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2013 Philippine general election

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For specific elections, see Philippine Senate election, 2013; Philippine House of Representatives elections, 2013; Philippine local elections, 2013; and Philippine gubernatorial elections, 2013.

2013 Philippine general election
Senate (24 seats; 12 up)
House of Representatives (292 seats; all up)
Provincial (80 provinces; all up)
80 governors


80 vice governors
766 board members
Cities (all up)
143 city mayors
143 city vice mayors
1,598 city councilors
Municipalities (all up)
1,491 municipal mayors
1,491 municipal vice mayors
11,932 municipal councilors
Excludes ex officio members for local legislatures
Politics of the Philippines
Government
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Constitutional commissions
Elections
Political parties
Administrative divisions
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A general election was held in the Philippines on May 13, 2013. It was a midterm election—the officials elected will be sworn in on June 30, 2013, midway through President Benigno Aquino III's term of office.

Being elected are 12 senators (half of the Senate), and all 229 district members of the House of Representatives. These national elections were held on the same day as local and gubernatorial elections, as well as a general election in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. In total, there were 18,022 national and local positions up for election.[1]

Barangay officials, including barangay captains, were elected on October 28, 2013. The elections for SK officials were held at the same day, but on September 24, 2013, the Congress of the Philippines voted to postpone of the election for at least a year.[2]

Preparations

7-Eleven in Baliuag, Bulacan, offering customers a chance to show support for a coalition.

Registration of voters and candidates

The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) ended the year-long registration of new voters and voters transferring residences nationwide, apart from the general registration of voters in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) on October 31, 2012. Due to the commission not allowing an extension of registration, COMELEC offices nationwide were swamped with people on the last day of registration, although the process was mostly peaceful.[3]

The COMELEC held a week-long separate registration for prospective candidates starting from October 1. The commission is expected to release a final list of candidates by October 6. Candidates running for the Senate should file certificates of candidacies at the commission's main office at Intramuros, while those running for the other positions should file at their local COMELEC offices.[4]

The commission completed the cleansing of the voters list in the ARMM, rejecting 236,489 names. Most were either double registrants or were too young to vote.[5]

Absentee voting

Registered voters who are members of the military, police, civil service and media who cannot vote at their voting precincts on election day may opt to register for local absentee voting.

Overseas

The commission removed 238,557 overseas absentee voters from the voters' list after failing to manifest their intention to vote. Out of about 915,000 overseas voters, more than 200,000 had not voted in two preceding elections and were sent notices; only 29 replied and were not removed from the voters' list.[6] However, after being slammed by the overseas Filipinos on their disenfranchisement, the commission reinstated the 238,557 overseas absentee voters; they also extended the deadline for the period of filing of the manifestation of intent to vote until election day itself.[7] Overseas absentee voting started on April 13, and continued until election day. Depending on the diplomatic mission, a voter may vote personally or via the mail, and via manually or via the automated system. Voting in Saudi Arabia began on April 16 after the Saudi customs refused to release the voting paraphernalia in time for April 13.[8]

Local

Members of the police, military, members of the civil service and the media who had previously registered for local absentee voting voted for the Senate and party-list elections from April 28 to 30. Those which failed to vote at this period are still eligible to vote on election day itself.[9] Out of the 18,332 voters that registered, 12,732 were found to be qualified by the commission and were allowed to vote. However, the commission said that the turnout was low; chairman Sixto Brillantes rued the low turnout, pointing out that the election was not on a presidential election year as the cause.[10]

Campaigning

On January 13, the election period began. This allowed the commission to impose prohibitions on 24 activities, including a nationwide ban on guns and other deadly weapons on that day.[11]

The commission released regulations on online campaigning on January 16. The COMELEC resolution stipulated that online propaganda can only be published on a website thrice a week, and allows advertisements in the form of pop-ups, banners and the like. Campaigning via social websites such as Twitter and Facebook would not be regulated. This is the first election the commission has regulated online campaigning.[12] The commission dramatically reduced the amount of airtime candidates and parties can use during the campaign period. Previously, the commission imposed a 120-minute airtime limit on every TV station and 180 minutes on radio stations; for 2013, the commission capped the cumulative airtime to 120 minutes on TV and 180 minutes on radio for all networks. This was a reversion on the 2004, 2007 and 2010 elections, and returned to the original 2001 limit. The Fair Elections Act was not clear on whether the 120 minutes for TV and 180 minutes for radio were for every station or for all stations.[13]

