2016 in paleomammalogy

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This article records new taxa of fossil mammals of every kind that have been described during the year 2016, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of mammals that occurred in the year 2016.

Metatherians

Research

A near-complete skull, a snout and two maxillae assigned to the species Didelphodon vorax are described from the Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation (Montana and North Dakota, United States) by Wilson et al. (2016).^[1]
Description of a new specimen of Malleodectes mirabilis and a study of phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Archer et al. (2016).^[2]
A study on the shape of the elbow joint of Thylacoleo carnifex and its implications for the predatory behavior of the species is published by Figueirido, Martín-Serra & Janis (2016).^[3]
Claw marks are described from the Tight Entrance Cave (southwestern Australia) by Arman & Prideaux (2016), who interpret the marks as left by the marsupial lions.^[4]
A study evaluating whether the climate changes were the primary driver of Pleistocene megafauna extinctions in Australia is published by Saltré et al. (2016).^[5]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Chaeropus baynesi^[6]^[7]	Sp. nov	Valid	Travouillon	Late Pliocene to early Pleistocene	Moorna Formation	Australia	A relative of the pig-footed bandicoot.
Chimeralestes^[8]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[9]	Engelman, Anaya & Croft	Miocene	Honda Group	Bolivia	A palaeothentid paucituberculate. Genus includes new species C. ambiguus.
Cookeroo^[10]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Butler et al.	Oligocene-Miocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area	Australia	A member of Macropodidae. Genus includes Cookeroo bulwidarri and Cookeroo hortusensis.
Ektopodon tommosi^[11]	Sp. nov	Valid	Pledge	Late Oligocene	Namba Formation	Australia	A member of Phalangeroidea belonging to the family Ektopodontidae.
Gumardee richi^[12]	Sp. nov	Valid	Travouillon et al.	Early Miocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area	Australia	A member of Potoroinae.
Gumardee springae^[12]	Sp. nov	Valid	Travouillon et al.	Late Oligocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area	Australia	A member of Potoroinae.
Gurbanodelta^[13]	Gen. et sp. nov		Ni et al.	Late Paleocene (Gashatan)		China	A probable member of the deltatheroidan family Deltatheridiidae. The type species is G. kara.
Kutjamarcoot^[14]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Chamberlain et al.	Early Miocene	Wipajiri Formation	Australia	A bandicoot. The type species is Kutjamarcoot brevirostrum.
Lemdubuoryctes^[15]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Kear, Aplin & Westerman	Latest Pleistocene to Holocene		Indonesia	Originally described as a member of the stem group of Peramelemorphia. The type species is L. aruensis. Travouillon & Phillips (2018) transferred this species to the genus Peroryctes.^[16]
Microleo^[17]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Gillespie, Archer & Hand	Early Miocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area	Australia	A member of Thylacoleonidae. The type species is M. attenboroughi.
Minusculodelphis modicum^[18]	Sp. nov	Valid	Oliveira, Zimicz & Goin	Itaboraian	Itaboraí Formation	Brazil	A member of Jaskhadelphyidae, a species of Minusculodelphis.
Palaeothentes relictus^[8]	Sp. nov	Valid^[9]	Engelman, Anaya & Croft	Miocene	Honda Group	Bolivia	A palaeothentid paucituberculate.
Palaeothentes serratus^[8]	Sp. nov	Valid^[9]	Engelman, Anaya & Croft	Miocene	Honda Group	Bolivia	A palaeothentid paucituberculate.
Stelakoala^[19]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Black	Middle Miocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area	Australia	A member of Phascolarctidae. The type species is S. riversleighensis.
Whollydooleya^[20]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Archer et al.	Possibly middle or late Miocene		Australia	A member of Dasyuridae of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is W. tomnpatrichorum.

Eutherians

Research

A study on the date of the origin of the Placentalia and an analysis of the effect of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event on placental evolution is published by Halliday, Upchurch & Goswami (2016).^[21]
A study on the influence of the methods used to establish divergence dates on the studies reconstructing body-size evolution of the Cretaceous and Paleogene eutherian mammals is published by Halliday & Goswami (2016).^[22]
A study on the relationship between the primary productivity of plant communities and the diversity of terrestrial large mammals in North America and Europe through the Neogene is published by Fritz et al. (2016).^[23]
Studies of the phylogenetic relationships of the glyptodonts within Xenarthra, indicating that the glyptodonts were nested within the armadillo crown group, are published by Delsuc et al. (2016)^[24] and Mitchell et al. (2016).^[25]
A description of new fossil material of Abdounodus hamdii and a study of its phylogenetic relationships is published by Gheerbrant, Filippo & Schmitt (2016).^[26]
A description of new fossil material of Palaeoamasia kansui and a study of phylogenetic relationships of embrithopods is published by Erdal, Antoine & Sen (2016).^[27]
A study on the patterns of mastication in Neogene and Quaternary proboscideans as indicated by the anatomy of their teeth is published by von Koenigswald (2016).^[28]
Part of a humerus of a large proboscidean, probably a member of the genus Deinotherium, is described from the Miocene of Finland by Salonen et al., representing the northernmost record of a Miocene proboscidean fossil in the world so far.^[29]
Presence of lower incisors is reported in immature individuals of Cuvieronius hyodon by Mothé, Ferretti & Avilla (2018).^[30]
A study on the diet of Platybelodon grangeri, as indicated by data from molar microwear analysis of tooth enamel, is published by Semprebon et al. (2016).^[31]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships and mitogenomic diversity of North American mammoths, as well as its implications for mammoth population structure and dynamics during the late Pleistocene, is published by Enk et al. (2016).^[32]
A study on the timing, causes, and consequences of the Holocene extinction of the relict woolly mammoth population from Saint Paul Island (Alaska) is published by Graham et al. (2016).^[33]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the unallocated fossil species of the Old World leaf-nosed bats, particularly Miocene species from Riversleigh (Australia) is published by Wilson et al. (2016).^[34]
A complete skull of the macraucheniid Huayqueriana cf. H. cristata is described from the Huayquerian Huayquerías Formation (Argentina) by Forasiepi et al. (2016).^[35]
A study on the dentaries of several juvenile specimens of Prosantorhinus germanicus from the Miocene fossil lagerstätte Sandelzhausen (Germany) is published by Böhmer, Heissig & Rössner (2016), who reconstruct the tooth replacement pattern, life history and juvenile mortality profile of this taxon.^[36]
An osteological study on the Pleistocene camelid fossils reported from Alaska and Yukon, assigned to the species Camelops hesternus, is published by Zazula et al. (2016).^[37]
New fossil material of the Pleistocene wildebeest-like bovid Rusingoryx atopocranion is described from the Rusinga Island (Kenya) by O’Brien et al. (2016), who note the presence of large, hollow, bony nasal crests in this mammal, similar to crests present in hadrosaurid dinosaurs.^[38]
A study on the age and phylogenetic relationships of late Pleistocene bison fossils from North America and their implications for establishing when the Pleistocene ice free corridor along the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains was open is published by Heintzman et al. (2016).^[39]
Studies on the origin and evolutionary history of the European bison based on ancient DNA recovered from bison fossils are published by Soubrier et al. (2016)^[40] and Massilani et al. (2016).^[41]
A study on the diet and evolution of ecologically-relevant traits in members of the genus Hoplitomeryx as indicated by tooth wear, hypsodonty and body mass estimations is published by DeMiguel (2016).^[42]
Basu, Falkingham & Hutchinson (2016) present a reconstruction of the skeleton of Sivatherium giganteum and estimate adult body mass of members of the species.^[43]
A study estimating the ability of the cetacean Ambulocetus and the desmostylians Paleoparadoxia, Neoparadoxia and Desmostylus to support themselves on land as indicated by the strengths of their rib cages against vertical compression is published by Ando & Fujiwara (2016).^[44]
A study on the cochlear anatomy of a xenorophid specimen from the Oligocene Belgrade Formation in North Carolina (subsequently assigned to the genus Echovenator^[45]) and its implications for the evolution of high-frequency hearing and echolocation in early toothed whales is published by Park, Fitzgerald & Evans (2016).^[46]
Description of an early Miocene dolphin from Kaikoura (New Zealand), closely related to Papahu taitapu, and a study of the phylogenetic relationships of Papahu is published by Tanaka & Fordyce (2016).^[47]
Description of a new skull of the Pliocene porpoise Numataphocoena yamashitai recovered from the Horokaoshirarika Formation (Hokkaido, Japan) and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of the species is published by Tanaka & Ichishima (2016).^[48]
A new aetiocetid specimen is described from the late Oligocene Pysht Formation (Washington, United States) by Marx et al. (2016), who interpret its tooth wear as inconsistent with the presence of baleen, and instead indicative of suction feeding.^[49]
A study on the evolution of large body size in early baleen whale evolution is published by Tsai & Kohno (2016).^[50]
A study on the anatomy of the ear region of Miocaperea pulchra and its implications for the proposed origin of the pygmy right whale from the cetotheriids is published by Marx & Fordyce (2016).^[51]
A study on the baleen microstructures found in association with the skeleton of a late Miocene balaenopteroid whale recovered from the Pisco Formation (Peru) is published by Gioncada et al. (2016).^[52]
A study on the anatomy and paleobiology of the Eocene pangolin Patriomanis americana is published by Gaudin, Emry & Morris (2016).^[53]
A revision of the systematics of the North American members of Nimravidae is published by Barrett (2016).^[54]
A study on the bone thickness of dentary bones of the specimens of Smilodon fatalis recovered from the La Brea Tar Pits and its implications for the changes in the diet of the saber-toothed cats through the time-periods that are captured at this site, is published by Binder, Cervantes & Meachen (2016).^[55]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the cave lion, based on the first mitochondrial genome sequences for this taxon, is published by Barnett et al. (2016).^[56]
A description of new bear dog fossils from the early Miocene of Uganda and Namibia and a systematic revision of the Miocene bear dogs known from Africa is published by Morales, Pickford & Valenciano (2016).^[57]
A description of new fossil material of Megalictis ferox and a study of phylogenetic relationships of the oligobunine mustelids is published by Valenciano et al. (2016).^[58]
A study on the feeding strategy of the arctoid Kolponomos is published by Tseng, Grohe & Flynn (2016).^[59]
A study of phylogenetic relationships of bears belonging to the genus Arctotherium, indicating that they were more closely related to the spectacled bear than to short-faced bears, is published by Mitchell et al. (2016).^[60]
A study on the anatomy of the auditory region of the Pleistocene bear Arctotherium tarijense is published by Arnaudo et al. (2016).^[61]
A description of the most recent cave bear remains reported so far, recovered from the Stajnia Cave (Poland), and a study on the cave bear’s extinction time is published by Baca et al. (2016).^[62]
A study on the diet of the cave bears, as indicated by the morphology of their mandibles, is published by van Heteren et al. (2016).^[63]
A study on the anatomy of Enaliarctos and its implications for the evolution of tooth spacing, tooth size and pierce-feeding in pinnipeds is published by Churchill & Clementz (2016).^[64]
A study on the enamel ultrastructure in modern eared seals and extinct Pelagiarctos is published by Loch et al. (2016).^[65]
Fossils of an earless seal belonging to the tribe Miroungini (the tribe containing elephant seals) are described from the late Pliocene Petane Formation (New Zealand) by Boessenecker & Churchill (2016), representing the oldest record of Miroungini reported so far.^[66]
Virtual cranial endocasts of the Eocene rodents Paramys copei and Paramys delicatus are described by Bertrand, Amador-Mughal and Silcox (2016).^[67]
The taxonomic revision of the fossil New World porcupines known from North America is published by Sussman et al. (2016), who transfer the species Erethizon kleini Frazier (1981) and Erethizon poyeri Hulbert (1997), as well as specimens previously identified as North American porcupines from Irvingtonian faunas in Florida and Aguascalientes, Mexico, to the genus Coendou.^[68]
Virtual cranial endocasts of the notharctines Notharctus tenebrosus and Smilodectes gracilis, as well as the adapid adapiform Adapis parisiensis are reconstructed by Harrington et al. (2016).^[69]
Eocene (Ypresian) adapoid and omomyid limb bones are described from the Vastan lignite mine (Gujarat, India) by Dunn et al. (2016).^[70]
Isolated teeth of a member of the genus Cebus and a member of the genus Cebuella are described from the Miocene (Mayoan) Pebas Formation (Peru) by Marivaux et al. (2016).^[71]
Fossils of the probable relative of the gorillas, Chororapithecus abyssinicus, are dated to ~8.0 Myr by Katoh et al. (2016).^[72]
Fossils of Homo floresiensis and the deposits containing them are dated to between about 100 000 and 60 000 years ago by Sutikna et al. (2016).^[73]
Hominin fossils similar in most dimensions and morphological characteristics to those of Homo floresiensis are described from the early Middle Pleistocene site in Flores, Indonesia by van den Bergh et al. (2016).^[74]^[75]
A study on the cause of death of the Australopithecus afarensis specimen Lucy is published by Kappelman et al. (2016).^[76]
A study on the bone structural properties of the femur and humerus of the Australopithecus afarensis specimen Lucy and its implications for the locomotor behavior and ecology of the species is published by Ruff et al. (2016).^[77]
A study on the locomotor mechanics and footprint formation of the tracemaker of the Pliocene Laetoli footprints is published by Hatala, Demes & Richmond (2016).^[78]
Pliocene hominin tracks discovered in the new site at Laetoli locality are described by Masao et al. (2016), who estimate the height of one of the trackmakers to be about 1.65 metres, thus exceeding previous estimates for Australopithecus afarensis.^[79]
A study on the phylogenetic relationships of Homo naledi is published by Dembo et al. (2017).^[80]
1.5-million-year-old footprint assemblages produced by at least 20 different individuals of Homo erectus are described from multiple sites near Ileret, Kenya by Hatala et al. (2016).^[81]
A study on the tracks of Homo erectus from Ileret, indicating repeated use of lakeshore habitats by members of this species, is published by Roach et al. (2016).^[82]
A study on genomes of a Neanderthal and a Denisovan from the Altai Mountains in Siberia and on sequences of chromosome 21 of two Neanderthals from Spain and Croatia, and on their implications for the knowledge of gene flow events between modern and archaic humans, is published by Kuhlwilm et al. (2019).^[83]

