Cessna 195

Model 190 & 195
	Cessna 195
Role	Light personal and business aircraft
National origin	USA
Manufacturer	Cessna Aircraft Company
First flight	1945
Introduction	1947
Produced	1947-1954
Number built	1,180
Developed from	Cessna 165

A 1949 model Cessna 195 in polished aluminum finish

The Cessna 190 and 195 Businessliner are a family of light single radial engine powered, conventional landing gear equipped, general aviation aircraft which were manufactured by Cessna between 1947 and 1954.^[2]

The 195 model was also used by the United States Air Force, Air National Guard and Army as a light transport and utility aircraft under the designation LC-126.^[3]^[4]

Development

The Cessna 190 and 195 were Cessna's only postwar radial-engined aircraft. The first prototype flew in 1945, after the end of World War II and both the 190 and 195 entered production in 1947.^[5]^[6]

The 195 was the first Cessna airplane to be completely constructed of aluminum and features a cantilever wing, similar to the pre-war Cessna 165 from which it is derived. The wing planform differs from later Cessna light aircraft in that it has a straight taper from root chord to tip chord and no dihedral. The airfoil employed is a NACA 2412, the same as used on the later Cessna 150, 172 and 182.^[3]^[7]

The 190/195 fuselages were large in comparison to other Cessna models because the 42" diameter radial engine had to be accommodated upfront. The crew and passengers were accommodated on individual seats in the first row with comfortable space between seats with up to three passengers on a bench seat in the second row.^[5]

The 190/195 has flat sprung-steel landing gear derived from Cessna's purchase of the rights to Steve Wittman's Big X. Many have been equipped with swiveling cross-wind landing gear which allows landing with up to 15 degrees of crab. While the crosswind gear simplifies landings it makes the aircraft difficult to ground handle. The 195 is equipped with a retractable step that extends when the cabin door is opened, although some have been modified to make the step a fixed unit.^[3]

The aircraft was expensive to purchase and operate for private use and Cessna therefore marketed them as mainly as a business aircraft under the name "Businessliner".^[2]

The engines fitted to the 190 and 195 became well-known for their oil consumption. The aircraft has a 5-US-gallon (19 L) oil tank, with 2 US gallons (7.6 L) the minimum for flight. Typical oil consumption with steel cylinder barrels is two quarts per hour.^[5]

A factory-produced floatplane version was equipped with a triple tail for improved lateral stability. The tail resembles that of the Lockheed Constellation.^[2]

The Cessna 195 produces a cruise true airspeed of 148 knots (274 km/h) (170 MPH) on a fuel consumption of 16 US gallons (61 L) per hour.^[3] It can accommodate 5 people.

Including the LC-126s, a total of 1180 190s and 195s were built.^[1]

The 190 was originally introduced at a price of USD$12,750 in 1947. When production ended the price had risen to USD$24,700 for the 195B. This compared to USD$3,495 for the Cessna 140 two seater of the same period.^[3]^[8]

LC-126

The LC-126 was the military version of the 300 hp (220 kW) Cessna 195 and could be fitted with skis or floats. 83 LC-126's were delivered, including:^[1]^[3]

USAF - Cessna LC-126 15^[3]
Air National Guard - Cessna LC-126 5^[3]
US Army - Cessna LC-126 63^[3]

Once made surplus the majority of LC-126s were sold as civil aircraft, once modified by a Cessna civil kit.^[3]^[4]

Operational history

The Cessna 190 and 195 are considered "one of the finest classics ever built" by pilots and collectors and are much sought after on the used aircraft market.^[1]^[5]

In August 2008 the number of 190s and 195s still registered in the USA were:^[9]^[10]

108 Cessna 190
282 Cessna 195
157 Cessna 195A
136 Cessna 195B

In August 2009 there were three Cessna 190s and 17 Cessna 195s registered in Canada.^[11]

Variants

The difference between the 190 and the 195 models was the engine installed.^[4]

