2018 United States elections: Difference between revisions
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These [[United States midterm election|midterm elections]] took place in the middle of [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] President [[Donald Trump]]'s first term. All 435 seats in the [[United States House of Representatives]] and 35 of the 100 seats in the [[United States Senate]] were contested. In addition, 39 state and territorial [[Governor (United States)|governorships]], as well as numerous other state and local elections, were also contested. |
These [[United States midterm election|midterm elections]] took place in the middle of [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] President [[Donald Trump]]'s first term. All 435 seats in the [[United States House of Representatives]] and 35 of the 100 seats in the [[United States Senate]] were contested. In addition, 39 state and territorial [[Governor (United States)|governorships]], as well as numerous other state and local elections, were also contested. |
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The election saw Democrats take control of the House of Representatives while Republicans added to their majority in the Senate. |
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The election saw Democrats take control of the House of Representatives while Republicans retained control of the Senate. Nate Cohn of ''The New York Times'' characterized the results as a blue [[Wave elections in the United States|wave election]], noting that Democrats performed well given the structural disadvantages in place. Democrats defended a large number of deep red seats in the Senate and faced disadvantages in the House of Representatives due to partisan [[Gerrymandering in the United States|gerrymandering]] and a tendency to win by lopsided margins in urban areas.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/07/upshot/2018-midterms-blue-wave-democrats.html|title=Why Democrats’ Gain Was More Impressive Than It Appears|access-date=2018-11-07|language=en}}</ref> |
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==Issues== |
==Issues== |
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Revision as of 01:14, 8 November 2018
 | This article documents a recent election. Information may change rapidly as the election progresses until official results have been published. Initial news reports may be unreliable, and the last updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. (November 2018) |
| Mid-term elections | |
| Election day | November 6 |
|---|---|
| Senate elections | |
| Seats contested | 33 seats of Class I (+ special elections for 2 seats of Class II) |
 | |
| Seats up for election (general & special): Democratic incumbent running Democratic incumbent retiring Republican incumbent running Republican incumbent retiring Independent incumbent running No election | |
| House elections | |
| Seats contested | All 435 voting seats (+ 5 of 6 non-voting seats) |
| Gubernatorial elections | |
| Seats contested | 39 (36 states, 3 territories) |
 | |
Democratic incumbent eligible for re-election Term-limited or retiring Democrat Republican incumbent eligible for re-election Term-limited or retiring Republican Independent incumbent retiring No election | |
The 2018 United States elections were held in the United States on Tuesday, November 6, 2018, except for certain special elections. All these races, whether for a federal, state, or local office, were administered by the individual state and local governments, which is standard practice in the United States. These midterm elections took place in the middle of Republican President Donald Trump's first term. All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives and 35 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate were contested. In addition, 39 state and territorial governorships, as well as numerous other state and local elections, were also contested.
The election saw Democrats take control of the House of Representatives while Republicans added to their majority in the Senate.
