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Hong Kong Express Rail Link

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Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link Hong Kong section
廣深港高速鐵路香港段
Vibrant Express at Futian station
Overview
OwnerGovernment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region through the KCR Corporation
LocaleKowloon and New Territories, Hong Kong
Stations1
Color on map     (#BBB0A3)
WebsiteOfficial website
Service
Typehigher-speed rail
Operator(s)MTR Corporation MTR Corporation
History
Opened23 September 2018 (6 years ago) (2018-09-23)
Technical
Line length26 km (16 mi)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification25 kV 50 Hz AC (Overhead lines)
Operating speed200
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese廣深港高速鐵路香港段
Simplified Chinese广深港高速铁路香港段
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinGuǎng–Shēn–Gǎng gāosù tiělù Xiānggǎng duàn
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpinggwong2–sam1–gong2 gou1cuk1 tit3lou6 hoeng1gong2 dyun6
Route map

Legend
km
Chengdu–Guangzhou HSR
Wuhan–Guangzhou HSR
Nanning–Guangzhou HSR
0
 Guangzhou South Guangzhou Metro
Guangzhou–Zhuhai ICR
Guangzhou Motor Depot
Shawan Shuidao
31
 Qingsheng Guangzhou Metro
Shiziyang Tunnel under Pearl River
50
 Humen Dongguan Rail Transit
86
 Guangmingcheng
Gaofeng Reservoir
Shenzhen EMU Depot
Shenzhan HSR (under construction)
102
 Shenzhen North Shenzhen Metro
Xiamen–Shenzhen HSR
110
 Futian Shenzhen Metro
Sham Chun River
Guangdong Province
Hong Kong
Shek Kong sidings
142
 West Kowloon
km

Only transfers with rapid transit
systems are marked in this diagram

This diagram:

The Hong Kong section of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link (sometimes abbreviated "XRL HK section") is a 26 km (16 mi) long stretch of high-speed rail that runs along a dedicated underground rail corridor[1] linking Hong Kong to mainland China. It is one of the most expensive infrastructure undertakings in Hong Kong's history. The line connects Kowloon with the high-speed rail network of China at Futian station in the technology hub of Shenzhen, then running north towards the commercial/ political hub of Guangzhou. As of August 2024 the line has an average ridership of 88,800 passengers a day.[2]

The railway is the first high-speed rail link between mainland China and Hong Kong; it roughly halved travel time between Hong Kong and Guangzhou and connected Hong Kong to most major mainland Chinese cities via the country's extensive high-speed railway network. Construction began in 2011 and was hampered by construction delays and political controversy. It opened for commercial service on 23 September 2018.[3]

Unlike the rest of Hong Kong, the passenger compartments of trains operating on the Hong Kong Express Rail Link are legally defined as part of the Mainland Port Area and subject to the laws of mainland China.[4][5][6]

History

[edit]
Route of Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong XRL Hong Kong section

In April 2007, the Executive Council assigned the task of planning and design of the fully underground Hong Kong section of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link (XRL) to the MTR Corporation Limited (MTRCL). Government projections indicate that the XRL will carry about 100,000 passengers daily in 2020 and 120,000 passengers in 2030, generating an economic benefit of HK$83 billion over the next 50 years in terms of travelling time saved. Construction costs were estimated at HK$39.5 billion (US$5 billion), giving an economic internal rate of return of about 9%.[7] The government stated the objectives were to "reinforce Hong Kong's position as the transport hub in southern China and integrate Hong Kong into Mainland China's rapidly growing express rail network", and promoting cultural tourism. It also argued that shortening the travelling time between Hong Kong and Guangzhou to just under 50 minutes—half the current journey time— would save "HK$83 billion over the next 50 years in terms of travelling time", and the creation of 5,000 jobs during construction, and 10,000 operational jobs.[7]

Passenger traffic at Express Rail Link West Kowloon Control Point during the first 15 days after the opening of station Source of data: Hong Kong Immigration Department- Statistics on Passenger Traffic, MTR

Development

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The construction cost in Hong Kong was covered by the Hong Kong taxpayer.[7][8]

Hoping to be able to start construction of the Hong Kong section of the Express Rail Link (XRL) project before the end of 2009, the Executive Council approved the implementation on 20 October, paving the way for funding approval from the Finance Committee of the Legislative Council.[9]

Appropriations for the project secured approval of the Hong Kong Legislative Council on 16 January 2010.[10]

Service

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The XRL HK Section only serves the West Kowloon Terminus. Trains run to Guangzhou South Station in the Shibi Township of the Panyu District in southern Guangzhou through three intermediate stations, namely, Futian, Shenzhen North and Humen.[11][12] The expected travel time between Guangzhou South and West Kowloon stations was estimated to be 1 hour and 18 minutes based on the first trial run,[13] up from the previously announced 47 minutes with a total distance of 142 kilometers.

Shenzhen North station was opened on 22 June 2011 and the service was extended to Futian station on 30 December 2015.

Trains departing from Hong Kong may have destinations beyond Guangzhou, through the Wuguang High-Speed Railway and the Shiwu High-Speed Railway, or via Shenzhen North to Hangzhou and Shanghai through the Xiashen Railway and the Huhangyong Railway.

