www.thearda.com.[better source needed]
  80. 1 2 Gokulan, Dhanusha. "Sikhs in UAE hail country's year of 'respect, inclusion'". Khaleej Times. Archived from the original on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  81. 1 2 "Over 40,000 Sikhs vote in secessionist Referendum in Italy". Geo News. it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in the county with a majority in Brescia.
  82. 1 2 "Around 45,000 Sikhs vote in Referendum in Italy". Daily Pakistan. That it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in it with a majority in Brescia
  83. 1 2 "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". Pakistan Today. 3 July 2022. About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
  84. 1 2 "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". The Nation. About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
  85. 1 2 "Thousands of Sikhs attend parade in Italy". Bol News. Italy has over 200,000 Sikhs who are active members of the Italian population, which is why this city was chosen
  86. 1 2 "The Continuing Struggle for Religious Freedom by Italy's Sikh Community". The Wire. It is estimated that there are around 220,000 Sikh migrants in Italy. The community, however, has been largely invisible to native Italians. The majority of Sikhs are dairy workers, living far from the cities, and settled mainly in the farms of north and central Italy.
  87. 1 2 Bertolani, Barbara (2013). "The Sikhs in Italy: A Growing Heterogeneous and Plural Presence". Globalizing Belief, Localizing Gods. Brill Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 9789004254756. According to Gallo (2013), by contrast, the Sikhs would number at least 100,000. Barbara Bertolani estimates in 2013 "My own data gathered within the Sikh community in Italy show Sikh people constituting about 70% of all the Indians present, i.e., at least 84,000 residents
  88. 1 2 "Why the Indian government must help Italian Sikhs". Hindustan Times. Up to 150,000 Sikhs now live there, making it the largest Sikh Community in Europe after the one in Britain
  89. 1 2 "The Sikhs Spearheading The Italian Parmesan Cheese Industry". Homegrown. Despite the estimated 220,000 Sikh immigrants who inhabit the Po Valley, there seems to a whiff of change in the air
  90. 1 2 "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". Pakistan Today. About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
  91. 1 2 Tebano, Elena. "Prayer at dawn, zero crime: this is how Sikhs live in Italy, after the sentence of the Cassation". Corriere Della Sera. The vegan diet, the cult, the traditions. Customs and symbols of the 150,000 faithful of the religion born in India who now live in the Bel Paese
  92. ↑ [81][82][83][84][85][86][64][40][87][88][89][90][91]
  93. ↑ Kaur, Arunajeet (2008), "The Evolution of the Sikh Identity in Singapore", Religious Diversity in Singapore, ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute, pp. 275–297, ISBN 978-981-230-755-2, retrieved 3 January 2023
  94. 1 2 "Sikhs". Adherents.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  95. ↑ "Sikhs fastest-growing minority in NZ: Census". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  96. ↑ "Inside Australia's fastest growing major religion". SBS News. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  97. ↑ "Most Spiritist Nations (2005) - QuickLists - The Association of Religion Data Archives". Thearda.com. Archived from the original on 5 May 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  98. ↑ "Censo 2022: católicos seguem em queda; evangélicos e sem religião crescem no país". Agência de Notícias - IBGE (in Brazilian Portuguese). 6 June 2025. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
  99. 1 2 "Jewish population - world 2017"" (PDF). www.jewishdatabank.org. Jewish data bank. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 June 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  100. ↑ "2018 Census totals by topic – national highlights". StatsNZ. 4 November 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
  101. ↑ "Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2020". Pew Research Center. 9 June 2025. Archived from the original on 31 August 2026. Retrieved 30 August 2026.
  102. ↑ "Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2020". pewresearch.org. Archived from the original on 12 February 2026. Retrieved 12 March 2026.
  103. ↑ "Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2020". Pew Research Center. 9 June 2025. Retrieved 31 August 2026.
  104. ↑ Fahmy, Conrad Hackett, Marcin Stonawski, Yunping Tong, Stephanie Kramer, Anne Shi and Dalia (9 June 2025). "Buddhist population change". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 23 November 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  105. 1 2 "India People and Society". The World Factbook. Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  106. ↑ "Sikh Population in World | Sikh Population in India 2023". 22 December 2021.
  107. ↑ "Sikh Religion Census 2011". Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  108. ↑ "Religion, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  109. ↑ "Does the Census Bureau have data for religion?". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  110. ↑ "Asian Indian Was The Largest Asian Alone Population Group in 2020". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  111. ↑ "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  112. ↑ "Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 - Section 1: Population - Table 75: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990, 2001, and 2008 (page 61)" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  113. ↑ "Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 - Section 1: Population - Table 75: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990, 2001, and 2008 (page 61)" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  114. 1 2 "How Many U.S. Sikhs?". Pew Research Center. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  115. ↑ "About Sikhs". Sikh Coalition. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  116. ↑ "H. RES. 275 - 118th Congress (2023-2024)". United States Congress. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  117. ↑ "Sikhism Reporter's Guide". Sikh Coalition. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  118. ↑ "The Sikh Community Today". Harvard University. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Today there are well over 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
  119. ↑ "American Sikhs are targets of bigotry, often due to cultural ignorance". Religion News Service. 10 August 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Scholars and government officials estimate the Sikh American population to number around 500,000.
  120. ↑ "Sikhs in America:A History of Hate". ProPublica. Retrieved 28 March 2023. There are an estimated 500,000 Sikhs living in the U.S., many in New York and California.