Issues
Campaigns
Advertisements and issues
The 2018 mid-term elections featured a wider range and larger number of campaign advertisements than past mid-term elections.[1] Nearly half of all advertisements by Democrats focused on health care, in particular on defending the Affordable Care Act and keeping in place protections for individuals with preexisting conditions.[2] Almost a third of Republicans ads focused on taxes, in particular the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.[2] According to a report by CNN, "So far in House, Senate and governor races this year, more than $124 million has been spent on more than 280,000 immigration-related TV ad spots... that's more than five times the amount spent during the 2014 midterms, when about $23 million was spent on less than 44,000 spots."[3]
In October 2018, The New York Times and The Washington Post reported that the chief focus of Republican messaging was on fear-mongering over immigration and race. According to The Washington Post, Trump "has settled on a strategy of fear – laced with falsehoods and racially tinged rhetoric – to help lift his party to victory in the coming midterms, part of a broader effort to energize Republican voters."[4] The New York Times wrote, "Mr. Trump and other Republicans are insistently seeking to tie Democrats to unfettered immigration and violent crime, and in some instances this summer and fall they have attacked minority candidates in nakedly racial terms."[5] The Toronto Star reported that as the mid-term elections approached, Trump resorted to "a blizzard of fear-mongering and lies, many of them about darker-skinned foreigners."[6]
Vulnerable Republican candidates who voted in favor of the American Health Care Act of 2017 – which repealed and replaced the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) – sought to defend their votes with what CNN described as "falsehoods and obfuscations."[7] A number of those Republican candidates claimed to support provisions of the Affordable Care Act, such as protections for preexisting conditions, even though they voted for efforts that either weakened or eliminated those provisions.[7]
President Trump and officials campaigning
In May 2018, President Trump began to emphasize his effort to overcome the traditional strength of the non-presidential party in midterm elections, with "top priority for the White House [being to hold] the Republican majority in the Senate". He was already at that time well into his own 2020 reelection campaign, having launched it on inauguration day, 2017. In May, on a trip to Texas for a Houston fundraiser targeting the midterms, he also held a fundraising dinner in Dallas for the 2020 campaign.[8] By early August, the president's midterm efforts had included rallies in Ohio, Pennsylvania, Florida, Montana and elsewhere "reprising the style and rhetoric of his 2016 campaign". Democrats "need to flip 23 seats to capture the speaker's gavel", USA Today put it. The President was addressing the economy, the border wall, the "trade war", "don't believe anything" and the space force in the rallies, per the report.[9]
In late August 2018, controversy surfaced about the degree of campaigning being done on what were termed "official" visits around the country. One report said, traditionally, partisan attacks and endorsements were kept out of official events but that President Trump was not observing that norm. Beyond the norm, one commentator was quoted referring to "laws designed to prevent taxpayer resources from being used for self-serving purposes – in this case, for campaign purposes." White House-recognized individuals "familiar with the president's thinking" spoke without attribution on a conference call and in another call about the campaigning. The individuals identified 35 events by Cabinet and senior staff members "with or affecting House districts in August already ... [all] targeted districts" and described a July 26 Presidential trip, presented as "official", as having been "for" Rep. Rod Blum of Iowa and Rep. Mike Bost of Illinois. The White House (via deputy press secretary Lindsay Walters) responded to the report: "It is unfortunate but ultimately unsurprising that a liberal publication like Huffington Post would make these misleading accusations and misconstrue the intent of the response".[10]
Foreign interference
Russian interference
Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats stated during congressional testimony that "the United States is under attack" from Russian efforts to impact the results of the elections.[11] As of February 13, 2018, six U.S. intelligence agencies unanimously reported their conclusion[12] that Russian personnel are monitoring American electoral systems, and promoting partisan causes on social media.[13]
On May 23, 2018, United States Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, in a committee hearing, warned that the Federal government of the United States was not adequately protected from Russian interference in the 2018 midterms elections, saying, "No responsible government official would ever state that they have done enough to forestall any attack on the United States of America".[14]
On July 26, 2018, Democratic U.S. Senator Claire McCaskill from Missouri alleged that Russian hackers unsuccessfully attempted to break into her Senate email account,[15] confirming a report in The Daily Beast.[16]
On August 2, 2018, the Director of National Intelligence, Dan Coats announced along with FBI Director Christopher Wray at a White House press conference that Russia is actively interfering in the 2018 elections, saying "It is real. It is ongoing."[17]