New taxa

Xenarthrans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Aymaratherium^[84]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Pujos et al.	Montehermosan	Umala Formation	Bolivia	A member of Nothrotheriidae. The type species is Aymaratherium jeani.
Parutaetus punaensis^[85]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ciancio et al.	Middle–late Eocene	Geste Formation	Argentina	An armadillo belonging to the subfamily Euphractinae; a species of Parutaetus.
Punatherium^[85]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ciancio et al.	Middle–late Eocene	Geste Formation	Argentina	An armadillo of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Punatherium catamarquensis.

Afrotherians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Aphanobelodon^[86]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[87]	Wang et al.	Middle Miocene	Zhangenbao Formation	China	A member of Amebelodontidae. The type species is A. zhaoi.
Eurybelodon^[88]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lambert	Miocene (late Clarendonian)	Juntura Formation	United States ( Oregon)	A gomphothere. The type species is Eurybelodon shoshanii.
Konobelodon robustus^[89]	Sp. nov	Valid	Wang et al.	Late Miocene	Liushu Formation	China	A gomphothere, a species of Konobelodon.
Lentiarenium^[90]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Voss in Voss, Berning & Reiter	Oligocene (Chattian)	Linz-Melk Formation	Austria	A member of Sirenia belonging to the family Dugongidae. The type species is "Halitherium" cristolii Fitzinger (1842).
Prototherium ausetanum^[91]	Sp. nov	Valid	Balaguer & Alba	Eocene		Spain	A member of Dugongidae, a species of Prototherium.
Sinomammut^[92]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mothé et al.	Late Miocene	Xihe-Lixian Basin	China	A member of Mammutidae. The type species is Sinomammut tobieni.
Sinomastodon praeintermedius^[93]	Sp. nov	Valid	Wang et al.	Late Miocene	Zhaotong Formation	China	A gomphothere, a species of Sinomastodon.

Bats

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Aegyptonycteris^[94]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Simmons, Seiffert & Gunnell	Eocene (Priabonian)	Birket Qarun Formation	Egypt	An omnivorous bat belonging to the family Aegyptonycteridae. The type species is Aegyptonycteris knightae.
Chambinycteris^[95]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ravel in Ravel et al.	Eocene		Tunisia	A bat of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is C. pusilli.
Drakonycteris^[95]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ravel in Ravel et al.	Eocene		Algeria	A bat of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is D. glibzegdouensis.
Hipposideros (Pseudorhinolophus) africanum^[95]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ravel in Ravel et al.	Eocene		Tunisia	A roundleaf bat.
Hipposideros (Pseudorhinolophus) amenhotepos^[96]	Sp. nov	Valid	Gunnell et al.	Miocene		Egypt	A roundleaf bat.
Khoufechia^[95]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ravel in Ravel et al.	Eocene		Tunisia	A member of Nycteridae. The type species is K. gunnelli.
?Necromantis fragmentum^[95]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ravel in Ravel et al.	Eocene		Tunisia	A member of Necromantidae.
?Palaeophyllophora tunisiensis^[95]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ravel in Ravel et al.	Eocene		Tunisia	A member of Hipposideridae.
Premonycteris^[97]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Hand et al.	Eocene (late Ypresian)		France	A vesper bat. The type species is P. vesper.
Pseudovespertiliavus^[95]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ravel in Ravel et al.	Eocene		Algeria	A sac-winged bat. The type species is P. parva.
Synemporion^[98]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ziegler, Howarth & Simmons	Middle Pleistocene to late Holocene		United States ( Hawaii)	A vesper bat. The type species is Synemporion keana.
?Vespertiliavus aenigma^[95]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ravel in Ravel et al.	Eocene		Tunisia	A sac-winged bat.
Vespertiliavus kasserinensis^[95]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ravel in Ravel et al.	Eocene		Tunisia	A sac-winged bat.

Odd-toed ungulates

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Cadurcodon maomingensis^[99]	Sp. nov	Valid	Averianov et al.	Eocene	Youganwo Formation	China	A member of Amynodontidae.
Hipparion philippus^[100]	Sp. nov	Valid	Koufos & Vlachou	Miocene (early Turolian)		Greece	A member of Equidae, a species of Hipparion.
Hipparion sithonis^[100]	Sp. nov	Valid	Koufos & Vlachou	Miocene (early Turolian)		Greece	A member of Equidae, a species of Hipparion.
Pappaceras meiomenus^[101]	Sp. nov		Wang et al.	Late Early Eocene	Arshanto Formation	China	A member of Rhinocerotoidea belonging to the family Paraceratheriidae.
Propalaeotherium sudrei^[102]	Sp. nov	Valid	Remy, Krasovec & Marandat	Eocene		France	A member of Palaeotheriidae.
Victoriaceros hooijeri^[103]	Sp. nov	Valid	Geraads et al.	Early Miocene		Kenya	A rhinoceros, tentatively assigned to the genus Victoriaceros.
Xylotitan^[104]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mihlbachler & Samuels	Eocene	Clarno Formation	United States ( Oregon)	A member of Brontotheriidae. Genus includes new species X. cenosus.