  121. ↑ "April 2022: Sikh Awareness and Appreciation Month". State of Michigan Office of the Governor. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Sikhism is the fifth largest religion in the world, and, today, there are more than 30 million Sikhs worldwide and an estimated 500,000 Sikh Americans;
  122. ↑ "Want to know about Sikhism?". WUWM. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023. There are more than 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
  123. ↑ "A Brief Introduction to Sikhism". WTTW. Retrieved 28 March 2023. Despite its relatively recent arrival in Chicago, Sikhism is the world's fifth-largest religion, with 25 to 30 million adherents around the globe and an estimated 500,000 in America today.
  124. ↑ [118][119][120][121][122][123]
  125. ↑ "Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths". Pew Research Center. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  126. ↑ "2020 National Sikh American Survey: Key Findings". Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund. 23 October 2020. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  127. ↑ "DP05ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  128. ↑ While the U.S. census does not ask about religion,[109] 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the 2020 census.[110] In the 2021 Canadian census, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion, indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population.[111] The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008.[112] The Pew Research Center estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012.[113][114] Sikh organizations like the Sikh Coalition and American Sikh Congressional Caucus estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures;[115][116][114] 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media.[117][124] With 1% of Asian Americans being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000-500,000 in 2021.[125][126][127]
  129. ↑ Glenn (6 September 2012). "2011 Australian Census - Fastest Growing Religions". Blog.id.com.au. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  130. ↑ "2071.0 - Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 28 June 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  131. ↑ [81][82][83][84][85][86][64][40][87][88][89][90][91]
  132. ↑ "Gobind Singh Deo is Malaysia's first Sikh minister". The Economic Times. Malaysia has nearly 100,000 Sikh population.
  133. ↑ "Malaysia gets first Sikh minister". WION. Miri Indian Association president, Councillor Karambir Singh was quoted as saying by the Borneo Post. Malaysia has nearly 100,000 Sikh population
  134. ↑ "On the Gurdwara Trail in Malaysia: A Spiritual Experience". SikhNet. 20 January 2023. The Malaysian Sikh community is the fourth largest ethnic group of Malaysian Indians. It is estimated that over 100,000 Sikhs reside in Malaysia. The Sikh population is the largest here among Southeast and East Asia.
  135. ↑ "Thailand". U.S. Department of State.
  136. ↑ "Punjabi community involved in money lending in Philippines braces for 'crackdown' by new President". The Indian Express. 18 May 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  137. ↑ "Khalsa Diwan Sikh Temple - Gurdwara Philippines". 1 December 2011. Archived from the original on 1 December 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  138. ↑ "Losing our religion | Stats NZ". www.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  139. ↑ ARDA claim: "National Profiles". www.thearda.com.[better source needed]
  140. ↑ "Portugal Fact Sheet". Embassy of India (Lisbon, Portugal). Sikhs (35,000), In recent years, the number of Indians (especially from Punjab/Haryana) has increased significantly owing to the easing of immigration norms by Portugal. However, since many of them do not have valid residency documents, official figures are not available.
  141. ↑ "France's Sikh Minority Looks Set to Vote Against Marine Le Pen". The Wire. 6 May 2017.
  142. ↑ Garha, Nachatter Singh (6 February 2020). "Masculinity in the Sikh Community in Italy and Spain: Expectations and Challenges". Religions. 11 (2): 76. doi:10.3390/rel11020076. hdl:2183/38589.
  143. ↑ "Mitgliederzahlen: Sonstige - REMID - Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst e.V." remid.de (in German). Retrieved 16 August 2017. Sikhs, 25,000 (2020)....The "German Information Center for Sikh Religion, Sikh History, Culture and Science (DISR)" estimates the number of Sikhs in Germany at 18,000 for 2017
  144. ↑ "How Many Sikhs Are There in Bangladesh?". Profound Advices. Retrieved 4 December 2025.
  145. ↑ Lavin, Talia (26 April 2015). "Vibrant Vaisakhi Celebrates Sikh Life In Greece". Huffington Post. The Sikh community in Greece, numbered at around 20,000 according to a 2012 report, joined together to mark the holy day
  146. ↑ "Kuwait To Seek Closure of "Illegal" Sikh Temple". Outlook India. 3 February 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  147. ↑ Pinto, Christina (14 August 2019). "Sikh Gurdwara discovered by 'intrepid' local reporter". Times Kuwait. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  148. ↑ "Hong Kong stories: Getting to know the city's Sikh community". Young Post. 31 July 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  149. ↑ Lawrence, Mary (22 May 2022). "Het licht van God zien in de ander, daar gaat het om bij de sikhs" [Seeing the light of God in the other, that's what the Sikhs are all about]. Trouw. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2023. In Nederland wonen zo'n 15.000 sikhs, die hier sinds de jaren zestig vanuit Afghanistan, Pakistan en India kwamen, op zoek naar werk of op de vlucht voor de Sovjets, de Taliban of de geradicaliseerde aanhangers van Indira Gandhi, nadat zij in 1984 door haar sikhlijfwacht was vermoord. Ons land telt inmiddels negen gurdwara's. [Some 15,000 Sikhs live in the Netherlands, who have come here from Afghanistan, Pakistan and India since the 1960s, looking for work or fleeing the Soviets, the Taliban or the radicalized followers of Indira Gandhi, after they were killed in 1984. her Sikh bodyguard had been killed. Our country now has nine gurdwaras.]
  150. ↑ ARDA claim: "Most Baháʼí Nations (2010)". QuickLists > Compare Nations > Religions. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2010. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
  151. ↑ "The tale of the Baha'i faith in Bangladesh". The Business Standard. 10 December 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  152. ↑ "Most Jainist Nations (2005)". Association of Religion Data Archives. 2005. Archived from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 23 July 2010.
  153. ↑ "Jain festival Paryushana uses prayer, fasting and meditation to ask for forgiveness". Young Post. 11 September 2019. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  154. ↑ THE ZARATHUSHTI WORLD a 2012 demographic picture
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