Also on August 2, 2018, NPR reported that Democratic U.S. Senator Jeanne Shaheen from New Hampshire reported to the FBI several attempts to compromise her campaign[18] including both spearphishing attempts on her staff, and a disturbing incident where someone called her offices "impersonating a Latvian official, trying to set up a meeting to talk to me about Russian sanctions and about Ukraine." Her opposition to Russian aggression and support of sanctions has placed her on an official Russian blacklist.[19]
On August 8, 2018, U.S. Senator Bill Nelson from Florida told the Tampa Bay Times that Russian operatives have penetrated some of Florida's election systems ahead of the 2018 midterm elections. "They have already penetrated certain counties in the state and they now have free rein to move about," Nelson told the newspaper. He also stated that more detailed information is classified.[20] The Russian hackers may be able to prevent some voters from casting votes by removing people from the voter rolls.[21] Nelson provided no evidence of Russian hacking and was criticized by The Washington Post's Fact Checker who gave Nelson's claim four Pinocchios denoting it as an outright lie.[22]
On July 16, 2018, at a summit in Helsinki with Vladimir Putin, U.S. President Donald Trump downplayed the conclusions of the United States Intelligence Community, stating that he believed Putin's repeated denials of interference in American elections. Later, President Trump answered "no" in response to questions asking if he believed Russia would be targeting the midterm elections, but later claimed he was refusing to answer the question, not responding to it. In late July, the President said in a tweet that he's "very concerned" about allegations of Russian meddling, but adding that he believed interference would only benefit Democrats.[23]
Chinese interference
On September 26, 2018, at the United Nations Security Council, Donald Trump accused China of meddling in the upcoming midterm elections in America. Trump claimed that China was trying to damage his political stand prior to the elections as he has imposed tariffs on billions of dollars in Chinese goods.[24] Trump claimed, "they don't want me or us to win because I am the first president to ever challenge China on trade." China’s Foreign Minister, Wang Yi, also present at the meeting denounced the accusation saying, "we did not and will not interfere in any countries' domestic affairs. We refuse to accept any unwarranted accusations against China."[25]
On September 25, 2018, Dan Coats, US Director of National Intelligence issued a warning about China’s cyber activities, calling them "unprecedented in scale" and "among the most active foreign states conducting cyber activities against United States interests."[26] On September 18, 2018, Trump accused China on Twitter for “actively trying to impact and change our election by attacking our farmers, ranchers and industrial workers because of their loyalty to me".[27][28]
Federal elections
The primary season runs from March to September 2018.
Congressional elections
Senate
The 33 senators in Senate Class I were up for election. 23 of the seats to be contested were held by Democrats, and eight by Republicans (three of whom are retiring), with two being independents. The continuing senators are 43 Republican, and 24 Democrat. According to FiveThirtyEight, in 2018, Democrats faced the most unfavorable Senate map that any party has ever faced in any election, as Democrats had to defend 24 Senate seats to eight Republican Senate seats.[29][30]
Additionally, special elections were scheduled for the same day, to fill vacancies in the other two Senate Classes: in Minnesota and Mississippi to fill the seats vacated by Al Franken and Thad Cochran, respectively.
House of Representatives
All 435 voting seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election. Additionally, elections were held to select non-voting delegates for the District of Columbia and the U.S. territories, with the exception of the Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico, who serves a four-year term.
During or prior to the 2018 House election on November 6, there were eight special elections:
- Special election in Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district following the resignation of Tim Murphy (R), held on March 13, 2018; won by Conor Lamb (D).
- Special election in Arizona's 8th congressional district following the resignation of Trent Franks (R), held on April 24, 2018; won by Debbie Lesko (R).
- Special election in Texas's 27th congressional district following the resignation of Blake Farenthold (R), held on June 30, 2018; won by Michael Cloud (R).
- Special election in Ohio's 12th congressional district following the resignation of Pat Tiberi (R), held on August 7, 2018; won by Troy Balderson (R).
- Special election in Michigan's 13th congressional district following the resignation of John Conyers (D), to be held on November 6, 2018, coinciding with the regular elections.
- Special election in Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district following the resignation of Pat Meehan (R), to be held on November 6, 2018, coinciding with the regular elections.
- Special election in Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district following the resignation of Charlie Dent (R), to be held on November 6, 2018, coinciding with the regular elections.
- Special election in New York's 25th congressional district following the death of Louise Slaughter (D), to be held on November 6, 2018, coinciding with the regular elections.