The total distance of the Hong Kong section was planned to be 26 kilometres, most of which through tunnels.[9] The dedicated track will enable a top speed of 200 km/h;[9] the expected travel time from Kowloon to Shenzhen's Futian station is 14 minutes.[1]

Service between Guangzhou South and Shenzhen North stations started on 26 December 2011.[14] The extension to Futian station, originally scheduled for 2012, was delayed until on 30 December 2015 for Futian and the 3rd quarter of 2018 during the planning process for West Kowloon Terminus.

From January 2020, the line was closed owing to the COVID-19 pandemic and the border restrictions between Hong Kong and mainland China. The line did not reopen until January 2023.[15] From June 2024, the line will be used by long-distance high-speed sleeper trains to Beijing and Shanghai.[16]

In 2024, it was announced that the Guangzhou–Kowloon through trains operated by MTR and China Railway Guangzhou Group had been discontinued, with the General Administration of Customs stating that high-speed passenger trains have effectively met the travel needs of passengers between the mainland and Hong Kong.[17] These intercity services had been suspended from early 2020 owing to the COVID-19 pandemic.

List of stations

[edit]
Station Opened Location
Futian 30 December 2015 Futian, Shenzhen
Hong Kong West Kowloon 23 September 2018 Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong

Controversies

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Main article: Anti-Hong Kong Express Rail Link movement

The completion of the XRL HK section had been delayed on multiple occasions and continuously ran over budget, attracting criticisms from many Hong Kong protestors.[18] Being part of the Chinese Rail Link network, with the start of commercial operations in the Hong Kong section, the Chinese authorities have created checkpoints both on the trains to Hong Kong and at the Hong Kong West Kowloon railway station, in a "Mainland Port Area" where Chinese criminal laws can be legally enforced for the first time in Hong Kong territory, as part of the bill passed in June 2018, which was criticized as an erosion of the one country, two systems principle.[19][20]

Protests

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On 29 November 2009, a demonstration of more than 1,000 people protesting against the construction of the Express Rail link gained the attention of the local media when a group of 100 people engaged in a sit-in protest in front of the government headquarters in Central.[21] On 18 December 2009, when the funding application was debated in the Finance Committee of the Legislative Council, a demonstration of an estimated 1,000 to 2,000 people was staged around the Legislative Council Building. The debate did not end at the time when the meeting was scheduled to be ended, and the funding application was not yet voted on.[22] A major protest followed in January 2010.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Hong Kong Section of Guangzhou – Shenzhen – Hong Kong Express Rail Link". Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  2. ^ "Transport Department - August 2024". www.td.gov.hk. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
  3. ^ "XRL to start operation on September 23". The Standard. 23 August 2018.
  4. ^ Chung, Stephy (2 September 2018). "Controversial high-speed rail station opens in Hong Kong". CNN Style. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  5. ^ "Mainland Chinese technicians 'setting up' in West Kowloon terminus". South China Morning Post. 2 August 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  6. ^ "Cap. 632 Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link (Co-location) Ordinance". Hong Kong e-Legislation. 4 September 2018.
  7. ^ a b c "Green light for the local section of Express Rail Link". Hong Kong Government. Retrieved 22 July 2008.
  8. ^ 廣深港高速鐵路香港段工程項目簡介 [Brief Introduction of Hong Kong Section of Guangzhou – Shenzhen – Hong Kong Express Rail Link Project] (PDF) (in Chinese). Environmental Protection Department and MTR Corporation. Retrieved 22 July 2008.
  9. ^ a b c ExCo approves implementation of high-speed rail link, Hong Kong Government, 20 October 2009
  10. ^ Song, Shengxia (18 January 2010), Hongkongers protest vote on high-speed rail, People's Daily, Global Times. Retrieved 28 January 2010
  11. ^ "Transport and Housing Bureau – Policy / Issues in Focus". Government of Hong Kong.
  12. ^ "HONG KONG SECTION OF GUANGZHOU-SHENZHEN-HONG KONG EXPRESS RAIL LINK PROJECT PROFILE" (PDF).
  13. ^ 內媒揭高鐵上廣州超過一小時. Apple Daily (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  14. ^ "High-speed rail to link Shenzhen, Guangzhou." China Daily/Asia News Network. 25 December 2011. via AsiaOne.com
  15. ^ Magramo, Kathleen (13 January 2023). "Hong Kong-China high-speed rail link reopens ahead of Lunar New Year travel rush". CNN. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  16. ^ Hutton, Mercedes (5 June 2024). "HK to launch high-speed sleeper train services to Beijing, Shanghai". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  17. ^ "海關總署公告2024年第96號（關於關閉北京西站、上海站、廣州、東莞等4個鐵路口岸的公告）". General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China. 31 July 2024. Archived from the original on 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  18. ^ "Protests in Hong Kong over high-speed rail link to China". Al Jazeera. 22 September 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  19. ^ "Hong Kong's controversial China rail checkpoint bill finally passed by lawmakers amid protests, delays and expulsions". South China Morning Post. 14 June 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  20. ^ "Hong Kong express rail link launches amid controversy". BBC News. 22 September 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  21. ^ Angry rail-link protesters clash with police Archived 4 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, The Standard, 30 November 2009
  22. ^ Opponents of high-speed rail link claim victory as pan-democrats delay funding, South China Morning Post, 19 December 2009
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