The commission, in a cost-saving measure, announced on January 18 that they ruled to use plastic seals with serial numbers instead of padlocks in securing ballot boxes. Chairman Sixto Brillantes remarked that padlocks are bulky and expensive, as compared to plastic seals cannot be tampered with and are cheaper. The commission expects to save more than 50% if plastic seals will be used; plastic seals would cost the commission P14 million, while padlocks would have cost them P34.2 million. The commission also announced that voters would no longer place their thumbprints on the ballot; instead signatures would be used.[14]

On January 23, the commission announced that it will be regulating the use of political colors, logos and insignias during the campaign. It monitored television personalities on whether they are being paid to wear colors that are connected to certain candidates.[15] The commission also imposed a right of reply provision, that would give equal time and space for charges against candidates. This was also the first time the commission imposed the rule; the rule has been heavily opposed by the press, but Commission Rene Sarmiento said the rule balances the freedom of expression and public interest.[16]

On mid-April, the Supreme Court issued a temporary restraining order on limiting the airtime of political advertisements by candidates by the Commission on Elections. Voting 9–6, the high court favored the petition by Team PNoy senatorial candidate Alan Peter Cayetano to halt the implementation of Resolution No. 9615 and its amendment, Resolution No. 9631.[17] The airtime limit presently stands at an aggregate of 120 minutes in all TV networks and 180 minutes in all radio stations for all national candidates and an aggregate of 60 minutes in all TV networks and 90 minutes in all radio stations for all local candidates. Sixto Brillantes, dismayed and the high court rulings adverse to the election commission threatened to resign but later relented after a meeting with President Aquino.[18]

Source code

Smartmatic, the source of the machines that were used in the automated elections, is embroiled in a dispute with Dominion Voting Systems over the ownership of the software that were used by the machines. This source code is mandated to be released by law.[19] By early April, chairman Sixto Brillantes said that the deal to release the source was "97 percent" of being completed.[20] However, on late April, Brillantes said that "I’m no longer interested because it’s too late already. Election day is so close and even if they give us the source code now, it can no longer be reviewed for lack of time." Brillantes assured the public that despite the nonexistence of the source code, the machines can still work via the binary code.[21] On early May, senatorial candidate Richard Gordon petitioned to the Supreme Court the commission to order the latter to reveal the source code to local review groups. Gordon, who authored the law mandating the automated elections, said that the commission does not have the discretion on whether or not political parties can review the source code.[22]

A few days after Gordon's petition, or exactly a week before the election, Brillantes announced that Smartmatic and Dominion signed an agreement releasing the source code, and that it would be presented to the public on May 8. Critics scored that the late release of the source code is not possible with only a few days remaining before the elections.[23] On May 9, Dominion turned the source code, which was in a CD, to the commission. Dominion, the commission and SLI Global Solutions, which had certified the source code months earlier, encrypted the source code on a computer provided by the commission. The source code was then burned anew to a separate CD-R, placed inside a safety box, and was delivered to the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas to be kept in a vault.[24]

Bans

Gun ban

The commission issued a nationwide gun ban that started on January 13, and will last for five months, until June 12, 2013, or a month after the election.[25] By April 19, the number of violations to the gun ban was at 2,053.[26]

Liquor ban

The commission also issued an "expanded" liquor ban: instead of banning intoxicating substances on election day and election eve, the commission included the four days preceding the election. Foreigners and certain hotels and similar establishments were exempted.[27] However, the Supreme Court of the Philippines issued a restraining order reverting to the two-day liquor ban after it upheld a petition by the Food and Beverage Inc. and International Wines and Spirits Association.[28] The commission then withdrew its resolution instituting the five-day liquor ban, reverting the ban to two days as originally intended by law.[29]

Money ban

In order to curb vote buying, the commission issued a resolution prohibiting bank withdrawals of more than 100,000 pesos.[30] However, Secretary of Justice Leila de Lima expressed reservations on the constitutionality of the so-called "money ban",[31] and the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas has explicitly stated that it would not comply with the commission's resolution.[32]

The commission subsequently released a supplemental resolution amending the "money ban", which gives the banks the discretion on whether to allow bank withdrawals or not.[33] However, the Supreme Court issued a status quo ante order against the "money ban", acting upon a petition by the Bankers Association of the Philippines.[34]

Results

Polls opened at 7:00 and there were over 52 million eligible voters to vote for the more than 18,000 positions. In addition, police and military forces were put on higher alert for expectations of violence which had resulted in about 60 deaths since campaigning began.[35]

Congress

See also: 16th Congress of the Philippines

The congressmen elected in 2013, together with those senators elected in the 2010 elections, shall comprise the 16th Congress of the Philippines.