In November 2017, the number of Republican congresspeople announcing their impending retirements or resigning their seats was vastly higher than since the 2006 Congress.[31] Most of these congresspeople faced tough reelection bids in 2018.[31] The number of retirements by Democrats was in line with previous Congresses.[31] The disproportionate number of Republican impending retirements is likely to harm Republican prospects in the 2018 mid-term elections as there will be fewer districts where Republicans have the incumbency advantage.[32][33][34] In the states of Kentucky, Louisiana and North Carolina, there will be no senatorial or gubernatorial elections, leaving House candidates at the top of the ticket.
State elections
The 2018 state elections will impact the redistricting that will follow the 2020 United States Census, as many states task governors and state legislators with drawing new boundaries for state legislative and Congressional districts.
Gubernatorial elections
Elections will be held for the governorships of 36 U.S. states and three U.S. territories, as well as for the Mayor of the District of Columbia.
Legislative elections
87 of the 99 state legislative chambers are holding regularly scheduled elections in 2018, as will six of the nine territorial legislative chambers. Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, and Virginia do not hold regularly scheduled legislative elections in even years. Puerto Rico does not hold regularly scheduled legislative elections outside of presidential election years. Kansas, Minnesota, New Mexico, South Carolina, and American Samoa will only hold elections for their lower houses. In legislative chambers that use staggered terms, only a portion of the seats in the chamber will be up for election.
Ballot measures
157 ballot measures will be voted on in 34 states. These include many initiatives on redistricting reform and voting rights, marijuana, health care, and taxes.[35]
Local elections
Mayoral elections
Major cities that are holding mayoral elections in 2018 include:
- Newark, New Jersey: Incumbent mayor Ras J. Baraka was re-elected to a second term with 77.05% of the vote.
- Phoenix, Arizona: Thelda Williams is the incumbent and acting mayor after Greg Stanton chose to resign on May 29, 2018, to seek election for the United States Congress.
- San Francisco, California (special): London Breed was elected to succeed the deceased mayor Ed Lee.
- Washington, D.C.: Incumbent Muriel Bowser (D) is running for reelection.
- Nashville, Tennessee: Acting Mayor David Briley won election with 54.47%, avoiding a runoff.
Other elections and referenda
Table of state, territorial, and federal results
This table shows the partisan results of Congressional, gubernatorial, and state legislative races held in each state and territory in 2018. Note that not all states and territories hold gubernatorial, state legislative, and United States Senate elections in 2018; additionally, the territories and Washington, D.C. do not elect members of the United States Senate. Washington, D.C. and the five inhabited territories each elect one non-voting member of the United States House of Representatives. Nebraska's unicameral legislature and the governorship and legislature of American Samoa are officially non-partisan. In the table, offices/legislatures that are not up for election in 2018 are already filled in for the "after 2018 elections" section, although vacancies or party switching could potentially lead to a flip in partisan control. Note that at least seven seats in the House of Representatives will be vacant at the time of the election.