190: Powered by a Continental W670-23 engine of 240 hp (180 kW) and first certified on 1 July 1947.^[4]
195: Powered by a Jacobs R-755-A2 engine of 300 hp (225 kW) and first certified on 12 June 1947.^[4]
195A: Powered by a Jacobs L-4MB (R-755-9) engine of 245 hp (184 kW) and first certified on 6 January 1950.^[4]
195B: Powered by a Jacobs R-755B2 engine of 275 hp (206 kW) and first certified on 31 March 1952. It featured flaps increased in area by 50% over earlier models.^[4]^[5]
LC-126A: Military version of the Cessna 195, five-seat communication aircraft for the US Air Force and US Army, it could be fitted with skis or floats.^{[citation needed]}
U-20A: LC-126A redesignated by the USAF after 1962.^{[citation needed]}

Operators

Civil

The Cessna 190 and 195 have been popular with private individuals and companies, and have also been operating by some air charter companies and small feeder airlines.

Military

United States

Air National Guard^{[citation needed]}
United States Army^{[citation needed]}
United States Air Force^{[citation needed]}

Specifications (Cessna 195)

Data from The Complete Guide to Single Engine Cessna, 3rd Edition^[3]

General characteristics

Crew: one
Capacity: four passengers
Length: 27 ft 4 in (8.33 m)
Wingspan: 36 ft 2 in (11.02 m)
Height: 7 ft 2 in (2.18 m)
Empty weight: 2,100 lb (953 kg)
Gross weight: 3,350 lb (1,520 kg)
Fuel capacity: 75 US gallons (280 L; 62 imp gal)
Powerplant: 1 × Jacobs R-755 radial engine, 300 hp (220 kW)
Propellers: 2-bladed Hamilton Standard constant speed propeller

Performance

Maximum speed: 185 mph (298 km/h, 161 kn)
Cruise speed: 170 mph (270 km/h, 150 kn) at 70% power
Stall speed: 62 mph (100 km/h, 54 kn) power off, flaps 45°
Range: 800 mi (1,300 km, 700 nmi) at 70% power
Service ceiling: 18,300 ft (5,600 m)
Rate of climb: 1,200 ft/min (6.1 m/s)
Wing loading: 15.36 lb/sq ft (75.0 kg/m²)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Classic Aircraft (2007). "Cessna 190 Series Information". Retrieved 2008-08-10.
^ ^a ^b ^c Montgomery, MR & Gerald Foster: A Field Guide to Airplanes, Second Edition, page 54. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1992. ISBN 0-395-62888-1
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Cite error: The named reference Christy was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Federal Aviation Administration (2003). "TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET NO. A-790". Retrieved 2008-08-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Plane and Pilot: 1978 Aircraft Directory, page 92. Werner & Werner Corp, Santa Monica CA, 1977. ISBN 0-918312-00-0
^ Shanaberger, Kenneth W. (2008). "Cessna 190/195 Businessliner". Retrieved 2008-08-11.
^ Lednicer, David (2007). "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". Retrieved 2008-08-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
^ Christy. Joe: The Complete Guide to Single Engine Cessna, 3rd Edition, page 12. Tab Books, 1979. ISBN 0-8306-2268-3
^ Federal Aviation Administration (2008). "FAA Registry". Retrieved 2008-08-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
^ Federal Aviation Administration (2008). "FAA Registry". Retrieved 2008-08-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
^ Transport Canada (2009). "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register". Retrieved 2009-08-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Classic-1] Classic Aircraft (2007). "Cessna 190 Series Information". Retrieved 2008-08-10.

[Foster-2] Montgomery, MR & Gerald Foster: A Field Guide to Airplanes, Second Edition, page 54. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1992. ISBN 0-395-62888-1

[Christy-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Cite error: The named reference Christy was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[A-790-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Federal Aviation Administration (2003). "TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET NO. A-790". Retrieved 2008-08-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Plane_and_Pilot-5] Plane and Pilot: 1978 Aircraft Directory, page 92. Werner & Werner Corp, Santa Monica CA, 1977. ISBN 0-918312-00-0

[Shanaberger-6] Shanaberger, Kenneth W. (2008). "Cessna 190/195 Businessliner". Retrieved 2008-08-11.

