Tarairiú language
| Tarairiú | |
|---|---|
| Otschukayana | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará |
| Extinct | (date missing) |
unclassified | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | tara1303 Tarairiújeni1237 Jenipapo-Kaninde |
Tarairiú AKA Caratiú is an extinct and very poorly known language of eastern Brazil. The Tarairiu nation was divided into several tribes: the Janduí, Kanindé, Paiaku (Pajacú, Bajacú), Jenipapo, Jenipabuçu, Javó, Kamaçu, Tukuriju, Ariu, and "Xukuru" / Xacó.
It was once spoken between the Assú River and Apodi River in Rio Grande do Norte.[1]
Extinct varieties
Below is a list of extinct Tarairiú language varieties listed by Loukotka (1968), including names of unattested varieties.[1]
- Xoró - once spoken on the Apodi River, state of Rio Grande do Norte.
- Janduí - once spoken between the Apodi River and Açú River, Rio Grande do Norte.
- Payacu - once spoken in Rio Grande do Norte in the Serra do Coité, Serra de São Bento and Serra Calabouço between the Jaguaribe River and Apodi River.
- Panatí - once spoken in the state of Paraíba in the Serra Panatí and near Villaflor.
- Miñari - once spoken in the valley of the Apodi River, Rio Grande do Norte.
- Panahi - language of the neighbors of the Miñari tribe, Rio Grande do Norte.
- Canindé - once spoken at the sources of the Choró River, state of Ceará.
- Genipapo - Portuguese name of an extinct language on the Choró River.
- Camamu - once spoken on the Acaraú River, Ceará.
- Itañá / Baturité - once spoken in the Serra de Baturité, Ceará.
- Candodú - language of a neighboring tribe of the Jucá, Quixetó and Caratiú.
- Caratiú - once spoken at the sources of the Poti River and in the valley of the Triá River, Ceará.
- Camasú - once spoken in Ceará state at the sources of the Acaratí-guasú River
- Acriú - once spoken on the left bank of the Acaraná River, Ceará.
- Anasé - spoken in Ceará, on the right bank of the Acaraú River.
Classification
The language is attested only through a few word lists. A few words resemble those of neighboring Kariri (and other Macro-Je) and Xukuru languages, but not enough to support a genealogical connection. Kaufman (1994) reports that "not even Greenberg dares classify this language".
Vocabulary
Some of the recorded words:
| Gloss | Tarairiú[2] |
|---|---|
| 'water' | teu |
| 'fire' | kiro-kia, intoá |
| 'stone' | kebra |
| 'head' | kreká |
| 'hair' | unj |
| 'ear' | bandulak |
| 'eye' | pigó |
| 'nose' | korõza |
| 'mouth' | moz |
| 'tooth' | cidolé |
| 'hand' | koreké |
| 'foot' | poyá |
| 'man' | xenupre |
| 'woman' | moela, moéça |
| 'son' | ako |
| 'house' | sok |
| 'eat' | kringó |
| 'sleep' | gonyã |
Resemblances with Macro-Jê languages are in kebra 'stone' (Proto-Je *kɛn), kreká 'head' (*krã), koreké 'hand' (*-ĩkra), and poyá 'foot' (*par). Resemblances with Xukuru are kiro- 'fire' (Xukuru kiyo), kringó 'eat' (kringgo 'feed'), sok 'house' (šekh).
Loukotka (1968) gives three words in Tarairiú:[1]
- agh 'sun'
- kén 'stone'
- ake 'tobacco'
For a more extensive vocabulary list of Tarairiú by de Souza (2009),[3] see the corresponding Portuguese article.
References
- ^ a b c Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- ^ J. de Souza Santos, 2009, p. 735-739
- ^ de Souza Santos, Juvandi. 2009. Cariri e Tarairiú?: culturas tapuais nos sertões da Paraíba. Doutorado em História. Porto Alegre: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul.
- Juvandi de Souza Santos (2009): Cariri e tarairiú? Culturas tapuias nos sertoẽs da Paraíba (Tesis doctoral), Porto Alegre, Pontificia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande do Sul.