Even-toed ungulates

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Bransatochoerus^[105]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Pickford			France	A member of Suoidea belonging to the family Doliochoeridae (previously called the Palaeochoeridae); a new genus for "Palaeocherus" meissneri mut. elaverensis Viret (1929) (in the rank of the species Bransatochoerus elaverensis).
Celebochoerus cagayanensis^[106]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ingicco in Ingicco et al.	Middle Pleistocene	Awidon Mesa Formation	Philippines	A member of Suidae.
Diplobunops kardoula^[107]	Sp. nov	Valid	Emery, Davis & Hopkins	Eocene (Duchesnean)		United States ( Oregon)	An agriochoerid oreodont, a species of Diplobunops.
Dorcatherium maliki^[108]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kostopoulos & Sen	Miocene (Vallesian)	Ergene Formation	Turkey	A chevrotain.
Fremdohyus^[109]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Prothero	Arikareean	John Day Formation	United States ( Oregon)	A peccary. A new genus for "Thinohyus" osmonti Sinclair (1905).
Honanotherium bernori^[110]	Sp. nov	Valid	Solounias & Danowitz	Late Miocene		Iran	A member of Giraffidae, a species of Honanotherium.
Magwetherium^[111]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ducrocq et al.	Eocene	Pondaung Formation	Myanmar	A diacodexeid dichobunoid. The type species is Magwetherium burmense.
Megaloceros stavropolensis^[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Titov & Shvyreva	Early Pleistocene (late Villafranchian)		Russia ( Stavropol Krai)	A deer. Originally described as a species of Megaloceros; Croitor (2018) transferred this species to the genus Arvernoceros.^[113]
Nabotherium^[114]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Sileem et al.	Early Oligocene	Jebel Qatrani Formation	Egypt	An anthracothere; a new genus for "Rhagatherium" aegyptiacum Andrews (1906).
Prolibytherium fusus^[115]	Sp. nov	Valid	Danowitz, Domalski & Solounias	Early Miocene		Pakistan	A member of Ruminantia, a species of Prolibytherium.
Protovis^[116]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wang, Li & Takeuchi	Pliocene	Zanda Basin	China	A relative of the sheep. The type species is Protovis himalayensis.
Retroporcus^[117]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Pickford	Miocene		Austria France Germany India Pakistan Serbia Spain Switzerland Turkey	A tetraconodontine suid. The type species is Retroporcus complutensis Pickford & Laurent (2014); genus also contains "Conohyus" sindiensis Lydekker, 1884 and Hyotherium soemmeringi matritensis Golpe-Posse, 1972 (recombined as a separate species Retroporcus matritensis). The generic name was originally published in an article from 2014,^[118] but without the diagnosis, necessitating its validation in a later publication.^[117]

Cetaceans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Acrophyseter robustus^[119]	Sp. nov	Valid^[120]	Lambert, Bianucci & De Muizon	Miocene (late Serravallian–Tortonian)	Pisco Formation	Peru
Arktocara^[121]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Boersma & Pyenson	Oligocene (probably Chattian)	Poul Creek Formation	United States ( Alaska)	A member of Platanistoidea related to Allodelphis. The type species is A. yakataga.
Awadelphis^[122]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Murakami	Latest Miocene	Senhata Formation	Japan	A member of Inioidea. The type species is A. hirayamai.
Awamokoa^[123]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[124]	Tanaka & Fordyce	Late Oligocene	Kokoamu Greensand	New Zealand	A member of Platanistoidea. The type species is A. tokarahi.
Chavinziphius^[125]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bianucci et al.	Late Miocene	Pisco Formation	Peru	A beaked whale. The type species is C. maxillocristatus.
Chimuziphius^[125]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bianucci et al.	Late Miocene	Pisco Formation	Peru	A beaked whale. The type species is C. coloradensis.
Dagonodum^[126]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ramassamy	Late Miocene	Gram Formation	Denmark	A beaked whale. Genus includes new species D. mojnum.
Echovenator^[127]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Churchill et al.	Late Oligocene	Chandler Bridge Formation	United States ( South Carolina)	A member of Xenorophidae. The type species is E. sandersi.
Fragilicetus^[128]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bisconti & Bosselaers	Early Pliocene	Kattendijk Sands	Belgium	A member of Balaenopteridae showing a mix of morphological characters that is intermediate between those of Eschrichtiidae and those of Balaenopteridae. The type species is Fragilicetus velponi.
Goedertius^[129]	Gen. et. sp. nov	Valid	Kimura & Barnes	Miocene (late Aquitanian)	Nye Formation	United States ( Oregon)	A member of Allodelphinidae. The type species is Goedertius oregonensis.
Incakujira^[130]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Marx & Kohno	Miocene	Pisco Formation	Peru	A rorqual. The type species is I. anillodefuego.
Mammalodon hakataramea^[131]	Sp. nov	Valid	Fordyce & Marx	Oligocene (Duntroonian, 27 Ma)	Kokoamu Greensand	New Zealand	A species of Mammalodon, a member of Mammalodontidae.
Matapanui^[132]^[133]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[134]	Boessenecker & Fordyce	Oligocene (latest Whaingaroan, 28.1–27.3 Ma)	Kokoamu Greensand	New Zealand	A member of Eomysticetidae. The type species is M. waihao.
Mesoplodon posti^[135]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lambert & Louwye	Pliocene (Zanclean)		Belgium	A mesoplodont whale.
Metopocetus hunteri^[136]	Sp. nov	Valid	Marx, Bosselaers & Louwye	Miocene (late Tortonian)	Breda Formation	Netherlands	A member of Cetotheriidae, a species of Metopocetus.
Mithridatocetus^[137]	Gen. et sp. et comb. nov	Valid	Gol'din & Startsev	Miocene (Tortonian)	Chersonian Formation	Ukraine Russia	A member of Cetotheriidae. Genus includes new species M. eichwaldi, as well as "Kurdalagonus" adygeicus Tarasenko & Lopatin (2012) and "Cetotherium" mayeri (a nomen dubium).
Ninjadelphis^[129]	Gen. et. sp. nov	Valid	Kimura & Barnes	Miocene (late Burdigalian)	Hiramatsu Formation	Japan	A member of Allodelphinidae. The type species is Ninjadelphis ujiharai.
Rayanistes^[138]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bebej et al.	Eocene (Lutetian)	Midawara Formation	Egypt	A member of Remingtonocetidae. The type species is Rayanistes afer.
Sitsqwayk^[139]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Peredo & Uhen	Late Oligocene	Pysht Formation	United States ( Washington)	A basal member of Chaeomysticeti. The type species is S. cornishorum.
Whakakai^[140]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Tsai & Fordyce	Oligocene (Chattian)	Kokoamu Greensand	New Zealand	A baleen whale. The type species is Whakakai waipata.
Zarhinocetus donnamatsonae^[129]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kimura & Barnes	Miocene (late Burdigalian-early Langhian)	Astoria Formation	United States ( Washington)	A member of Allodelphinidae.

Carnivorans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Actiocyon parverratis^[141]	Sp. nov	Valid	Smith, Czaplewski & Cifelli	Miocene (Barstovian)	Monarch Mill Formation	United States ( Nevada)	A simocyonine ailurid (a relative of the red panda), a species of Actiocyon.
Alagtsavbaatar^[142]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Egi et al.	Late Eocene	Ergilin Dzo Formation	Mongolia	A member of Feliformia. The type species is "Stenoplesictis" indigenus Dashzeveg (1996).
Angelarctocyon^[143]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Tomiya & Tseng	Eocene (Duchesnean)	Chambers Tuff	United States ( Texas)	A bear dog. The type species is "Miacis" australis Gustafson (1986).
Brevimalictis^[141]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Smith, Czaplewski & Cifelli	Miocene (Barstovian)	Monarch Mill Formation	United States ( Nevada)	A member of Mustelidae of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Brevimalictis chikasha.
Cynarctus wangi^[144]	Sp. nov	Valid	Jasinski & Wallace	Middle Miocene	Choptank Formation	United States ( Maryland)	A member of Canidae belonging to the subfamily Borophaginae, a species of Cynarctus.
Enhydrictis hoffstetteri^[145]	Sp. nov	Valid	Geraads	Pleistocene		Algeria	An otter-like member of the Mustelidae.
Gustafsonia^[143]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Tomiya & Tseng	Eocene (Chadronian)	Chambers Tuff	United States ( Texas)	A bear dog. The type species is "Miacis" cognitus Gustafson (1986).
Lontra weiri^[146]	Sp. nov	Valid	Prassack	Pliocene	Hagerman Fossil Beds	United States ( Idaho)	An otter, a species of Lontra.
Lutraeximia^[147]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Cherin et al.	Early Pleistocene (late Villafranchian)		Italy	An otter. The type species is Lutraeximia umbra.
Maofelis^[148]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Averianov et al.	Middle-late Eocene	Youganwo Formation	China	A member of Nimravidae. The type species is Maofelis cantonensis.
Negodiaetictis^[141]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Smith, Czaplewski & Cifelli	Miocene (Barstovian)	Monarch Mill Formation	United States ( Nevada)	A member of Mustelidae of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Negodiaetictis rugatrulleum.
Watay^[149]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	McLaughlin, Hopkins & Schmitz	Hemingfordian	Mascall Formation	United States ( Oregon)	A member of Mustelidae. The type species is W. tabutsigwii.