Senate

Main article: 2013 Philippine Senate election
Proportion of votes garnered by each slate per province and some cities.

Twelve of the 24 seats in the Senate, or the seats up in odd-numbered years, are up for election, including the seat vacated in 2010 by the current president, Benigno Aquino III. Elections to the Senate are via plurality-at-large voting: the voter having 12 votes per candidate, and the candidates with the 12 highest number of votes being elected. Template:Philippine Senate election per party, 2013

House of Representatives

Main article: 2013 Philippine House of Representatives elections

All 292 seats in the House of Representatives are up. A voter had two votes in the House of Representatives elections: one for party-list representatives, which shall comprise at most 20% of the seats, and another for district representatives, which shall comprise the rest of the seats.

District elections
Election results per district.

Elections are via first past the post system: the candidate with the highest number of votes wins that district's seat in the House of Representatives. There are 234 seats to be disputed.

PartyVotes%+/–Seats+/–
Liberal Party10,557,26537.56+18.38109+62
Nationalist People's Coalition4,800,90717.08+1.4042+13
United Nationalist Alliance3,140,38111.17New8New
National Unity Party2,402,0978.55New24New
Nacionalista Party2,364,4008.41−2.7918−7
Lakas–CMD1,472,4645.24−32.0914−92
PDP–Laban281,3201.00+0.290−2
Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino144,0300.51+1.980−4
Bukidnon Paglaum100,4050.36New1New
Aksyon Demokratiko97,9820.35−0.0900
Kambilan ning Memalen Kapampangan96,4330.34New1New
Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran94,9660.34+0.1410
Unang Sigaw ng Nueva Ecija94,9520.34New1New
Kilusang Bagong Lipunan94,4840.34−0.1210
United Negros Alliance91,4670.33New1New
Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino90,0700.32−0.1520
Kusug Agusanon71,4360.25New1New
Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod65,3240.23New00
Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines68,2810.24New1New
Sulong Zambales60,2800.21New00
Partidong Pagbabago ng Palawan57,4850.20New1New
Kapayapaan, Kaunlaran at Katarungan54,4250.19+0.1600
Akbayan34,2390.12New1New
Partido Magdiwang23,2530.08−0.0110
One Cebu21,9360.08New00
Ang Kapatiran19,0190.07−0.0100
Adelante Zamboanga Party15,8810.06New00
Partido ng Manggagawa at Magsasaka10,3960.04−2.590−1
Partido Lakas ng Masa10,1960.04New00
Makabayan3,8700.01New00
Ompia Party1,6820.01New00
Democratic Party of the Philippines1,0710.00New00
Independent1,665,3245.92−0.936−1
Party-list seats[a]59+2
Total28,107,721100.00–293+7
Valid votes28,107,72170.02−19.45
Invalid/blank votes12,036,48629.98+19.45
Total votes40,144,207––
Registered voters/turnout52,014,64877.18+2.84
  1. ^ Originally, only 58 seats were up in the party-list election. An additional seat was then seated, then two seats were ultimately not seated until the end of the congressional term.
Party-list election
Main article: Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, 2013

Elections are via a closed list modified Hare quota system with a 2% election threshold. A voter may vote for one party. The parties are then ranked in descending order of votes. In the first round of seat allocation, the parties that win at least 2% of the vote win one seat each. In the second round, the remaining seats are distributed via the Hare quota, with remainders disregarded; however, a party may not win more than three seats. If the number of seats that are already distributed does not equal the number of seats reserved for party-list representatives, one seat shall be awarded to every party that did not win seats in the second round, including parties that did not surpass the 2% threshold, until the seats reserved for party-list representatives are filled up.

