Heptathlon
Athletics Heptathlon | |
---|---|
World records | |
Women | Jackie Joyner-Kersee 7291 pts (1988) |
Olympic records | |
Women | Jackie Joyner-Kersee 7291 pts (1988) |
A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events.[1] The name derives from the Greek hepta (seven) and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "feat"). A competitor in a heptathlon is referred to as a heptathlete.
There are two heptathlons – the women's heptathlon and the men's – composed of different events. The men's heptathlon is older and is held indoors, while the women's is held outdoors and was introduced in the 1980s, first appearing in the Olympics in 1984.
Women's heptathlon
Women's heptathlon is the combined event for women contested in the Athletics program of the Olympics and in the IAAF World Championships in Athletics. The IAAF World Combined Events Challenge determines a yearly women's heptathlon champion. The women's outdoor heptathlon consists of the following events, with the first four contested on the first day, and the remaining three on day two:
The heptathlon has been contested by female athletes since the early 1980s, when it replaced the pentathlon as the primary women's combined event contest (the javelin throw and 800 m were added).[citation needed] It was first contested at the Olympic level in the 1984 Summer Olympics. In recent years some women's decathlon competitions have been conducted, consisting of the same events as the men's competition in a slightly different order, and the IAAF has begun keeping records for it, but the heptathlon remains the championship-level combined event for women. Jessica Ennis-Hill, representing Great Britain, is the 2012 Olympic Gold Medallist and the current World Champion.
There is also a Tetradecathlon, which is a double heptathlon, consisting of 14 events, seven events per day.
Points system
The heptathlon scoring system was devised by Dr Karl Ulbrich, a Viennese mathematician. The formulae are constructed so that, for each event, a designated "standard" performance (for example, approximately 1.82 m for the high jump) scores 1000 points.[2] Each event also has a minimum recordable performance level (e.g. 0.75 m for the high jump), corresponding to zero points. The formulae are devised so that successive constant increments in performance correspond to gradually increasing increments in points awarded.
Event | a | b | c |
---|---|---|---|
200 metres | 4.99087 | 42.5 | 1.81 |
800 metres | 0.11193 | 254 | 1.88 |
100 metres hurdles | 9.23076 | 26.7 | 1.835 |
High jump | 1.84523 | 75.0 | 1.348 |
Long jump | 0.188807 | 210 | 1.41 |
Shot put | 56.0211 | 1.50 | 1.05 |
Javelin throw | 15.9803 | 3.80 | 1.04 |
The events are split into three groups, and the scores are calculated according to the three formulae:[3]
- Running events (200 m, 800 m and 100 m hurdles):
- Jumping events (high jump and long jump):
- Throwing events (shot put and javelin):
P is for points, T is for time in seconds, M is for height or length in centimeters and D is length in meters. a, b and c have different values for each of the events (see table).
Benchmarks
The following table shows the benchmark levels required to earn 1000 points in each event of the heptathlon:
Event | Required for 1000pts | Units |
---|---|---|
100 m hurdles | 13.85 | Seconds |
High jump | 1.82 | Metres |
Shot put | 17.07 | Metres |
200 m | 23.80 | Seconds |
Long jump | 6.48 | Metres |
Javelin throw | 57.18 | Metres |
800 m | 2:07.63 | Minutes |
Women's world records compared to heptathlon bests