| Subdivision and PVI | Before 2018 elections[36] | After 2018 elections[37][38] | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subdivision | PVI[39] | Governor | State leg. | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | Governor | State leg. | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | |
| Alabama | R+14 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 6–1 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 6–1 | |
| Alaska | R+9 | Ind | Split | Rep | Rep 1–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 1–0 | |
| Arizona | R+5 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–4 | Rep | Rep | Dem 5–4 | ||
| Arkansas | R+15 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 4–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 4–0 | |
| California | D+12 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 39–14 | Dem | Dem | Dem | ||
| Colorado | D+1 | Dem | Split | Split | Rep 4–3 | Dem | Dem | Split | Dem 4–3 | |
| Connecticut | D+6 | Dem | Split | Dem | Dem 5–0 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 5–0 | |
| Delaware | D+6 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 1–0 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 1–0 | |
| Florida | R+2 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 15–11 | Rep | Rep | Rep 14–13 | ||
| Georgia | R+5 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 10–4 | Rep | Rep | |||
| Hawaii | D+18 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 2–0 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 2–0 | |
| Idaho | R+19 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 2–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 2–0 | |
| Illinois | D+7 | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 11–7 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 13–5 | |
| Indiana | R+9 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 7–2 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 7–2 | |
| Iowa | R+3 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 3–1 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Dem 3–1 | |
| Kansas | R+13 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 4–0 | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep 3–1 | |
| Kentucky | R+15 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–1 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–1 | |
| Louisiana | R+11 | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–1 | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–1 | |
| Maine | D+3 | Rep | Split | Split R/I[a] | Split 1–1 | Dem | Dem | Split R/I[a] | ||
| Maryland | D+12 | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 7–1 | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 7–1 | |
| Massachusetts | D+12 | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 9–0 | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 9–0 | |
| Michigan | D+1 | Rep | Rep | Dem | Rep 9–4 | Dem | Rep | Dem | Split 7–7 | |
| Minnesota | D+1 | Dem | Rep | Dem | Dem 5–3 | Dem | Split | Dem | Dem 5-3 | |
| Mississippi | R+9 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 3–1 | Rep | Rep | Rep 3–1 | ||
| Missouri | R+9 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 6–2 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 6–2 | |
| Montana | R+11 | Dem | Rep | Split | Rep 1–0 | Dem | Rep | Split | Rep 1–0 | |
| Nebraska | R+14 | Rep | NP | Rep | Rep 3–0 | Rep | NP | Rep | Rep 3–0 | |
| Nevada | D+1 | Rep | Dem | Split | Dem 3–1 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 3–1 | |
| New Hampshire | Even | Rep | Rep | Dem | Dem 2–0 | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 2–0 | |
| New Jersey | D+7 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 7–5 | Dem | Dem | Dem | ||
| New Mexico | D+3 | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 2–1 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 2–1 | |
| New York | D+11 | Dem | Split | Dem | Dem 17–9 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 21–6 | |
| North Carolina | R+3 | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep 10–3 | Dem | Rep | Rep | ||
| North Dakota | R+17 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 1–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 1–0 | |
| Ohio | R+3 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 12–4 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 12–4 | |
| Oklahoma | R+20 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 4–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 4–1 | |
| Oregon | D+5 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 4–1 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 4–1 | |
| Pennsylvania | Even | Dem | Rep | Split | Rep 10–6 | Dem | Rep | Split | Split 9–9 | |
| Rhode Island | D+10 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 2–0 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 2–0 | |
| South Carolina | R+8 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 6–1 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–2 | |
| South Dakota | R+14 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 1–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 1–0 | |
| Tennessee | R+14 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 7–2 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 7–2 | |
| Texas | R+8 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 25–11 | Rep | Rep | Rep | ||
| Utah | R+20 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 4–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | ||
| Vermont | D+15 | Rep | Dem | Split D/I[b] | Dem 1–0 | Rep | Dem | Split D/I[b] | Dem 1–0 | |