Major parties are prohibited from running in the party-list election, which was instituted to allow marginalized sectors of society to join the political process. With 234 district seats, and party-list seats should comprise at most 20% of the seats, there were 58 seats up for election

PartyVotes%+/–Seats+/–
Buhay Hayaan Yumabong1,270,6084.59+0.333+1
A Teacher Partylist1,042,8633.77+1.6620
Bayan Muna954,7243.45+0.9020
1st Consumers Alliance for Rural Energy934,9153.38+0.7520
Akbayan829,1492.99−0.6220
Abono768,2652.77+0.1620
Ako Bicol Political Party763,3162.76−2.442−1
OFW Family Club752,2292.72New2New
Gabriela Women's Party715,2502.58−0.8420
Coalition of Association of Senior Citizens in the Philippines679,1682.45−1.9620
Cooperative NATCCO Network Party642,0052.32−0.9020
Agricultural Sector Alliance of the Philippines592,4632.14+0.382+1
Citizens' Battle Against Corruption584,9062.11−0.1120
Magdalo para sa Pilipino567,4262.05New2New
An Waray[a]541,2051.95−0.471−1
Abante Mindanao466,1141.68+0.4010
ACT Teachers454,3461.64+0.3710
Butil Farmers Party439,5571.59−0.1410
Anak Mindanao 382,2671.38+0.831New
Anti-Crime and Terrorism Community Involvement and Support377,1651.36+1.371New
Kalinga-Advocacy for Social Empowerment and Nation-Building Through Easing Poverty372,3831.34−0.5610
LPG Marketers Association370,8971.34−0.0910
Trade Union Congress Party369,2861.33+0.5010
You against Corruption and Poverty366,6211.32+0.1810
Agri-Agra na Reforma para sa Magsasaka ng Pilipinas Movement366,1701.32+1.161New
Angkla: Ang Partido ng mga Pilipinong Marino360,4971.30New1New
Arts Business and Science Professionals359,5871.30+0.4210
Democratic Independent Workers Association341,8201.23+0.4210
Kabataan341,2921.23−0.1910
Anakpawis321,7451.16−0.3710
Alay Buhay Community Development Foundation317,3551.15+0.5910
Ang Asosasyon Sang Mangunguma Nga Bisaya-Owa Mangunguma312,3121.13−0.0910
Social Amelioration & Genuine Intervention on Poverty287,7391.04New1New
Alliance of Volunteer Educators270,4310.98+0.2410
Adhikaing Tinataguyod ng Kooperatiba267,7630.97+0.3710
Abang Lingkod260,9230.94+0.831New
1 Banat & Ahapo Coalition245,5290.89New1New
Abakada Guro244,7540.88+0.561New
Ang Mata'y Alagaan244,0260.88+0.671New
Ang Nars243,3600.88New1New
Ang National Coalition of Indigenous Peoples Action Na241,5050.87New1New
Agbiag! Timpuyog Ilocano240,8410.87−0.0310
Append236,3530.85+0.861New
Ang Laban ng Indiginong Filipino223,8570.81+0.030−1
Ating Guro214,0800.77New00
Puwersa ng Bayaning Atleta212,2980.77−0.110−1
Aangat Tayo207,8550.75+0.140−1
Kasangga sa Kaunlaran202,4560.73−0.280−1
Bagong Henerasyon190,0010.69−0.310−1
Kapatiran ng mga Nakulong na Walang Sala175,0960.63−0.170−1
Piston Land Transport Coalition174,9760.63New00
Bayani165,9060.60+0.3400
Aksyon Magsasaka-Partido Tinig ng Masa165,7840.60+0.0400
Agrarian Development Association164,7020.59+0.5000
Isang Alyansang Aalalay sa Pinoy Skilled Workers162,5520.59New00
Abante Retirees Partylist Organization161,9150.58+0.5900
Katribu Indigenous Peoples Sectoral Party153,8440.56+0.1700
Association of Laborers and Employees153,6160.55+0.5600
1 Joint Alliance of Marginalized Group153,0720.55−0.2500
Action Brotherhood for Active Dreamers150,8540.54−0.030−1
Veterans Freedom Party148,5910.54−0.0100
Association of Philippine Electric Cooperatives146,3920.53−0.540−1
Pasang Masda Nationwide134,9440.49+0.3700
Una ang Pamilya131,9540.48−0.260−1
Alyansa ng mga Grupong Haligi ng Agham at Teknolohiya para sa Mamamayan130,6940.47−0.360−1
Ang Prolife129,9890.47New00
Pilipino Association for Country-Urban Poor Youth Advancement and Welfare123,7910.45−0.0400
