List of political parties in Finland
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This article is a list of political parties in Finland, which includes Finland's national-level political parties and excludes local and provincial parties (such as the parties of Åland). A party is defined as a political association whose existence is recorded in the Ministry of Justice's party register.[1]
Finland has a multi-party system. Coalition governments which comprise a majority of seats in the Parliament of Finland are the norm. Those parties which are not in government are called the opposition. Due to the lack of an electoral threshold, many parties are usually represented in Parliament. As a result, it is all but impossible for one party to win a majority. Additionally, the socialist and non-socialist blocs usually cannot win enough seats between them to form a governing coalition on their own. Most Finnish governments, particularly since World War II, have thus been grand coalitions comprising parties stretching across the political spectrum.
Parties work in parliamentary groups (eduskuntaryhmät), usually voting with party discipline, which is however not absolute.
Parties are composed of local chapters based in municipalities. In municipalities, which are fundamental administrative units of the country, parties hold seats in the municipal councils, but often have to compete for them with local non-party groups.
Finnish law states that a political association which fulfills certain conditions is eligible to become a political party free of charge.[1] Among these conditions are:
- that the primary purpose of the association is to affect governmental affairs,
- that it has received at least 5,000 votes in any parliamentary, municipal, or European Parliament election,
- that the association's rules secure the following of democratic principles in its decision making and activities,
- and that it has a general program based on these rules which expresses the association's principles and goals regarding its actions in governmental affairs.
A registered party may nominate candidates in any national and local elections, and a party that is represented in parliament is entitled to a government subsidy relative to its number of seats. To qualify as a registered party, an association must have bylaws guaranteeing democratic internal organization and must be able to present 5,000 signatures from supporters who are eligible to vote. A party that fails to win a single seat in two consecutive parliamentary elections is stricken from the register but may apply again. (In contrast, a voluntary association has a requirement of 20,000 supporters and is not eligible for party subsidy.)
Parliamentary parties
Extra-parliamentary parties
Registered
Those parties that have received neither a seat in the Parliament of Finland nor in the European Parliament, but which are registered political parties, are listed below.
Unregistered
| Party | Ideology | CCs | Leader | Founded | Ref | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| width="5px" style="background-color: Template:Communist Party of Finland (1994)/meta/color" | | Communist Party Kommunistinen Puolue Kommunistiska Parti |
Template:Communist Party of Finland (1994)/meta/abbr | Communism | 2 | Juha-Pekka Väisänen | 1994 | [2][3][4] |
| style="background-color: Template:Communist Workers' Party – For Peace and Socialism/meta/color" | | Communist Workers' Party Kommunistinen Työväenpuolue Kommunistiska Arbetarpartiet |
Template:Communist Workers' Party – For Peace and Socialism/meta/abbr | Communism Marxism–Leninism |
0 | Mikko Vartiainen | 1988 | [2][3][4] |
| style="background-color: Template:Change 2011/meta/color" | | Change 2011 Muutos 2011 Förändring 2011 |
Template:Change 2011/meta/abbr | Direct democracy | 0 | Anita Saarinen | 2009 | [4][14][15] |
Historical parties
Parliamentary historical parties
Extra-parliamentary historical parties
- Swedish party (Ruotsalainen puolue) 1870–1906
- Liberal party (Liberaalinen puolue) 1880–1885
- Finnish Active Resistance Party (Suomen aktiivinen vastustuspuolue) 1904–1908
- National Workers' Party (Kansallinen Työväenpuolue) 1917–?
- Socialist Party of Work (Sosialistinen Työpuolue) 1917–1919
- Peasant People's Party (Talonpoikaiskansan puolue) 1924–1933
- Farmers' Party (Maanviljelijäin Puolue) 1927–1929
- United Front (Yhteisrintama) 193?–1940
- New Finnish Party (Uusi Suomalainen Puolue) 1932–1945
- Finnish Socialist Party (Suomalaissosialistinen Puolue) 1932–1937
- Patriotic People's Party (Isänmaallinen Kansanpuolue) 1932–1933
- Finnish People's Organisation (Suomen Kansan Järjestö) 1933–1936
- Finnish Socialist Workers' Party (Suomalaissosialistinen Työväen Puolue) 1934–1944
- Work Front of Finland (Suomen Työrintama) 1936–1939
- Party of Finnish National Work (Suomalais-Kansallisen Työn Puolue) 1939–?