Rodents

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Abudhabia abagensis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A gerbil related to members of the genus Taterillus.
Abudhabia wangi^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A gerbil related to members of the genus Taterillus.
Allodistylomys^[150]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of the family Distylomyidae. Genus includes new species A. stepposus.
Allohuaxiamys^[150]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of the family Muridae. Genus includes new species A. gaotegeensis.
Ansomys borealis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of the family Aplodontiidae.
Ansomys lophodens^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of the family Aplodontiidae.
Ansomys robustus^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of the family Aplodontiidae.
Apatodemus^[151]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Savorelli, Colombero & Masini	Miocene		Italy	A member of Muridae. The type species is A. degiulii.
Argouburus^[152]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[153]	Marivaux et al.	Early Oligocene	Samlat Formation	Western Sahara	An anomalure. The type species is A. minutus.
Atlantocerus exilis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A relative of the Barbary ground squirrel.
Atlantocerus major^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A relative of the Barbary ground squirrel.
Ayakozomys mandaltensis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A muroid rodent belonging to the family Tachyoryctoididae.
Ayakozomys ultimus^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A muroid rodent belonging to the family Tachyoryctoididae.
Birkamys^[154]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Sallam & Seiffert	Eocene (late Priabonian)	Jebel Qatrani Formation	Egypt	A member of Phiomorpha of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Birkamys korai.
Borsodia mengensis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of Arvicolinae.
Brachyscirtetes tomidai^[155]	Sp. nov	Valid	Li	Late Miocene		China	A member of Dipodidae, a species of Brachyscirtetes.
Chambiramys^[156]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Boivin et al.	Late Oligocene	Chambira Formation	Peru	A caviomorph rodent of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is C. sylvaticus; genus also includes C. shipiborum.
Chukimys^[157]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Barbiere et al.	Late Pliocene	Brochero Formation	Argentina	A member of Sigmodontinae. The type species is C. favaloroi.
Colloides^[150]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A cricetid rodent. Genus includes new species C. xiaomingi.
Cricetodon fengi^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A cricetid rodent.
Cricetodon fikreti^[158]	Sp. nov	Valid	Çinar Durgut & Ünay	Early Miocene		Turkey	A member of Cricetodontini.
Cricetodon magnesiensis^[158]	Sp. nov	Valid	Çinar Durgut & Ünay	Early Miocene		Turkey	A member of Cricetodontini.
Cricetodon sonidensis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A cricetid rodent.
Cricetodon trallesensis^[158]	Sp. nov	Valid	Çinar Durgut & Ünay	Early Miocene		Turkey	A member of Cricetodontini.
Cricetodon yapintiensis^[158]	Sp. nov	Valid	Çinar Durgut & Ünay	Early Miocene		Turkey	A member of Cricetodontini.
Dakhlamys^[152]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[153]	Marivaux et al.	Early Oligocene	Samlat Formation	Western Sahara	A possible member of Zegdoumyidae. The type species is D. ultimus.
Dehmisciurus^[159]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Marković, de Bruijn & Wessels	Late Oligocene – Early Miocene		Austria Bosnia and Herzegovina Germany Serbia Spain Turkey	A member of the family Sciuridae. The type species is "Ratufa" obtusidens Dehm (1950).
Dipoides mengensis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of the family Castoridae.
Dipus nanus^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A relative of the northern three-toed jerboa.
Dipus pliocenicus^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A relative of the northern three-toed jerboa.
Dolocylindrodon^[160]	Gen. et 2 sp. et comb. nov	Valid	Korth & Tabrum	Eocene-Oligocene		United States ( Montana Texas Wyoming)	A member of Cylindrodontidae. The type species is D. vukae; genus also includes new species D. rahnensis, as well as "Pseudocylindrodon" medius Burke (1938), "Pseudocylindrodon" tobeyi Black (1970) and "Pseudocylindrodon" texanus Wood (1974).
Elfomys catalaunicus^[161]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bonilla-Salomón et al.	Eocene		Spain	A member of Theridomyidae, a species of Elfomys.
Ellobius (Bramus) pomeli^[162]	Sp. nov	Valid	Tesakov	Early Middle Pleistocene	Arapi Formation	Armenia	A species of Ellobius.
Elymys ? emryi^[163]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kelly & Murphey	Eocene (early Uintan)	Turtle Bluff Member, Bridger Formation	United States ( Wyoming)	A possible member of Dipodidae.
Eozapus major^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A relative of the Chinese jumping mouse.
Eucastor plionicus^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of the family Castoridae.
Eucricetodon wangae^[164]	Sp. nov	Valid	Li, Meng & Wang	Late Eocene		China	A member of Cricetidae, a species of Eucricetodon.
Eutypomys productus^[165]	Sp. nov	Valid	Korth	Oligocene (Whitneyan)		United States ( South Dakota)	A member of the family Eutypomyidae.
Geomys tyrioni^[166]	Sp. nov	Valid	Martin	Early Pleistocene	Meade Basin	United States ( Kansas)	A pocket gopher, a species of Geomys.
Gliruloides^[167]	Gen. et sp. et comb. nov	Valid	Wu et al.	Late Oligocene to early Miocene	Junggar Basin	China Turkey	A dormouse related to the forest dormouse. The type species is Gliruloides zhoui; genus also includes "Vasseuromys" duplex Ünay (1994).
Gobicricetodon arshanensis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A cricetid rodent.
Hylopetes bellus^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A squirrel, a species of Hylopetes.
Hylopetes yani^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A squirrel, a species of Hylopetes.
Hystricops mengensis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of the family Castoridae.
Irtyshogaulus^[168]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Lu et al.	Early Miocene	Junggar Basin	China	A member of Mylagaulidae belonging to the subfamily Promylagaulinae. The type species is I. minor; genus also includes I. major.
Karnimatoides^[150]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of Murinae. The type species is K. hipparionus (Schlosser, 1924).
Keramidomys magnus^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of the family Eomyidae.
Khanomys^[150]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A cricetid rodent. Genus includes new species K. baii and K. cheni.
Kowalskia shalaensis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A cricetid rodent.
Lagostomus telenkechanum^[169]	Sp. nov	Valid	Rasia & Candela	Late Miocene	Arroyo Chasicó Formation	Argentina	A species of Lagostomus.
Ligerimys asiaticus^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of the family Eomyidae.
Loretomys^[156]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Boivin et al.	Late Oligocene	Chambira Formation	Peru	A caviomorph rodent belonging to the superfamily Octodontoidea. The type species is L. minutus.
Megacricetodon hellenicus^[170]	Sp. nov	Valid	Oliver & Peláez-Campomanes	Early Miocene		Greece	A cricetid rodent, a species of Megacricetodon.
Metaeucricetodon^[150]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A cricetid rodent. Genus includes new species M. mengicus.
Microtocricetus shalaensis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A cricetid rodent.
Microtoscoptes fahlbuschi^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A cricetid rodent.
Mioheteromys subterior^[171]	Sp. nov	Valid	Korth & Evander	Miocene (early Barstovian)		United States ( Nebraska)	A heteromyid rodent, a species of Mioheteromys.
Mimomys chandolensis^[172]	Sp. nov	Valid	Tiunov, Golenishchev & Voyta	Late Pleistocene		Russia ( Primorsky Krai)	An arvicoline cricetid, a species of Mimomys.
Mimomys teilhardi^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of Arvicolinae.
Minocastor^[173]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mörs, Tomida & Kalthoff	Early Miocene	Nakamura Formation	Japan	A member of Castoridae. The type species is Minocastor godai.
Mubhammys^[154]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Sallam & Seiffert	Eocene (late Priabonian)	Jebel Qatrani Formation	Egypt	A member of Phiomorpha of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Mubhammys vadumensis.
Myocricetodon tomidai^[174]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lindsay & Flynn	Early Miocene	Chitarwata Formation Vihowa Formation	Pakistan	A member of Cricetidae, a species of Myocricetodon.
Mystemys^[175]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Savorelli & Masini	Miocene		Italy	A member of Cricetidae. The type species is M. giganteus.
Neochoerus occidentalis^[176]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Carranza-Castañeda	Late Blancan-Irvingtonian		Mexico
Nonanomalurus parvus^[152]	Sp. nov	Valid^[153]	Marivaux et al.	Early Oligocene	Samlat Formation	Western Sahara	A member of Anomaluroidea.
?Notoparamys blochi^[177]	Sp. nov	Valid	Gunnell, Zonneveld & Bartels	Wasatchian	Wasatch Formation	United States ( Wyoming)	A member of Ischyromyidae belonging to the subfamily Paramyinae, tentatively assigned to the genus Notoparamys.
Orientiglis^[150]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A dormouse related to members of the genus Dryomys. Genus includes O. wuae (Qiu, 1996).
Oromys^[152]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[153]	Marivaux et al.	Early Oligocene	Samlat Formation	Western Sahara	A member of Zenkerellinae. The type species is O. zenkerellinopsis.
Paciculus walshi^[178]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lindsay et al.	Oligocene	Otay Formation	United States ( California)	A member of Cricetidae, a species of Paciculus.
Palaeosciurus aoerbanensis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A ground squirrel.
Palaeosteiromys^[156]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Boivin et al.	Late Oligocene	Chambira Formation	Peru	A New World porcupine. The type species is P. amazonensis.
Pappocricetodon siziwangqiensis^[164]	Sp. nov	Valid	Li, Meng & Wang	Late Eocene		China	A member of Cricetidae, a species of Pappocricetodon.
Paradelomys santjaumensis^[161]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bonilla-Salomón et al.	Eocene		Spain	A member of Theridomyidae, a species of Paradelomys.
Paralactaga parvidens^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of Dipodidae related to members of the genus Allactaga.
Paralactaga shalaensis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of Dipodidae related to members of the genus Allactaga.
Parameniscomys^[150]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of the family Aplodontiidae. Genus includes new species P. mengensis.
Paranomalurus riodeoroensis^[152]	Sp. nov	Valid^[153]	Marivaux et al.	Early Oligocene	Samlat Formation	Western Sahara	An anomalure.
Paratheridomys^[179]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Vianey-Liaud & Marivaux	Oligocene		Belgium France Germany Switzerland	A member of Theridomyidae. The type species is "Theridomys" ludensis Vianey-Liaud (1985); genus also includes P. margaritae (Vianey-Liaud, 1989) and P. vassoni (Pomel, 1853).
Pentabuneomys fejfari^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of the family Eomyidae.
Plesiodipus robustus^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A cricetid rodent.
Plesiosciurus zhengi^[180]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Jin	Cenozoic (probably Miocene)		China	A member of Sciurini.
Plesiosteiromys^[156]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Boivin et al.	Late Oligocene	Chambira Formation	Peru	A caviomorph rodent, possiby a New World porcupine. The type species is P. newelli.
Postcopemys chapalensis^[181]	Sp. nov	Valid	Rincón et al.	Early Pliocene	Chapala Formation	Mexico	A member of Cricetidae.
Potamarchus adamiae^[182]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kerber et al.	Late Miocene	Solimões Formation	Brazil	A potamarchine dinomyid, a species of Potamarchus.
Potwarmus mahmoodi^[174]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lindsay & Flynn	Early Miocene	Vihowa Formation	Pakistan	A member of Cricetidae, a species of Potwarmus.
Primus cheemai^[174]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lindsay & Flynn	Late Oligocene to Early Miocene	Chitarwata Formation Vihowa Formation	Pakistan	A member of Cricetidae, a species of Primus.
Proansomys badamae^[183]	Sp. nov	Valid	Maridet et al.	Late Oligocene	Hsanda Gol Formation	Mongolia	A member of Aplodontiidae.
Prodistylomys mengensis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of the family Distylomyidae.
Progonomys shalaensis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of the family Muridae.
Protalactaga lophodens^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of Dipodidae related to members of the genus Allactaga.
Pseudaplodon amuwusuensis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of the family Aplodontiidae.
Pseudopotamarchus^[182]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Kerber et al.	Late Miocene	Solimões Formation	Brazil	A potamarchine dinomyid. The type species is Pseudopotamarchus villanuevai.
Pseudoratufa^[180]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Jin	Cenozoic (probably Miocene)		China	A relative of the oriental giant squirrels. The type species is P. wanensis.
Quadrimys^[150]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A member of the family Aplodontiidae. Genus includes new species Q. paradoxus.
Rhinocerodon abagensis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A cricetid rodent.
Sayimys negevensis^[184]	Sp. nov	Valid	López-Antoñanzas et al.	Early Miocene	Middle Hatzeva Formation	Israel	A gundi, a species of Sayimys.
Scleromys praecursor^[156]	Sp. nov	Valid	Boivin et al.	Late Oligocene	Chambira Formation	Peru	A caviomorph rodent belonging to the superfamily Chinchilloidea. Originally described as a species of Scleromys; subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Maquiamys.^[185]
Sicista bilikeensis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A birch mouse.
Sicista ertemteensis^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A birch mouse.
Sinozapus parvus^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A jumping mouse.
Sonidomys^[150]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A cricetid rodent. Genus includes new species S. deligeri.
Spermophilinus mongolicus^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A relative of the chipmunks.
Tachyoryctoides colossus^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A muroid rodent belonging to the family Tachyoryctoididae.
Tachyoryctoides vulgatus^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	A muroid rodent belonging to the family Tachyoryctoididae.
Tamiops minor^[150]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene		China	An Asiatic striped squirrel.
Ucayalimys^[156]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Boivin et al.	Late Oligocene	Chambira Formation	Peru	A caviomorph rodent, possibly a member of the superfamily Chinchilloidea. The type species is U. crassidens.
Ullumys^[186]	Gen. et sp. et comb. nov	Valid	Olivares et al.	Miocene (Huayquerian)	Las Tapias Formation	Argentina	A member of Echimyidae. Genus includes new species U. pattoni, as well as "Eumysops" intermedius Rovereto.