Event | Type | Athlete | Record | Score | Percentage /Points difference | Notes/Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
100 m hurdles | ||||||
WR | Kendra Harrison | 12.20 s | 1248 | 97.29% | ||
HB | Jessica Ennis | 12.54 s | 1195 | −53 | [4] | |
High jump | ||||||
WR | Stefka Kostadinova | 2.09 m | 1359 | 94.74% | ||
HB | Nafissatou Thiam Katarina Johnson-Thompson |
1.98 m | 1211 | −148 | ||
Shot put | ||||||
WR | Natalya Lisovskaya | 22.63 m | 1378 | 76.49% | ||
HB | Austra Skujytė | 17.31 m | 1016 | −362 | [5] | |
200 m | ||||||
WR | Florence Griffith Joyner | 21.34 s | 1251 | 95.70% | ||
HB | Jackie Joyner Kersee | 22.30 s | 1150 | −101 | ||
Long jump | ||||||
WR | Galina Chistyakova | 7.52 m | 1351 | 96.68% | ||
HB | Jackie Joyner Kersee | 7.27 m | 1264 | −87 | ||
Javelin[note 1] | ||||||
WR | Barbora Špotáková | 72.28 m | 1295 | 84.26% | current 1999 model | |
HB | Barbora Špotáková | 60.90 m | 1072 | −223 | current 1999 model[6] | |
WR | Petra Felke | 80.00 m | 1448 | 80.80% | old model | |
HB | Tessa Sanderson | 64.64 m | 1145 | −303 | old model | |
800 m | ||||||
WR | Jarmila Kratochvílová | 1:53.28 min:s | 1224 | 92.97% | ||
HB | Nadine Debois | 2:01.84 min:s | 1087 | −137 | ||
Total | World record | 9106 | ||||
Heptathlon bests | 7982 | −1124 |
Men's heptathlon
The other version is an indoor competition, normally contested by men only. It is the men's combined event in the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. The men's indoor heptathlon consists of the following events, with the first four contested on the first day, and remaining three on day two:
The scoring is similar for both versions. In each event, the athlete scores points for his/her performance in each event according to scoring tables issued by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF).[7] The athlete accumulating the highest number of points wins the competition.
Benchmarks
The following table shows the minimum benchmark levels required to earn 1000 points in each event of the heptathlon:
Event | Required for 1000pts | Units |
---|---|---|
60 m | 6.68 | Seconds |
Long jump | 7.76 | Metres |
Shot put | 18.40 | Metres |
High jump | 2.21 | Metres |
60 m hurdles | 7.69 | Seconds |
Pole vault | 5.29 | Metres |
1000 m | 149.00 | Seconds |
Men's world records compared to heptathlon bests
Event | Type | Athlete | Record | Score | Difference in points scored | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
60 m | ||||||
WR | Maurice Greene | 6.39 s | 1111 | |||
HB | Chris Huffins | 6.61 s | 1026 | −85 | ||
Long jump | ||||||
WR | Mike Powell | 8.95 m | 1312 | |||
HB | Ashton Eaton | 8.16 m | 1102 | −166 | [8] | |
Shot put | ||||||
WR | Randy Barnes | 22.66 m | 1266 | |||
HB | Aleksey Drozdov | 17.17 m | 924 | −342 | ||
High jump | ||||||
WR | Javier Sotomayor | 2.43 m | 1223 | |||
HB | Derek Drouin | 2.30 m | 1091 | −132 | [9] | |
60 m hurdles | ||||||
WR | Colin Jackson | 7.30 s | 1101 | |||
HB | Ashton Eaton | 7.60 s | 1022 | −79 | ||
Pole vault | ||||||
WR | Renaud Lavillenie | 6.16 m | 1284 | |||
HB | Alex Averbukh | 5.60 m | 1100 | −184 | ||
1000 m | ||||||
WR | Wilson Kipketer | 2:14.96 | 1172 | |||
HB | Curtis Beach | 2:23.63 | 1064 | −108 | ||
Total | World record | 8425 | ||||
Heptathlon bests | 7329 | −1096 |
All-time top 25 athletes
Women
Rank | Score | Athlete | Venue | Date | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 7291 | Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA) | Seoul | 23–24 September 1988 | |