| Virginia | D+1 | Dem | Rep | Dem | Rep 7–4 | Dem | Rep | Dem | Dem 7–4 | |
| Washington | D+7 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 6–4 | Dem | Dem | Dem | ||
| West Virginia | R+20 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 2–0 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 3–0 | |
| Wisconsin | Even | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 5–3 | Dem | Rep | Split | Rep 5–3 | |
| Wyoming | R+25 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 1–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 1–0 | |
| United States | Even | N/A | N/A | Rep 51-49[c] | Rep 235-193 | N/A | N/A | Rep | Dem | |
| Washington, D.C. | D+43 | Dem[d] | Dem[d] | — | Dem | Dem | Dem | — | Dem | |
| American Samoa | — | NP | NP | Rep | NP | NP | ||||
| Guam | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | |||||
| N. Mariana Islands | Rep | Split | Ind | |||||||
| Puerto Rico | PNP/D | Split | PNP/R | PNP/D | Split | PNP/R | ||||
| U.S. Virgin Islands | Ind | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | |||||
| Subdivision | PVI | Governor | State leg. | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | Governor | State leg. | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | |
| Subdivision and PVI | Before 2018 elections | After 2018 elections | ||||||||
Records
The Center for Responsive Politics, projected that a total of more than $5.2 billion was spent by campaigns leading up to the elections, and 2018 is projected to be the most expensive elections in United States history, breaking the previous record from 2016 of $4.4 billion.[40]
On November 3, it was reported that the number of early voters was 31.5 million, which broke the 2014 record,[41] the number was raised to about 40 million ballots on November 6.[42] Some states such as Texas and Nevada, have reported having more early ballots already processed than those who voted at all in the 2014 midterm election.[42] A professor from the University of Florida, has projected that the voter turn out on Election day will be between 45–50% turnout, which had not been as high since the 1966 midterm election.[43]
The election included a number of historic firsts. Sharice Davids (KS-D) and Debra Haaland (NM-D) are the first Native American women to be elected to Congress. Rashida Tlaib (MI-D) and Ilhan Omar (MN-D) were elected to be the first female Muslim representatives and Jared Polis (CO-D) was elected to be the first openly gay male governor. Furthermore, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (NY-D) became the youngest woman ever elected to Congress.[44]
Notes
- ^ a b One of Maine's senators, Susan Collins, is a Republican. The other senator from Maine, Angus King, is an independent who has caucused with the Democrats since taking office in 2013.
- ^ a b One of Vermont's senators, Patrick Leahy, is a Democrat. The other senator from Vermont, Bernie Sanders, was elected as an independent and has caucused with the Democrats since taking office in 2007.
- ^ Prior the 2018 elections, the Republican Senate caucus consisted of 51 Republicans. The Democratic Senate caucus consisted of 47 Democrats and 2 independents.
- ^ a b Washington, D.C. does not elect a governor or state legislature, but it does elect a mayor and a city council.
References
- ^ Pogkas, Demetrios; Ingold, David (November 2, 2018). "What the 2018 Campaign Advertisments Look Like in Your Hometown". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved November 6, 2018.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ a b McGill, Brian; Bykowicz, Julie (October 9, 2018). "Health Care Crowds Out Jobs, Taxes in Midterm Ads". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved October 9, 2018.
- ^ Catherine E. Shoichet. "No, you're not crazy. There are way more campaign ads about immigration this year". CNN.
- ^ "Trump and Republicans settle on fear – and falsehoods – as a midterm strategy". Washington Post. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ "Trump and G.O.P. Candidates Escalate Race and Fear as Election Ploys". Retrieved October 24, 2018.
- ^ "Donald Trump's strategy as midterms approach: lies and fear-mongering". thestar.com. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
- ^ a b CNN, Eric Bradner, Gregory Krieg and Tami Luhby. "Republicans' health care strategy for the midterms: Fear and misdirection". CNN. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
{{cite news}}:|last=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Zeleny, Jeff,, Sarah Westwood and Pamela Brown, "Unprecedented? Trump aims to defy midterm campaign history", CNN, May 31, 2018. Retrieved 2018-08-22.
- ^ Fritze, John, "Trump's midterm message: Five things the president is telling voters", USA Today, August 11, 2018. Retrieved 2018-08-22.
- ^ Date, S.V., "White House Admits Trump Is Using Official Events For Midterm Campaigning", Huffington Post, August 22, 2018. Retrieved 2018-08-22.
- ^ Schlesinger, Robert (February 13, 2018). "'Frankly, the United States Is Under Attack': U.S. intelligence chiefs warn of Russian 2018 election interference about which Trump remains unmoved". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
- ^ Herb, Jeremy (February 13, 2018). "US intel chiefs unanimous that Russia is targeting 2018 elections". CNN. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
- ^ Rosenberg, Matthew; Fandos, Nicholas (February 13, 2018). "Russia Sees Midterm Elections as Chance to Sow Fresh Discord, Intelligence Chiefs Warn". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
- ^ Cohen, Zachary; Koran, Laura (May 23, 2018). "Pompeo says the US has not done enough to protect 2018 elections". CNN.