Primates

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Agerinia smithorum^[187]	Sp. nov	Valid	Femenias-Gual et al.	Early Eocene		Spain
Apidium zuetina^[188]	Sp. nov	Valid	Beard et al.	Early Oligocene		Libya	A species of Apidium.
Bahinia banyueae^[189]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ni et al.	Early Oligocene	Caijiachong Formation	China	A member of Eosimiidae, a species of Bahinia.
Canaanimico^[190]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Marivaux et al.	Late Oligocene	Chambira Formation	Peru	A New World monkey related to Soriacebus. The type species is C. amazonensis.
Cantius lohseorum^[191]	Sp. nov	Valid	Robinson	Early Eocene	Powder River Basin	United States ( Wyoming)	A member of Notharctidae.
Gatanthropus^[189]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ni et al.	Early Oligocene	Caijiachong Formation	China	A relative of Ekgmowechashala. The type species is Gatanthropus micros.
Laomaki^[189]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ni et al.	Early Oligocene	Caijiachong Formation	China	A member of Adapiformes belonging to the family Sivaladapidae. The type species is Laomaki yunnanensis.
Megaceralemur^[191]	Gen. et comb. et sp. nov	Valid	Robinson	Eocene		United States ( Wyoming)	A member of Notharctidae. A new genus for "Pelycodus" trigonodus Matthew (1915); genus also includes new species M. matthewi.
Oligotarsius^[189]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ni et al.	Early Oligocene	Caijiachong Formation	China	A tarsier-like primate. The type species is Oligotarsius rarus.
Panamacebus^[192]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bloch et al.	Early Miocene	Las Cascadas Formation	Panama	A New World monkey, probably a member of Cebidae. The type species is Panamacebus transitus.
Pinolophus^[191]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Robinson	Eocene		United States ( Wyoming)	A member of Notharctidae. The type species P. meikei.
Semnopithecus gwebinensis^[193]	Sp. nov	Valid	Takai et al.	Late Pliocene		Myanmar	A gray langur.
Yunnanadapis^[189]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Ni et al.	Early Oligocene	Caijiachong Formation	China	A member of Adapiformes belonging to the family Sivaladapidae. The type species is Yunnanadapis folivorus; genus also includes Yunnanadapis imperator.

Other eutherians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Akhnatenavus nefertiticyon^[194]	Sp. nov	Valid	Borths, Holroyd & Seiffert	Eocene (latest Priabonian)	Jebel Qatrani Formation	Egypt	A hyainailourine hyaenodont.
Amphilagus tomidai^[195]	Sp. nov	Valid	Erbajeva, Angelone & Alexeeva	Miocene		Russia ( Irkutsk Oblast)	A lagomorph, a species of Amphilagus.
Antesorex wilsoni^[171]	Sp. nov	Valid	Korth & Evander	Miocene (early Barstovian)		United States ( Nebraska)	A shrew, a species of Antesorex.
Belgoryctes^[196]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[197]	De Bast & Smith	Paleocene	Hainin Formation	Belgium	A member of Palaeoryctidae. The type species is B. thaleri.
Brychotherium^[194]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Borths, Holroyd & Seiffert	Eocene (latest Priabonian)	Jebel Qatrani Formation	Egypt	A teratodontine hyaenodont. The type species is B. ephalmos.
Cambaytherium gracilis^[198]	Sp. nov	Valid	Smith et al.	Eocene (Ypresian)	Cambay Shale Formation	India	A perissodactyl-like ungulate.
Cingulodon^[196]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[197]	De Bast & Smith	Paleocene	Hainin Formation	Belgium	An eutherian of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a member of the family Louisinidae. The type species is C. magioncaldai.
Eoictops^[177]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Gunnell, Zonneveld & Bartels	Wasatchian	Wasatch Formation	United States ( Wyoming)	A member of Leptictida belonging to the family Leptictidae. The type species is E. novaceki.
Eurolestes^[196]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[197]	De Bast & Smith	Paleocene	Hainin Formation	Belgium	A member of Pantolesta belonging to the family Pentacodontidae. The type species is E. dupuisi.
Gomphos progressus^[199]	Sp. nov	Valid	Li, Wang & Fostowicz-Frelik	Eocene (Irdinmanhan)	Ulan Shireh Formation	China	A member of Glires belonging to the family Mimotonidae.
Hegetotherium cerdasensis^[200]	Sp. nov	Valid	Croft et al.	Miocene (Langhian)	Cerdas beds	Bolivia	A notoungulate, a species of Hegetotherium.
Indoesthonyx^[198]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Smith et al.	Eocene (Ypresian)	Cambay Shale Formation	India	A member of Tillodontia. The type species is I. suratensis.
Lanthanotherium observatum^[171]	Sp. nov	Valid	Korth & Evander	Miocene (early Barstovian)		United States ( Nebraska)	A member of Erinaceidae, a species of Lanthanotherium.
Mina^[201]^[202]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Li et al.	Middle Paleocene	Wanghudun Formation	China	A basal member of Glires. The type species is Mina hui.
Ounalashkastylus^[203]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Chiba et al.	Miocene		United States ( Alaska)	A desmostylian. The type species is Ounalashkastylus tomidai.
Palaeictops altimontis^[204]	Sp. nov	Valid	Velazco & Novacek	Eocene (Uintan)	Tepee Trail Formation	United States ( Wyoming)	A member of Leptictida belonging to the family Leptictidae.
Palaeictops robustus^[204]	Sp. nov	Valid	Velazco & Novacek	Eocene (Uintan)	Uinta Formation	United States ( Utah)	A member of Leptictida belonging to the family Leptictidae.
Palaeosinopa lacus^[177]	Sp. nov	Valid	Gunnell, Zonneveld & Bartels	Wasatchian	Wasatch Formation	United States ( Wyoming)	A member of Pantolestidae.
Pternoconius bondi^[205]	Sp. nov	Valid	Cheme Arriaga, Dozo & Gelfo	Miocene (Colhuehuapian)	Sarmiento Formation	Argentina	A member of Litopterna belonging to the family Macraucheniidae and the subfamily Cramaucheniinae.
Ptilocercus kylin^[206]	Sp. nov	Valid	Li & Ni	Earliest Oligocene	Lijiawa Mammalian Fossil locality	China	A treeshrew related to the pen-tailed treeshrew.
Purgatorius pinecreeensis^[207]	Sp. nov	Valid	Scott, Fox & Redman	Paleocene (Puercan)	Ravenscrag Formation	Canada ( Saskatchewan)
Quadratodon^[196]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[197]	De Bast & Smith	Paleocene	Hainin Formation	Belgium	An eutherian of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a member of Erinaceomorpha. The type species is Q. sigei.
Rzebikia^[208]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Sansalone, Kotsakis & Piras	Pliocene to Pleistocene (Villanyian)		Bulgaria Poland	A relative of the American shrew mole. A new genus for "Neurotrichus" polonicus Skoczeń (1980) and "Neurotrichus" skoczeni Zijlstra (2010).
Sanshuilophus^[209]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mao et al.	Early Eocene	Huayong Formation	China	A member of Phenacolophidae (a group of archaic ungulate mammals of uncertain phylogenetic placement). The type species is Sanshuilophus zhaoi.
Scalopoides hutchisoni^[171]	Sp. nov	Valid	Korth & Evander	Miocene (early Barstovian)		United States ( Nebraska)	A member of Talpidae, a species of Scalopoides.
Trachytherus ramirezi^[210]	Sp. nov	Valid	Shockey, Billet & Salas-Gismondi	Oligocene (Deseadan)	Moquegua Formation	Peru	A mesotheriid notoungulate, a species of Trachytherus.
Vassacyon prieuri^[211]	Sp. nov	Valid	Solé et al.	Latest Paleocene		France	A basal member of Carnivoraformes, a species of Vassacyon.
Zofialestes^[212]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Fostowicz-Frelik	Late Cretaceous (?late Campanian)	Barun Goyot Formation	Mongolia	A relative of Zalambdalestes. The type species is Z. longidens.