2 | 7032 | Carolina Klüft (SWE) | Osaka | 25–26 August 2007 | |
3 | 7007 | Larisa Nikitina (URS) | Bryansk | 10–11 June 1989 | |
4 | 6985 | Sabine Braun (GER) | Götzis | 30–31 May 1992 | |
5 | 6955 | Jessica Ennis (GBR) | London | 3–4 August 2012 | |
6 | 6946 | Sabine Paetz (GDR) | Potsdam | 5–6 May 1984 | |
7 | 6942 | Ghada Shouaa (SYR) | Götzis | 25–26 May 1996 | |
8 | 6935 | Ramona Neubert (GDR) | Moscow | 18–19 June 1983 | |
9 | 6889 | Eunice Barber (FRA) | Arles | 4–5 June 2005 | |
10 | 6859 | Natalya Shubenkova (URS) | Kiev | 20–21 June 1984 | |
11 | 6858 | Anke Behmer (GDR) | Seoul | 23–24 September 1988 | |
12 | 6847 | Irina Belova (RUS) | Barcelona | 1–2 August 1992 | |
13 | 6832 | Lyudmila Blonska (UKR) | Osaka | 25–26 August 2007 | |
14 | 6831 | Denise Lewis (GBR) | Götzis | 29–30 July 2000 | |
15 | 6810 | Nafissatou Thiam (BEL) | Rio de Janeiro | 12–13 August 2016 | [11] |
16 | 6808 | Brianne Theisen-Eaton (CAN) | Götzis | 30–31 May 2015 | |
17 | 6803 | Jane Frederick (USA) | Talence | 15–16 September 1984 | |
18 | 6778 | Nataliya Dobrynska (UKR) | Barcelona | 30–31 July 2010 | |
19 | 6765 | Yelena Prokhorova (RUS) | Tula | 22–23 July 2000 | |
20 | 6750 | Ma Miaolan (CHN) | Beijing | 11–12 September 1993 | |
21 | 6741 | Heike Drechsler (GER) | Talence | 10–11 September 1994 | |
22 | 6735 | Hyleas Fountain (USA) | Des Moines | 25–26 June 2010 | |
23 | 6703 | Tatyana Blokhina (RUS) | Talence | 10–11 September 1993 | |
24 | 6702 | Chantal Beaugeant (FRA) | Götzis | 18–19 June 1988 | |
25 | 6695 | Jane Flemming (AUS) | Auckland | 27–28 January 1990 |
Notes
The following athletes have had their performances (inside 6702) annulled due to doping offense:
Time | Athlete | Nation | Date | Location | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
6880 | Tatyana Chernova | Russia | 29–30 August 2011 | Daegu | [12] |
Below is a list of all other scores equal or superior to 6875 points.
- Jackie Joyner-Kersee also scored 7215 (1988), 7158 (1986), 7148 (1986), 7128 (1987), 7044 (1992), 6979 (1987), 6910 (1986), 6878 (1991)
- Carolina Kluft also scored 7001 (2003), 6952 (2004), 6887 (2005)
- Jessica Ennis also scored 6906 (2012)
- Sabine John (Paetz) also scored 6897 (1988)
- Larisa Nikitina also scored 6875 (1989)
Men
Rank | Score | Athlete | Venue | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 6645 | Ashton Eaton (USA) | Istanbul | 2012-03-10 |
2 | 6476 | Dan O'Brien (USA) | Toronto | 1993-03-14 |
3 | 6438 | Roman Šebrle (CZE) | Budapest | 2004-03-07 |
4 | 6424 | Tomáš Dvořák (CZE) | Ghent | 2000-02-26 |
5 | 6418 | Christian Plaziat (FRA) | Genoa | 1992-02-29 |
6 | 6415 | Sebastian Chmara (POL) | Valencia | 1998-03-01 |
7 | 6412 | Lev Lobodin (RUS) | Moscow | 2003-02-08 |
8 | 6374 | Erki Nool (EST) | Maebashi | 1999-03-07 |
9 | 6372 | Eelco Sintnicolaas (NED) | Gothenburg | 2013-03-03 |
10 | 6371 | Bryan Clay (USA) | Valencia | 2008-03-09 |
Medalists
Women's Olympic medalists
Women's World Championships medalists
Men's World Indoor Championships medalists
Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
---|---|---|---|
1995 Barcelona |
Christian Plaziat (FRA) | Tomáš Dvořák (CZE) | Henrik Dagård (SWE) |
1997 Paris |
Robert Změlík (CZE) | Erki Nool (EST) | Jón Magnússon (ISL) |
1999 Maebashi |
Sebastian Chmara (POL) | Erki Nool (EST) | Roman Šebrle (CZE) |
2001 Lisbon |
Roman Šebrle (CZE) | Jón Magnússon (ISL) | Lev Lobodin (RUS) |
2003 Birmingham |
Tom Pappas (USA) | Lev Lobodin (RUS) | Roman Šebrle (CZE) |
2004 Budapest |
Roman Šebrle (CZE) | Bryan Clay (USA) | Lev Lobodin (RUS) |