[Lednicer-7] Lednicer, David (2007). "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". Retrieved 2008-08-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Christypg12-8] Christy. Joe: The Complete Guide to Single Engine Cessna, 3rd Edition, page 12. Tab Books, 1979. ISBN 0-8306-2268-3

[9] Federal Aviation Administration (2008). "FAA Registry". Retrieved 2008-08-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[10] Federal Aviation Administration (2008). "FAA Registry". Retrieved 2008-08-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[11] Transport Canada (2009). "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register". Retrieved 2009-08-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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v t e United States military transport aircraft designations, Army/Air Force and Tri-Service systems
Army/Air Force sequence (1925–1962)	C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-6 C-7 C-8 C-9 C-10 C-11 C-12 C-13¹ C-14 C-15 C-16 C-17 C-18 C-19 C-20 C-21 C-22 C-23 C-24 C-25 C-26 C-27 C-28 C-29 C-30 C-31 C-32 C-33 C-34 C-35 C-36 C-37 C-38 C-39 C-40 C-41 C-41A C-42 C-43 C-44 C-45 C-46 C-47 C-47F C-47T AC-47 C-48 C-49 C-50 C-51 C-52 C-53 C-54 C-55 C-56 C-57 C-58 C-59 C-60 C-61 C-62 C-63 C-64 C-65 C-66 C-67 C-68 C-69 C-70 C-70B C-71 C-72 C-73 C-74 C-75 C-76 C-77 C-77B–D C-78 C-79 C-80 C-81 C-82 C-83 C-83A C-83B C-84 C-85 C-86 C-87 C-88 C-89 C-90 C-91 C-92 C-93 C-94 C-95 C-96 C-97 KC-97 C-98 C-99 C-100 C-101 C-102 C-103 C-104 C-105 C-106 C-107 C-108 C-109 C-110 C-111 C-112 C-113 C-114 C-115 C-116 C-117 C-117D C-118 C-119 AC-119 C-120 C-121 C-121F EC-121 C-122 C-123 C-123A C-124 C-125 C-126 C-127² C-127 (I) C-127 (II) C-128 C-129 C-130 C-130J AC-130 DC-130 EC-130/H HC-130 KC-130 LC-130 MC-130 WC-130 C-131 NC-131H C-132 C-133 C-134 C-135 KC-135 C-136 C-137² YC-137 (I) YC-137 (II) C-137 C-138¹ C-139¹ C-140 C-141 C-142
Tri-service sequence (1962–present)	C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-6 C-7² C-7 RC-7 C-8 C-9 C-10² C-10 KC-10 C-11 C-12 RC-12 C-13¹ C-14 C-15 C-16¹ C-17 C-18 C-19 C-20² C-20A–D C-20F–J C-21 C-22 C-23 C-24 C-25 C-26 C-27 C-27J C-28 C-29 C-30¹ C-31 C-32 C-33 C-34¹ C-35 C-36³ C-37 C-37B C-38 C-39¹ C-40 C-41 C-42¹ C-43¹ C-44¹ C-45 C-46
Revived original sequence (2005–present)	C-143 C-144 C-145 C-146 C-147
Non-sequential designations	C-767 C-767B C-880
Related designations	CT-39 CT-43 CV-2 CV-7
¹ Not assigned • ² Assigned to multiple types • ³ Unconfirmed

v t e United States tri-service utility aircraft designations post-1962
Main sequence	U-1 U-2² U-3 U-4 U-5 U-6 U-7 U-8 NU-8F U-9 U-10 U-11 U-12¹ U-13¹ U-14¹ U-15¹ U-16 U-17 U-17C U-18 U-19 U-20 U-21 RU-21J U-22 U-23 U-24 U-25³ U-25 HU-25 U-26 U-27 U-28
Non-sequential	U-38
Related designations	UV-18 UV-20 UV-23
¹ Not assigned • ² Designated to hide the true role • ³ Assigned to multiple types

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