- National Socialist People's Party of Finland (Suomen Kansallissosialistinen Työväenpuolue) 1940–1943
- Neo-Socialist Party (Uus-sosialistinen puolue) 1940–1945
- Organisation of National Socialists (Kansallissosialistien Järjestö) 1940–1944
- National Socialists of Finland (Suomen Kansallissosialistit) 1941–1944
- Radical People's Party (Radikaalinen Kansanpuolue) 1944–1951
- Independent Middle Class (Itsenäinen keskiluokka) 1949–1951
- Finnish People's Party (Suomalainen kansanpuolue) 1950s
- Independence Party (Itsenäisyyspuolue) 1960s
- Party Organisation of Finnish Entrepreneurs (Suomen Yksityisyrittäjäin Puoluejärjestö) 1972–1979
- Socialist Workers' Party (Sosialistinen Työväenpuolue) 1973–1990
- Pensioners' Party of Finland (Suomen Eläkeläisten Puolue) 1985–1999
- Joint Responsibility Party (Yhteisvastuu puolue) 1987–2007
- Senior Citizens' Party of Finland (Suomen Senioripuolue), 1990–2014
- Women's Party (Naisten puolue) 1990–1995
- Party of Humanity (Ihmisyydenpuolue) 1991–1995
- Finnish People's Blue-whites (Suomen Kansan Sinivalkoiset, SKS) 1993–2010
- Patriotic People's Movement (Isänmaallinen kansanliike), 1993–2010
- Natural Law Party (Luonnonlain puolue) 1994–2001
- Workers' Party of Finland (Suomen Työväenpuolue) 1999–2018
- Forces for Change in Finland (Muutosvoimat Suomi) 2002–2007
- For the Poor (Köyhien Asialla) 2002–2015
- Blue and White Front (Sinivalkoinen Rintama) 2009–2015
See also
- Parliament of Finland
- Government of Finland
- President of Finland
- Elections in Finland
- Politics of Finland
- List of political parties in Åland
- List of ruling political parties by country
References
- ^ a b "Puoluelaki 10/1969" [Party Law 10/1969]. www.finlex.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 2019-07-28.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "List of Registered Parties". Vaalit.fi. Ministry of Justice. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Rekisteröidyt puolueet". Vaalit.fi (in Finnish). Ministry of Justice. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Puolueiden nimet ja lyhenteet". Kielitoimiston ohjepankki (in Finnish). Retrieved 2018-03-20.
- ^ "Här är listan på alla som är med i Harkimos nya rörelse". Hufvudstadsbladet (in Swedish). 23 April 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Ijäs, Johannes (27 April 2018). "Harkimo (liik) siirretään perussuomalaisten ja keskustan väliin takariviin". Demokraatti (in Finnish). Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Karkkola, Minna (7 May 2018). "Tutkija löysi paradoksin Hjallis Harkimon liikkeestä: 'Saadaanko tavoitteella tismalleen päinvastainen lopputulos?'". Uusi Suomi (in Finnish). Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Räsänen, Jukka-Pekka (21 April 2018). "Nimet julki: he ovat Liike Nytin taustalla". Savon Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Paakkanen, Mikko (11 December 2018). "Suomeen rekisteröitiin uusi maahanmuuttovastainen puolue". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 11 December 2018.
- ^ "Kansallismielinen Suomen Kansa Ensin puoluerekisteriin". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). STT. 11 December 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
- ^ Pettersson, Dann (1 August 2018). "HS: Paavo Väyrynen misstänkts använda e-postlista från sitt förra parti - 'Uppgifterna är stulna' säger Medborgarpartiet". Yle News (in Swedish). Retrieved 19 November 2018.
- ^ "Ex-Centre elder Paavo Väyrynen sets up yet another party". Yle News. 27 July 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
- ^ "Seitsemän tähden liike puoluerekisteriin" (in Finnish). Yle. 21 December 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
- ^ "Hirvisaari perustaa Muutos 2011 -nimisen eduskuntaryhmän | Yle Uutiset" (in Finnish). yle.fi. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
- ^ "Muutospuolue" (in Finnish). Change 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2018.