2006 Moscow |
André Niklaus (GER) | Bryan Clay (USA) | Roman Šebrle (CZE) |
2008 Valencia |
Bryan Clay (USA) | Andrei Krauchanka (BLR) | Dmitriy Karpov (KAZ) |
2010 Doha |
Bryan Clay (USA) | Trey Hardee (USA) | Aleksey Drozdov (RUS) |
2012 Istanbul |
Ashton Eaton (USA) | Oleksiy Kasyanov (UKR) | Artem Lukyanenko (RUS) |
2014 Sopot |
Ashton Eaton (USA) | Andrei Krauchanka (BLR) | Thomas van der Plaetsen (BEL) |
2016 Portland |
Ashton Eaton (USA) | Oleksiy Kasyanov (UKR) | Mathias Brugger (GER) |
Season's bests
Women's heptathlon
Men's indoor heptathlon
Year | Score | Athlete | Location |
---|---|---|---|
1999 | 6386 | Sebastian Chmara (POL) | Maebashi |
2000 | 6424 | Tomáš Dvořák (CZE) | Ghent |
2001 | 6420 | Roman Šebrle (CZE) | Lisbon |
2002 | 6291 | Frank Busemann (GER) | Tallinn |
2003 | 6412 | Lev Lobodin (RUS) | Moscow |
2004 | 6438 | Roman Šebrle (CZE) | Budapest |
2005 | 6232 | Roman Šebrle (CZE) | Madrid |
2006 | 6229 | Aleksandr Pogorelov (RUS) | Moscow |
2007 | 6196 | Roman Šebrle (CZE) | Birmingham |
2008 | 6371 | Bryan Clay (USA) | Valencia |
2009 | 6362 | Mikk Pahapill (EST) | Turin |
2010 | 6499 | Ashton Eaton (USA) | Fayetteville |
2011 | 6568 | Ashton Eaton (USA) | Tallinn |
2012 | 6645 | Ashton Eaton (USA) | Istanbul |
2013 | 6372 | Eelco Sintnicolaas (NED) | Gothenburg |
2014 | 6632 | Ashton Eaton (USA) | Sopot |
2015 | 6353 | Ilya Shkurenyov (RUS) | Prague |
2016 | 6470 | Ashton Eaton (USA) | Portland |
National records
Women's heptathlon
- As of November 2016
See also
Other multiple event contests include:
- Biathlon
- Duathlon
- Triathlon
- Quadrathlon
- Pentathlon
- Modern pentathlon
- Hexathlon (primarily a youth or junior event)
- Octathlon (primarily a youth or junior event although logistical problems have seen senior octathlons contested, for example at the 2007 South Pacific Games)
- Decathlon
- Biathle
- Chess-boxing
Notes
Notes and references
- ^ "Heptathlon – Definition". Merriam-webster.com. August 31, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
- ^ "London 2012: Jessica Ennis leads heptathlon after first day", The Guardian, 3 August 2012
- ^ "IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events" (PDF). IAAF. April 2004. p. 15. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
- ^ "Women's Heptathlon 100 Metres Hurdles Results". IAAF. August 3, 2012. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
- ^ "Women's Heptathlon Shot Put Results". IAAF. August 3, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
- ^ Hans van Kuijen (September 16, 2012). "Van Alphen and Yosypenko prevail in Talence – IAAF Combined Events Challenge". IAAF. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
- ^ [1] Archived September 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Long Jump Results" (PDF). IAAF. March 9, 2012. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
- ^ Krajewski, Casey (February 22, 2013). "Drouin Jumps to World Record in Heptathlon". Indiana Daily Student. Retrieved February 22, 2013.
- ^ Heptathlon – women – senior – outdoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-25.
- ^ "Women's Heptathlon Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. August 13, 2016. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
- ^ Sean Ingle (November 29, 2016). "Jessica Ennis-Hill set to be awarded 2011 gold after Chernova is stripped of world title". The Guardian. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ Heptathlon – men – senior – indoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-25.