- ^ Eli, Watkins (July 26, 2018). "Claire McCaskill says attempted Russia hacking on her office 'not successful'". CNN.
- ^ Desiderio, Andrew; Poulsen, Kevin (July 26, 2018). "Russian Hackers' New Target: a Vulnerable Democratic Senator" – via www.thedailybeast.com.
- ^ Kirby, Jen (August 2, 2018). "The US intel chief just said Russian interference is "continuing"". Vox.
- ^ Mak, Tim (August 2, 2018). "This Is 'Not Fine': New Evidence Of Russian Interference Meets Inaction, Frustration". NPR.
- ^ Desiderio, Andrew; Poulsen, Kevin (July 30, 2018). "Mystery Sting Targets U.S. Senator for Dirt on Russia Sanctions" – via www.thedailybeast.com.
- ^ Leary, Alex; Bousquet, Steve; Wilson, Kirby (August 8, 2018). "Bill Nelson: The Russians have penetrated some Florida voter registration systems". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
- ^ Diaz, Daniella; Marquardt, Alex (August 9, 2018). "Dem senator: Russians 'penetrated' Florida voter systems". CNN.
- ^ "Analysis - Has Russia hacked into Florida's election system? There is no evidence". Washington Post.
- ^ CNN, Jeremy Diamond,. "Trump suddenly says he's 'very concerned' about 2018 Russian interference". CNN. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
{{cite news}}:|last=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Trump Accuses China of Interfering in Midterm Elections". The New York Times. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
- ^ "Trump accuses China of election 'meddling' against him". BBC News. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
- ^ "DNI Dan Coats warns China cyber activities target U.S. state, local governments". CBS News. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
- ^ "Donald Trump Twitter". Retrieved September 18, 2018.
- ^ "Donald Trump Twitter". Retrieved September 18, 2018.
- ^ Wasserman, David (August 7, 2017). "The Congressional Map Has A Record-Setting Bias Against Democrats". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
- ^ "Republicans Are Favorites In The Senate, But Democrats Have Two Paths To An Upset". FiveThirtyEight. September 12, 2018. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
- ^ a b c CNN, Sam Petulla and Jennifer Hansler,. "There is a wave of Republicans leaving Congress". CNN. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
{{cite news}}:|last=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Rakich, Nathaniel (September 12, 2017). "The Recent Rush Of GOP Retirements Is Good For Democrats". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
- ^ Cohn, Nate (September 29, 2017). "Why Retirements May Hold the Key in Whether Republicans Can Keep the House". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
- ^ Hank Berrien (June 29, 2018). "WOW: Survey Finds Among White Millenial Men, 23% Move From Dems To GOP In Last Two Years". Daily Wire.
- ^ "2018 ballot measures - Ballotpedia". Ballotpedia. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
- ^ "2017 State & Legislative Partisan Composition" (PDF). National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
- ^ "2018 State & Legislative Partisan Composition" (PDF). NCSL. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
- ^ "2018 Midterm Election Results: Live". New York Times. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
- ^ Coleman, Miles. "2016 State PVI Changes". Decision Desk HQ. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
- ^ Gal, Shayanne (November 3, 2018). "The 2018 midterms will be the most expensive in history – here are the candidates who have raised and spent the most money since Trump's election". Business Insider. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
- ^ Cranley, Ellen (November 3, 2018). "Here are all the states where you can vote early in the midterm elections". Business Insider. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
- ^ a b Timmons, Heather (November 6, 2018). "Early voting breaks all previous records in the US's 2018 midterm elections — Quartz". qz.com. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ Montanaro, Domenico (October 18, 2018). "Voter Turnout Could Hit 50-Year Record For Midterm Elections". NPR.org. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
- ^ "How the mid-term elections broke records". BBC News. November 7, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2018.