1-United Transport Koalisyon123,4890.45−0.300−1
Isang Lapian ng Mangingisda at Bayan Tungo sa Kaunlaran119,5050.43New00
Isang Pangarap ng Bahay sa Bagong Buhay ng Maralitang Kababayan117,5160.42+0.4300
Akap Bata Sectoral Organization for Children116,8370.42+0.0500
Abante Katutubo111,6250.40+0.3100
Firm 24-K Association103,3160.37+0.0400
Alyansang Bayanihan ng mga Magsasaka Manggagawang Bukid at Mangingisda102,0210.37−0.1000
Ang Ladlad Lgbt Party100,9580.36−0.0200
Ang Agrikultura Natin Isulong94,6510.34+0.1400
Kasosyo Producer-Consumer Exchange Association93,5810.34−0.270−1
1 Bro-Philippine Guardians Brotherhood88,6030.32New00
Pilipinos with Disabilities87,2470.32New00
Sanlakas86,8540.31New00
Abante Tribung Makabansa86,1450.31−0.2000
Ako Ayoko sa Bawal na Droga81,3780.29−0.0200
Adhikain ng mga Dakilang Anak Maharlika80,3980.29+0.0600
Association for Righteousness Advocacy in Leadership77,2060.28+0.1400
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan All Filipino Democratic Movement76,8380.28−0.2900
Sectoral Party ang Minero71,5340.26+0.1200
Action League of Indigenous Masses67,8070.24−0.0600
Ating Agapay Sentrong Samahan ng mga Obrero65,1190.24New00
1-A Action Moral & Values Recovery Reform Philippines65,0950.24+0.2200
Aagapay sa Matatanda59,8440.22+0.2100
1 Guardians Nationalist of the Philippines58,4060.21−0.2000
Adhikain at Kilusan ng Ordinaryong Tao para sa Lupa Pabahay Hanapbuhay at Kaunlaran51,8060.19+0.0100
Migrante Sectoral Party of Overseas Filipinos and Their Families51,4310.19New00
Alyansa ng OFW Party51,0690.18−0.1300
Ugnayan ng Maralita Laban sa Kahirapan45,4920.16New00
Alliance for Rural Concerns45,1200.16−0.0400
Alliance of Bicolnon Party44,3240.16−0.0300
Blessed Federation of Farmers and Fishermen International43,8290.16−0.0500
Alliance of Advocates in Mining Advancement for National Progress42,8530.15−0.0100
Advance Community Development in New Generation42,8190.15New00
Alliance for Rural and Agrarian Reconstruction41,2570.15−0.3500
United Movement against Drug Foundation41,0230.15+0.0500
Association of Marine Officer & Ratings40,9550.15New00
Mamamayan Tungo sa Maunlad na Pilipinas40,2180.15New00
Anti-War/Anti-Terror Mindanao Peace Movement39,2060.14+0.0100
Green Force for the Environment Sons and Daughters of Mother Earth30,5810.11−0.0400
Agila ng Katutubong Pilipino29,7390.11−0.2500
Alyansa ng Media at Showbiz28,2630.10+0.0400
Alagad27,8830.10−0.680−1
Alliance for Philippines Security Guards Cooperative27,4000.10+0.0400
Kababaihang Lingkod Bayan sa Pilipinas24,3690.09−0.0900
1-Abilidad21,9000.08+0.0700
Alyansa Lumad Mindanao19,3810.07+0.0100
Total27,687,240100.00–58+3
Valid votes27,687,24068.97−9.91
Invalid/blank votes12,456,96731.03+9.91
Total votes40,144,207––
Registered voters/turnout52,982,17375.77+1.43
Source: COMELEC tally winning parties 1 2 3; Supreme Court: Abang Lingkod, Senior Citizens
  1. ^ An Waray was initially entitled to two seats following the 2013 election. However after a re-computation ordered by the Supreme Court it was determined that An Waray only secured one seat.[36] Victoria Noel assumed position as An Waray's second representative without a proclamation from the Commission on Elections.[37][38]


Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao elections

Main article: 2013 Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao general election

Originally scheduled for 2011, Congress postponed the election to 2013 in order for reforms to be put in place and for the regional election to be synchronized with the 2013 election. All seats of regional elected officials are up.