Other mammals

Research

A study on the differences in cusp arrangement on the surface of molars of Morganucodon and Kuehneotherium and its impact on ability of the teeth to fracture prey is published by Conith et al. (2016).^[213]
Description of a new specimen of Kollikodon ritchiei and a study of its phylogenetic relationships is published by Pian et al. (2016).^[214]
A redescription of Teinolophos trusleri is published by Rich et al. (2016).^[215]
A study comparing the skull anatomy of the extant platypus and the Miocene Obdurodon dicksoni is published by Asahara et al. (2016).^[216]
A partial mandible of the amphitheriid Palaeoxonodon ooliticus, previously known only from isolated teeth, is described from the Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian) Kilmaluag Formation (Isle of Skye, Scotland, United Kingdom) by Close et al. (2016).^[217]
A study on the morphological disparity, dietary trends and generic level taxonomic diversity patterns in early therians is published by Grossnickle & Newham (2016).^[218]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Anebodon^[219]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bi et al.	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	A symmetrodont belonging to the family Zhangheotheriidae. The type species is A. luoi.
Cherwellia^[220]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Butler & Sigogneau-Russell	Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian)		United Kingdom	A possible member of Morganucodonta. The type species is C. leei.
Culicolestes^[221]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Cifelli, Cohen & Davis	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Cedar Mountain Formation	United States ( Utah)	A member of Tribosphenida of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is C. kielanae.
Dakotadens pertritus^[221]	Sp. nov	Valid	Cifelli, Cohen & Davis	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Cedar Mountain Formation	United States ( Utah)	A member of Tribosphenida of uncertain phylogenetic placement.
Eotriconodon^[220]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Butler & Sigogneau-Russell	Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian)		United Kingdom	A member of Triconodontidae. The type species is E. sophron.
Gobiconodon bathoniensis^[220]	Sp. nov	Valid	Butler & Sigogneau-Russell	Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian)		United Kingdom
Lactodens^[222]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Han & Meng	Early Cretaceous		China	A ‘symmetrodont’ related to Spalacolestes. Genus includes new species L. sheni.
Mangasbaatar^[223]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Rougier et al.	Late Cretaceous (probably late Campanian)		Mongolia	A djadochtatheriid multituberculate. The type species is M. udanii.
Morganucodon tardus^[220]	Sp. nov	Valid	Butler & Sigogneau-Russell	Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian)		United Kingdom
Phascolotherium simpsoni^[220]	Sp. nov	Valid	Butler & Sigogneau-Russell	Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian)		United Kingdom	A member of Eutriconodonta.
Stylidens^[220]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Butler & Sigogneau-Russell	Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian)		United Kingdom	A possible member of Morganucodonta. The type species is S. hookeri.
Teutonodon^[224]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Martin et al.	Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)		Germany	A plagiaulacid multituberculate. The type species is T. langenbergensis.
Theroteinus rosieriensis^[225]	Sp. nov	Valid	Debuysschere	Late Triassic (Rhaetian)		France	A member of Haramiyida belonging to the family Theroteinidae.

References

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^ ^a ^b ^c http://zoobank.org/References/DA7E10BA-7203-4F5A-A3AB-F0E7352B101C
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^ Wighart von Koenigswald (2016). "The diversity of mastication patterns in Neogene and Quaternary proboscideans". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 307 (1–6): 1–41. doi:10.1127/pala/307/2016/1 (inactive 2020-04-03).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2020 (link)
^ J. Sakari Salonen; Juha Saarinen; Arto Miettinen; Heikki Hirvas; Marina Usoltseva; Mikael Fortelius; Marja Sorsa (2016). "The northernmost discovery of a Miocene proboscidean bone in Europe". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 454: 202–211. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.04.034. hdl:10138/237339.
^ Dimila Mothé; Marco P. Ferretti; Leonardo S. Avilla (2016). "The dance of tusks: rediscovery of lower incisors in the pan-American proboscidean Cuvieronius hyodon revises incisor evolution in Elephantimorpha". PLOS ONE. 11 (1): e0147009. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147009. PMC 4710528. PMID 26756209.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ Gina M. Semprebon; Deng Tao; Jelena Hasjanova; Nikos Solounias (2016). "An examination of the dietary habits of Platybelodon grangeri from the Linxia Basin of China: Evidence from dental microwear of molar teeth and tusks". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 457: 109–116. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.06.012.
^ Jacob Enk; Alison Devault; Christopher Widga; Jeffrey Saunders; Paul Szpak; John Southon; Jean-Marie Rouillard; Beth Shapiro; G. Brian Golding; Grant Zazula; Duane Froese; Daniel C. Fisher; Ross D. E. MacPhee; Hendrik Poinar (2016). "Mammuthus Population Dynamics in Late Pleistocene North America: Divergence, Phylogeography, and Introgression". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 4: Article 42. doi:10.3389/fevo.2016.00042.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ Russell W. Graham; Soumaya Belmecheri; Kyungcheol Choy; Brendan J. Culleton; Lauren J. Davies; Duane Froese; Peter D. Heintzman; Carrie Hritz; Joshua D. Kapp; Lee A. Newsom; Ruth Rawcliffe; Émilie Saulnier-Talbot; Beth Shapiro; Yue Wang; John W. Williams; Matthew J. Wooller (2016). "Timing and causes of mid-Holocene mammoth extinction on St. Paul Island, Alaska". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 113 (33): 9310–9314. doi:10.1073/pnas.1604903113. PMC 4995940. PMID 27482085.
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^ Christine Böhmer; Kurt Heissig; Gertrud E. Rössner (2016). "Dental eruption series and replacement pattern in Miocene Prosantorhinus (Rhinocerotidae) as revealed by macroscopy and X-ray: implications for ontogeny and mortality profile". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 23 (3): 265–279. doi:10.1007/s10914-015-9313-x.
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^ Haley D. O’Brien; J. Tyler Faith; Kirsten E. Jenkins; Daniel J. Peppe; Thomas W. Plummer; Zenobia L. Jacobs; Bo Li; Renaud Joannes-Boyau; Gilbert Price; Yue-xing Feng; Christian A. Tryon (2016). "Unexpected Convergent Evolution of Nasal Domes between Pleistocene Bovids and Cretaceous Hadrosaur Dinosaurs". Current Biology. 26 (4): 503–508. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.050. PMID 26853365.
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^ Julien Soubrier; Graham Gower; Kefei Chen; Stephen M. Richards; Bastien Llamas; Kieren J. Mitchell; Simon Y. W. Ho; Pavel Kosintsev; Michael S. Y. Lee; Gennady Baryshnikov; Ruth Bollongino; Pere Bover; Joachim Burger; David Chivall; Evelyne Crégut-Bonnoure; Jared E. Decker; Vladimir B. Doronichev; Katerina Douka; Damien A. Fordham; Federica Fontana; Carole Fritz; Jan Glimmerveen; Liubov V. Golovanova; Colin Groves; Antonio Guerreschi; Wolfgang Haak; Tom Higham; Emilia Hofman-Kamińska; Alexander Immel; Marie-Anne Julien; Johannes Krause; Oleksandra Krotova; Frauke Langbein; Greger Larson; Adam Rohrlach; Amelie Scheu; Robert D. Schnabel; Jeremy F. Taylor; Małgorzata Tokarska; Gilles Tosello; Johannes van der Plicht; Ayla van Loenen; Jean-Denis Vigne; Oliver Wooley; Ludovic Orlando; Rafał Kowalczyk; Beth Shapiro; Alan Cooper (2016). "Early cave art and ancient DNA record the origin of European bison". Nature Communications. 7: Article number 13158. doi:10.1038/ncomms13158. PMC 5071849. PMID 27754477.
^ Diyendo Massilani; Silvia Guimaraes; Jean-Philip Brugal; E. Andrew Bennett; Małgorzata Tokarska; Rose-Marie Arbogast; Gennady Baryshnikov; Gennady Boeskorov; Jean-Christophe Castel; Sergey Davydov; Stéphane Madelaine; Olivier Putelat; Natalia N. Spasskaya; Hans-Peter Uerpmann; Thierry Grange; Eva-Maria Geigl (2016). "Past climate changes, population dynamics and the origin of Bison in Europe". BMC Biology. 14 (1): 93. doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0317-7. PMC 5075162. PMID 27769298.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
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^ Felix G. Marx; David P. Hocking; Travis Park; Tim Ziegler; Alistair R. Evans; Erich M.G. Fitzgerald (2016). "Suction feeding preceded filtering in baleen whale evolution" (PDF). Memoirs of Museum Victoria. 75: 71–82. doi:10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.04. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-09. Retrieved 2017-05-03.
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[ChimeralestesZB-9] ttp://zoobank.org/References/DA7E10BA-7203-4F5A-A3AB-F0E7352B101C

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[Argouburus-152] "Anomaluroid rodents from the earliest Oligocene of Dakhla, Morocco, reveal the long-lived and morphologically conservative pattern of the Anomaluridae and Nonanomaluridae during the Tertiary in Africa". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 15 (7): 539–569. 2016. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1206977. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)

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[155] Q. Li (2016). "Brachyscirtetes tomidai, a new Late Miocene dipodid (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Siziwang Qi, central Nei Mongol, China". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 28 (1–2): 35–42. doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.996218.

[Chambiramys-156] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Myriam Boivin; Laurent Marivaux; Adriana M. Candela; Maëva J. Orliac; François Pujos; Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi; Julia V. Tejada-Lara; Pierre-Olivier Antoine (2016). "Late Oligocene caviomorph rodents from Contamana, Peruvian Amazonia". Papers in Palaeontology. 3 (1): 69–109. doi:10.1002/spp2.1068.