- ^ "Women's Heptathlon Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. August 13, 2016. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
- ^ Diego Sampaolo (May 31, 2015). "Kazmirek and Theisen Eaton triumph in Gotzis". IAAF. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
- ^ "Women's Heptathlon Results" (PDF). European Athletics. July 9, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
- ^ "Heptathlon Results". IAAF. May 29, 2016. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
- ^ "Women's Heptathlon Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. August 13, 2016. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
- ^ Michal Osoba (June 15, 2014). "Special K day! Kasyanov and Klucinova triumph in Kladno – IAAF Combined Events Challenge". IAAF. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
- ^ "Women's Heptathlon Results" (PDF). European Athletics. July 9, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
- ^ "Heptathlon Results". ncaa.com. June 11, 2015. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
- ^ "Gran Prix Internacional "Valle Oro Puro" – Hetpathlon Results" (PDF). FECODATLE. June 26, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
- ^ Eduardo Biscayart (July 3, 2016). "Murer soars over South American record of 4.87m at Brazilian Championships". IAAF. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
- ^ Wesley Botton (June 25, 2016). "Aprot takes African 10,000m title". IAAF. Retrieved June 26, 2016.
- ^ "Gran Prix Internacional "Valle Oro Puro" – Hetpathlon Results" (PDF). FECODATLE. June 26, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
- ^ "Heptathlon Results". www.flashresults.com. June 7, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2013.
- ^ "Slovak athletic records" (PDF). www.atletikasvk.sk.
{{cite web}}
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and|2=
(help) - ^ Wesley Botton (June 25, 2016). "Aprot takes African 10,000m title". IAAF. Retrieved June 26, 2016.
- ^ "Gran Prix Internacional "Valle Oro Puro" – Heptathlon Results" (PDF). FECODATLE. June 26, 2016. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
- ^ "AIRE LIBRE – Récords de España Absolutos – MUJERES". May 4, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2013.
- ^ "Heptathlon Results". www.atletismocanario.es. May 25, 2014. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
- ^ "Heptathlon Results" (PDF). results.toronto2015.org. July 25, 2015. Retrieved July 26, 2015.
- ^ "Decathlon Results" (PDF). desetiboj-kladno.cz. June 13, 2015. Retrieved September 17, 2015.
- ^ Gómez Chirinos, Ricardo (June 4, 2010). "Milangela Rosales rompió record nacional en los 10 mil metros marcha." (in Spanish). www.feveatletismo.org. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
- ^ "The American Championships 2016 Results". tilastopaja.org. May 13, 2016. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
- ^ Cathal Dennehy (May 30, 2016). "Teen smashes heptathlon record to secure spot at world champs". independent.ie. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
- ^ "Women's Heptathlon Results" (PDF). brazzaville2015.microplustiming.com. September 16, 2015. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
- ^ Stephen Wright (May 5, 2015). "Smith off to a flyer". royalgazette.com. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
- ^ "Bogor (Indonesia), 22-28.9.2016 -National Games-". trackinsun.blogspot.de. October 1, 2016. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
- ^ "Monagi Sets new Heptathlon Record". foxsportspulse.com. June 7, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
- ^ "En el GP de Combinadas de Asuncion, Paraguay Melissa Arana (PER) batió el Récord de Heptatlon con 5.020 puntos" (in Spanish). FDPA. April 2015. Retrieved June 14, 2015.
- ^ "Simbine, Palframan, Mokoka, Mzazi, Cumming, Engelbrecht sparkle as Chabangu sets SA Junior record-USSA championship". africanathletics.org. April 27, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
- ^ "2016 Central American Championships in Athletics Results" (PDF). CADICA. June 19, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
- ^ "Heptathlon Result" (PDF). www.carifta2014.fr. April 20, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2014.
- ^ Anjana Kaluarachchi (July 27, 2015). "Aravinda, Dulakshi impress in 400m hurdles". ceylontoday.lk. Retrieved April 24, 2016.
- ^ "Heptathlon Results" (PDF). seagames2015.com. June 12, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2015.