Local elections

Main article: 2013 Philippine local elections
See also: 2013 Philippine gubernatorial elections
Gubernatorial election results.

All local government units (LGUs) had their elections on this day. Positions up are mayors, vice mayors, councilors, and if applicable, governors, vice governors and board members.

Position Lakas LDP LP NP NPC NUP PDP
Laban 		PMP UNA Others Ind. Total
Regional governor 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Regional vice governor 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Regional assemblyman 0 0 20 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 24
Provincial governor 1 0 36 7 14 8 1 0 4 4 5 80
Provincial vice governor 3 2 36 11 12 4 0 0 5 2 5 80
Provincial board members 18 5 300 102 112 74 4 3 44 47 57 766
City mayor 6 0 61 9 22 10 3 1 16 10 5 143
City vice mayor 4 2 57 12 19 11 1 1 16 13 7 143
City councilors 41 10 647 153 206 88 24 6 169 135 119 1,598
Municipal mayor 35 9 604 150 224 128 18 21 113 97 87 1,491
Municipal vice mayor 33 11 570 154 220 112 16 13 114 87 154 1,491
Municipal councilors 282 66 4,629 1,219 1,560 882 132 91 841 685 1,834 11,932

Controversies

Election watchdog AES Watch has called the 2013 elections "a technology and political disaster" due to several controversies, including premature proclamation of candidates and irregular decisions made during the canvassing.[39]

PCOS transmission issues

On the day of elections, an estimated 18,000 voting machines, representing a quarter of the total 78,000 machines, experienced problems in transmitting the voting results.[40] The Comelec claimed that the problems were caused not by the machines themselves, but by corrupted compact flash cards and issues with the cellular network coverage. Comelec Chairman Sixto Brillantes claimed that the Comelec was aware of problems with cellular network coverage, but deliberately kept it from the public until after the election.[40] The poll watchdog AES Watch issued a statement on May 18, saying that up to 8.6 million votes had been affected, or possibly disenfranchised.[40]

Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company, the Philippines' largest telecommunications company, released a statement dismissing the Comelec's allegations of cellular network problems, saying that the combined networks of Smart Communications and Sun Cellular covered every city and municipality in the country, and no unusually heavy traffic was recorded on election day.[41]

The Comelec failed to meet its self-imposed deadline of proclaiming winners in the senatorial election 48 hours after the end of the voting period.[41]

Senatorial winners proclamation

The COMELEC proclaimed the first six senatorial winners of the election on May 16, though only 20 percent of election results had been canvassed.[39] Three more winners were proclaimed the following day.[39] The winners were proclaimed alphabetically rather than by the number of votes garnered, since the vote totals had not yet been finalized.[39] Winning candidates Nancy Binay and Koko Pimentel declined to attend the proclamation, on the advice of their lawyers.[39]

Lack of source code review

Following the election, a poll watchdog alleged that the Comelec failed to do a review of the source code for voting machines used in the election, in violation of the Automated Election Systems Law.[42] Under the law, the technical committee must have documented certification that the all hardware and software components were operating properly at least three months before the elections.[42]

Vote-rigging speculation

Speculations of election fraud turned up following the elections, as the vote canvassing revealed a "60-30-10" pattern of votes—wherein administration, opposition, and independent senatorial candidates consistently obtained 60 percent, 30 percent, and 10 percent of the votes respectively.[42]