[157] Franck Barbiere; Laura E. Cruz; Pablo E. Ortiz; Ulyses F. J. Pardiñas (2016). "A new genus of Sigmodontinae (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae) from the Pliocene of Central Argentina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (5): e1199557. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1199557.

[BMRECricetodontini-158] Nihal Çinar Durgut; Engin Ünay (2016). "Cricetodontini from the early Miocene of Anatolia" (PDF). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration. 152: 85–119. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-19. Retrieved 2017-05-03.

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[160] William W. Korth; Alan R. Tabrum (2016). "A New Genus of Cylindrodontid Rodent from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Southwestern Montana and a Reassessment of the Genus Pseudocylindrodon Burke, 1935". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 84 (1): 75–93. doi:10.2992/007.084.0101.

[JVPSantJaumedeFrontaya-161] "Middle Eocene rodents from Sant Jaume de Frontanyà (eastern Pyrenees, northern Spain) and biochronological implications". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (4): e1121149. 2016. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1121149. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)

[162] Alexey S. Tesakov (2016). "Early Middle Pleistocene Ellobius (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Arvicolinae) from Armenia" (PDF). Russian Journal of Theriology. 15 (2): 151–158. doi:10.15298/rusjtheriol.15.2.07.

[163] Thomas S. Kelly; Paul C. Murphey (2016). "Mammals from the earliest Uintan (middle Eocene) Turtle Bluff Member, Bridger Formation, southwestern Wyoming, USA, Part 1: Primates and Rodentia". Palaeontologia Electronica. 19 (2): Article number 19.2.27A. doi:10.26879/586.

[PLoSONE115cricetids-164] Qian Li; Jin Meng; Yuanqing Wang (2016). "New Cricetid Rodents from Strata near the Eocene-Oligocene Boundary in Erden Obo Section (Nei Mongol, China)". PLOS ONE. 11 (5): e0156233. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156233. PMC 4881996. PMID 27227833.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[165] William W. Korth (2016). "Mammals from the Blue Ash local fauna (Whitneyan, Oligocene), South Dakota. Rodentia Part 7: Additional Eutypomyidae and Castoridae". Paludicola. 11 (1): 1–7.

[166] Robert A. Martin (2016). "Geomys tyrioni, a new species of early Pleistocene dwarf pocket gopher from the Meade Basin of southwestern Kansas". Journal of Mammalogy. 97 (3): 949–959. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyw024.

[167] Wen-Yu Wu; Jin Meng; Jie Ye; Xi-Jun Ni; Shun-Dong Bi (2016). "Restudy of the Late Oligocene dormice from northern Junggar Basin". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 54 (1): 36–50. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.2016.01.003.

[168] Xiaoyu Lu; Xijun Ni; Lüzhou Li; Qiang Li (2016). "Two New Mylagaulid Rodents from the Early Miocene of China". PLOS ONE. 11 (8): e0159445. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159445. PMC 4972310. PMID 27486803.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[169] Luciano L. Rasia; Adriana M. Candela (2016). "Lagostomus telenkechanum, sp. nov., a new lagostomine rodent (Caviomorpha, Chinchillidae) from the Arroyo Chasicó Formation (late Miocene; Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 37 (1): e1239205. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1239205.

[170] Adriana Oliver; Pablo Peláez-Campomanes (2016). "Early Miocene evolution of the genus Megacricetodon in Europe and its palaeobiogeographical implications". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61 (1): 211–219. doi:10.4202/app.00099.2014.

[ACM833-171] William W. Korth; Robert L. Evander (2016). "Lipotyphla, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, and Rodentia (Mammalia) from Observation Quarry, Earliest Barstovian (Miocene), Dawes County, Nebraska". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 83 (3): 219–254. doi:10.2992/007.083.0301.

[172] Mikhail P. Tiunov; Fedor N. Golenishchev; Leonid L. Voyta (2016). "The first finding of Mimomys in the Russian Far East". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61 (1): 205–210. doi:10.4202/app.00082.2014.

[173] Thomas Mörs; Yukimitsu Tomida; Daniela C. Kalthoff (2016). "A new large beaver (Mammalia, Castoridae) from the early Miocene of Japan". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1080720. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1080720.

[HB28ZindaPirDome-174] Everett H. Lindsay; Lawrence J. Flynn (2016). "Late Oligocene and Early Miocene Muroidea of the Zinda Pir Dome". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 28 (1–2): 215–236. doi:10.1080/08912963.2015.1027888. PMC 4673544. PMID 26681836.

[175] A. Savorelli; F. Masini (2016). "Mystemys giganteus n. gen. et sp.: an enigmatic and rare cricetid from the Terre Rosse M013 fissure filling (Gargano, Southeastern Italy)". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 306 (1–6): 1–23. doi:10.1127/pala/306/2016/1.

[176] Oscar Carranza-Castañeda (2016). "Roedores caviomorfos (Rodentia Hydrochoeridae) del Blancano temprano-tardío – Irvingtoniano de los Estados de Guanajuato, Jalisco y Sonora, México: relación con Phugatherium dichroplax" (PDF). Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas. 33 (3): 297–315. doi:10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2016.3.445 (inactive 2020-04-03).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2020 (link)

[Eoictops-177] Gregg F. Gunnell; John-Paul Zonneveld; William S. Bartels (2016). "Stratigraphy, mammalian paleontology, paleoecology, and age correlation of the Wasatch Formation, Fossil Butte National Monument, Wyoming". Journal of Paleontology. 90 (5): 981–1011. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.100.

[178] Everett Lindsay; David P. Whistler; Daniela C. Kalthoff; Wighart von Koenigswald (2016). "Paciculus walshi, new species, (Rodentia, Cricetidae), the origin of the Cricetidae and an Oligocene intercontinental mammal dispersal event". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 28 (1–2): 78–94. doi:10.1080/08912963.2015.1050389.

[179] Monique Vianey-Liaud; Laurent Marivaux (2016). "Autopsie d'une radiation adaptative : Phylogénie des Theridomorpha, rongeurs endémiques du Paléogène d'Europe - histoire, dynamique évolutive et intérêt biochronologique" (PDF). Palæovertebrata. 40 (3): e1. doi:10.18563/pv.40.3.e1.

[Pseudoratufa-180] Zhu-Ding Qiu; Chang-Zhu Jin (2016). "Sciurid remains from the Late Cenozoic fissure-fillings of Fanchang, Anhui, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 54 (4): 286–301. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.2016.04.002.

[181] Ascanio D. Rincón; Nicholas J. Czaplewski; Marisol Montellano-Ballesteros; Mouloud Benammi (2016). "New species of Postcopemys (Cricetidae: Rodentia) from the early Pliocene of Lago de Chapala, Jalisco, Mexico". The Southwestern Naturalist. 61 (2): 108–118. doi:10.1894/15-00082R2.1.

[APPpotamarchines-182] Leonardo Kerber; Francisco Ricardo Negri; Ana Maria Ribeiro; Maria Guiomar Vucetich; Jonas Pereira De Souza-Filho (2016). "Late Miocene potamarchine rodents from southwestern Amazonia, Brazil—with description of new taxa" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61 (1): 191–203. doi:10.4202/app.00091.2014.

[183] Olivier Maridet; Gudrun Daxner-Höck; Paloma López-Guerrero; Ursula B. Göhlich (2016). "The record of Aplodontidae (Rodentia, Mammalia) in the Oligocene and Miocene of the Valley of Lakes (Central Mongolia) with some comments on the morphologic variability". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 97 (1): 25–49. doi:10.1007/s12549-016-0255-y. PMC 5367699. PMID 28450963.

[184] Raquel López-Antoñanzas; Vitaly Gutkin; Rivka Rabinovich; Ran Calvo; Aryeh Grossman (2016). "A Transitional Gundi (Rodentia: Ctenodactylidae) from the Miocene of Israel". PLOS ONE. 11 (4): e0151804. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151804. PMC 4822958. PMID 27049960.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[185] Myriam Boivin; Laurent Marivaux; Pierre-Olivier Antoine (2019). "New insight from the Paleogene record of Amazonia into the early diversification of Caviomorpha (Hystricognathi, Rodentia): phylogenetic, macroevolutionary, and paleobiogeographic implications". Geodiversitas. 41 (4): 143–245. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a4.

[186] A. Itatí Olivares; Diego H. Verzi; Victor H. Contreras; Leila Pessôa (2016). "A new Echimyidae (Rodentia, Hystricomorpha) from the late Miocene of southern South America". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 37 (1): e1239204. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1239204.

[187] Joan Femenias-Gual; Raef Minwer-Barakat; Judit Marigó; Salvador Moyà-Solà (2016). "Agerinia smithorum sp. nov., a new early Eocene primate from the Iberian Peninsula". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 161 (1): 116–124. doi:10.1002/ajpa.23014. PMID 27306700.

[188] K. Christopher Beard; Pauline M.C. Coster; Mustafa J. Salem; Yaowalak Chaimanee; Jean-Jacques Jaeger (2016). "A new species of Apidium (Anthropoidea, Parapithecidae) from the Sirt Basin, central Libya: First record of Oligocene primates from Libya". Journal of Human Evolution. 90: 29–37. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.08.010. PMID 26767957.

[Science352primates-189] Xijun Ni; Qiang Li; Lüzhou Li; K. Christopher Beard (2016). "Oligocene primates from China reveal divergence between African and Asian primate evolution". Science. 352 (6286): 673–677. doi:10.1126/science.aaf2107. PMID 27151861.

[190] "Neotropics provide insights into the emergence of New World monkeys: New dental evidence from the late Oligocene of Peruvian Amazonia". Journal of Human Evolution. 97: 159–175. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.05.011. PMID 27457552. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)

[Megaceralemur-191] Peter Robinson (2016). "Diversity starts early: notharctid primates from the Sandcouleean (Early Eocene) of the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 30 (1–2): 189–203. doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1256398.

[192] Jonathan I. Bloch; Emily D. Woodruff; Aaron R. Wood; Aldo F. Rincon; Arianna R. Harrington; Gary S. Morgan; David A. Foster; Camilo Montes; Carlos A. Jaramillo; Nathan A. Jud; Douglas S. Jones; Bruce J. MacFadden (2016). "First North American fossil monkey and early Miocene tropical biotic interchange". Nature. 533 (7602): 243–246. doi:10.1038/nature17415. PMID 27096364.

[193] Masanaru Takai; Yuichiro Nishioka; Thaung-Htike, Maung Maung; Kyaw Khaing; Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein; Takehisa Tsubamoto; Naoko Egi (2016). "Late Pliocene Semnopithecus fossils from central Myanmar: rethinking of the evolutionary history of cercopithecid monkeys in Southeast Asia". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 28 (1–2): 172–188. doi:10.1080/08912963.2015.1018018.

[Brychotherium-194] Matthew R. Borths; Patricia A. Holroyd; Erik R. Seiffert (2016). "Hyainailourine and teratodontine cranial material from the late Eocene of Egypt and the application of parsimony and Bayesian methods to the phylogeny and biogeography of Hyaenodonta (Placentalia, Mammalia)". PeerJ. 4: e2639. doi:10.7717/peerj.2639. PMC 5111901. PMID 27867761.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[195] Margarita Erbajeva; Chiara Angelone; Nadezhda Alexeeva (2016). "A new species of the genus Amphilagus (Lagomorpha, Mammalia) from the Middle Miocene of south-eastern Siberia". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 28 (1–2): 199–207. doi:10.1080/08912963.2015.1034119.

[Cingulodon-196] Eric De Bast; Thierry Smith (2016). "The oldest Cenozoic mammal fauna of Europe: implication of the Hainin reference fauna for mammalian evolution and dispersals during the Paleocene". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 15 (9): 741–785. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1237582.

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[Platyspondylophis-198] Thierry Smith; Kishor Kumar; Rajendra S. Rana; Annelise Folie; Floréal Solé; Corentin Noiret; Thomas Steeman; Ashok Sahni; Kenneth D. Rose (2016). "New early Eocene vertebrate assemblage from western India reveals a mixed fauna of European and Gondwana affinities". Geoscience Frontiers. 7 (6): 969–1001. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2016.05.001.

[199] Qian Li; Yuan-Qing Wang; Łucja Fostowicz-Frelik (2016). "Small mammal fauna from Wulanhuxiu (Nei Mongol, China) implies the Irdinmanhan–Sharamurunian (Eocene) faunal turnover". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61 (4): 759–776. doi:10.4202/app.00292.2016.

[200] "New mammal faunal data from Cerdas, Bolivia, a middle-latitude Neotropical site that chronicles the end of the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum in South America". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (5): e1163574. 2016. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1163574. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)

[201] Chuan-Kui Li; Yuan-Qing Wang; Zhao-Qun Zhang; Fang-Yuan Mao; Jin Meng (2016). "A new mimotonidan mammal Mina hui (Mammalia, Glires) from the Middle Paleocene of Qianshan, Anhui, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 54 (2): 121–136. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.2016.02.002.

[202] Fang-Yuan Mao; Chuan-Kui Li; Yuan-Qing Wang; Qian Li; Jin Meng (2016). "The incisor enamel microstructure of Mina hui (Mammalia, Glires) and its implication for the taxonomy of basal Glires". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 54 (2): 137–155. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.2016.02.003.

[203] Kentaro Chiba; Anthony R. Fiorillo; Louis L. Jacobs; Yuri Kimura; Yoshitsugu Kobayashi; Naoki Kohno; Yosuke Nishida; Michael J. Polcyn; Kohei Tanaka (2016). "A new desmostylian mammal from Unalaska (USA) and the robust Sanjussen jaw from Hokkaido (Japan), with comments on feeding in derived desmostylids". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 28 (1–2): 289–303. doi:10.1080/08912963.2015.1046718.

[AMN3867-204] Paúl M. Velazco; Michael J. Novacek (2016). "Systematics of the genus Palaeictops Matthew, 1899 (Mammalia, Leptictidae), with the description of two new species from the Middle Eocene of Utah and Wyoming". American Museum Novitates. 3867 (3867): 1–42. doi:10.1206/3867.1. hdl:2246/6691.

[205] Lucas Cheme Arriaga; María Teresa Dozo; Javier N. Gelfo (2016). "A new Cramaucheniinae (Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) from the early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (6): e1229672. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1229672.

[206] Qiang Li; Xijun Ni (2016). "An early Oligocene fossil demonstrates treeshrews are slowly evolving "living fossils"". Scientific Reports. 6: Article number 18627. doi:10.1038/srep18627. PMC 4725336. PMID 26766238.

[207] Craig S. Scott; Richard C. Fox; Cory M. Redman (2016). "A new species of the basal plesiadapiform Purgatorius (Mammalia, Primates) from the early Paleocene Ravenscrag Formation, Cypress Hills, southwest Saskatchewan, Canada: further taxonomic and dietary diversity in the earliest primates". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 53 (4): 343–354. doi:10.1139/cjes-2015-0238.

[208] Gabriele Sansalone; Tassos Kotsakis; Paolo Piras (2016). "New systematic insights about Plio-Pleistocene moles from Poland". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61 (1): 221–229. doi:10.4202/app.00116.2014.

[209] Fang-Yuan Mao; Yuan-Qing Wang; Qian Li; Xun Jin (2016). "New records of archaic ungulates from the Lower Eocene of Sanshui Basin, Guangdong, China". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 28 (6): 787–802. doi:10.1080/08912963.2015.1034120.

[210] "A new species of Trachytherus (Notoungulata: Mesotheriidae) from the late Oligocene (Deseadan) of Southern Peru and the middle latitude diversification of early diverging mesotheriids". Zootaxa. 4111 (5): 565–583. 2016. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4111.5.3. PMID 27395103. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)

[211] "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. 2016. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)

[212] Łucja Fostowicz-Frelik (2016). "A new zalambdalestid (Eutheria) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia and its implications for the origin of Glires" (PDF). Palaeontologia Polonica. 67: 127–136. doi:10.4202/pp.2016.67_127 (inactive 2020-04-03).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2020 (link)

[213] Andrew J. Conith; Michael J. Imburgia; Alfred J. Crosby; Elizabeth R. Dumont (2016). "The functional significance of morphological changes in the dentitions of early mammals". Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 13 (124): 20160713. doi:10.1098/rsif.2016.0713. PMC 5134021. PMID 28339367.

[214] Rebecca Pian; Michael Archer; Suzanne J. Hand; Robin M.D. Beck; Andrew Cody (2016). "The upper dentition and relationships of the enigmatic Australian Cretaceous mammal Kollikodon ritchiei". Memoirs of Museum Victoria. 74: 97–105. doi:10.24199/j.mmv.2016.74.10.

[215] "The mandible and dentition of the Early Cretaceous monotreme Teinolophos trusleri". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 40 (4): 475–501. 2016. doi:10.1080/03115518.2016.1180034. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)

[216] Masakazu Asahara; Masahiro Koizumi; Thomas E. Macrini; Suzanne J. Hand; Michael Archer (2016). "Comparative cranial morphology in living and extinct platypuses: Feeding behavior, electroreception, and loss of teeth". Science Advances. 2 (10): e1601329. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1601329. PMC 5061491. PMID 27757425.

[217] "A lower jaw of Palaeoxonodon from the Middle Jurassic of the Isle of Skye, Scotland, sheds new light on the diversity of British stem therians". Palaeontology. 59 (1): 155–169. 2016. doi:10.1111/pala.12218. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)

[218] David M. Grossnickle; Elis Newham (2016). "Therian mammals experience an ecomorphological radiation during the Late Cretaceous and selective extinction at the K–Pg boundary". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 283 (1832): 20160256. doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.0256.

[219] Shundong Bi; Xiaoting Zheng; Jin Meng; Xiaoli Wang; Nicole Robinson; Brian Davis (2016). "A new symmetrodont mammal (Trechnotheria: Zhangheotheriidae) from the Early Cretaceous of China and trechnotherian character evolution". Scientific Reports. 6: Article number 26668. doi:10.1038/srep26668. PMC 4877676. PMID 27215593.

[Cherwellia-220] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Percy M. Butler; Denise Sigogneau-Russell (2016). "Diversity of triconodonts in the Middle Jurassic of Great Britain" (PDF). Palaeontologia Polonica. 67: 35–65. doi:10.4202/pp.2016.67_035 (inactive 2020-04-03).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2020 (link)

[Culicolestes-221] Richard L. Cifelli; Joshua E. Cohen; Brian M. Davis (2016). "New tribosphenic mammals from the Mussentuchit Local Fauna (Cedar Mountain Formation, Cenomanian), Utah, USA" (PDF). Palaeontologia Polonica. 67: 67–81. doi:10.4202/pp.2016.67_067 (inactive 2020-04-03).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2020 (link)

[222] Gang Han; Jin Meng (2016). "A new spalacolestine mammal from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota and implications for the morphology, phylogeny, and palaeobiology of Laurasian 'symmetrodontans'". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 178 (2): 343–380. doi:10.1111/zoj.12416.

[223] Guillermo W. Rougier; Amir S. Sheth; Barton K. Spurlin; Minjin Bolortsetseg; Michael J. Novacek (2016). "Craniodental anatomy of a new Late Cretaceous multituberculate mammal from Udan Sayr, Mongolia" (PDF). Palaeontologia Polonica. 67: 197–248. doi:10.4202/pp.2016.67_197 (inactive 2020-04-03).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2020 (link)

[224] Thomas Martin; Julia A. Schultz; Achim H. Schwermann; Oliver Wings (2016). "First Jurassic mammals of Germany: Multituberculate teeth from Langenberg Quarry (Lower Saxony)" (PDF). Palaeontologia Polonica. 67: 171–179. doi:10.4202/pp.2016.67_171 (inactive 2020-04-03).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2020 (link)

[225] Maxime Debuysschere (2016). "A reappraisal of Theroteinus (Haramiyida, Mammaliaformes) from the Upper Triassic of Saint-Nicolas-de-Port (France)". PeerJ. 4: e2592. doi:10.7717/peerj.2592. PMC 5075691. PMID 27781174.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

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