See also

References

  1. ^ "All systems go for the filing of COCs starting Monday --Comelec". Philippine News Agency. September 30, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  2. ^ "SK polls postponed; Congress says no holdovers" – Philippine Star
  3. ^ Cayabyab, Marc Jayson (October 31, 2012). "Chaos marks last day of voters' registration in QC". GMA News Online. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  4. ^ Zurbano, Joel E. (October 12, 2012). "Comelec adds new rules to COCs". Manila Standard-Today. Retrieved January 19, 2013.[permanent dead link‍]
  5. ^ "Comelec rejects 236,489 ARMM 'voters'". Rappler.com. November 22, 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  6. ^ "Over 200,000 voters abroad delisted from official voters' list — Comelec". GMA News Online. January 18, 2013. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  7. ^ Uy, Jocelyn R. (March 6, 2013). "Comelec reinstates 238,000 OFWs on absentee voters' list". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 7, 2013.
  8. ^ Crisostomo, Shiela (April 13, 2013). "Overseas absentee voting starts today". Philippine Star. Retrieved May 7, 2013.
  9. ^ "3-day local absentee voting starts". GMA News Online. April 13, 2013. Retrieved May 7, 2013.
  10. ^ Crisostomo, Shiela (May 2, 2013). "'Absentee voting turnout disappointing'". Philippine Star. Retrieved May 7, 2013.
  11. ^ Rufo, Aries (January 13, 2013). "24 election-related bans taking place". Rappler.com. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  12. ^ "For the first time, Comelec to regulate online campaign gimmicks". GMA News Online. January 16, 2013. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  13. ^ Fonbuena, Carmela (January 16, 2013). "Huge cuts in bets' TV, radio ad minutes". Rappler.com. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
  14. ^ Santos, Matikas (January 18, 2013). "Comelec uses plastic seals instead of padlocks". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
  15. ^ Crisostomo, Shiela (January 23, 2013). "Comelec to regulate campaign colors as poll propaganda". Philippine Star. Retrieved January 23, 2013.
  16. ^ Cayabyab, Marc Jayson (January 23, 2013). "Comelec to impose right of reply rule for candidates in May polls". GMA News Online. Retrieved January 23, 2013.
  17. ^ "SC stops Comelec's airtime limits". Rappler.com. April 16, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  18. ^ "PNoy to Brillantes: Don't quit now". ABS-CBN News.com. April 19, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  19. ^ Jaymalin, Mayen (December 3, 2012). "Smartmatic insists on authenticity of PCOS source code". Philippine Star. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  20. ^ Santos, Tina G. (April 4, 2013). "Comelec close to deal with Dominion, Smartmatic on release of source code". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 7, 2013.
  21. ^ Crisostomo, Shiela (April 23, 2013). "Brillantes gives up on source code review". Philippine Star. Retrieved May 7, 2013.
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  25. ^ Go, Miriam Grace (January 12, 2013). "Gun ban starts amid tense political mood". Rappler. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  26. ^ "Gun ban-related arrests break 2,000-mark". GMA News Online. April 19, 2013. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  27. ^ "Liquor ban to start May 9". ABS-CBNnews.com. May 7, 2013. Retrieved May 7, 2013.
  28. ^ Louis Bacani and Dennis Carcamo (May 8, 2013). "SC stops liquor ban from May 9–11". Philippine Star. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  29. ^ Marueñas, Mark (May 8, 2013). "SC cuts five-day liquor ban to two days". GMA News Online. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  30. ^ Esmaquel, Paterno II (May 7, 2013). "Comelec: 'Money ban' to fight vote buying". Rappler. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  31. ^ "Bangko Sentral refuses to comply with Comelec order limiting cash withdrawals". GMA News Online. May 8, 2013. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  32. ^ Legaspi, Amita (May 7, 2013). "Bangko Sentral refuses to comply with Comelec order limiting cash withdrawals". GMA News Online. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
  33. ^ "Amid stiff opposition, Comelec softens up on 'money ban'". GMA News Online. May 10, 2013. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  34. ^ Aning, Jerome (May 11, 2013). "Supreme Court stops poll money ban". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  35. ^ "Voting closes in Philippine mid-term polls". www.aljazeera.com.
  36. ^ Panti, Llanesca (June 2, 2023). "Comelec cancels registration of An Waray party-list". GMA News. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  37. ^ Salaverria, Leila B. (January 15, 2014). "Lawyer asks House to unseat An Waray lawmaker". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  38. ^ Leon, Dwight de (September 27, 2023). "House unseats An Waray lawmaker Bem Noel after losing election case". Rappler. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  39. ^ a b c d e Dinglasan, Rouchelle D. (May 18, 2013). "Poll watchdog calls 2013 elections a 'technology and political disaster'". GMA News Online. GMA News and Current Affairs. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
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  42. ^ a b c Aning, Jerome (May 29, 2013). "Comelec failed to review source code, says poll watchdog". Inquirer.net. Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. Retrieved May 26, 2013.
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