Kakatiya dynasty: Difference between revisions
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[[image:Kaapaneedu.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Musunuri Kaapaneedu]] |
[[image:Kaapaneedu.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Musunuri Kaapaneedu]] |
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== History == |
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=== Feudatories of the Rastrakutas === |
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The early Kakatiyas were [[feudatories]] and generals of the [[Rastrakutas]]. Like the Rastrakutas, they used the [[Garuda]] banner in battle. Venna (who lived circa 800 AD), was the progenitor of the Kakatiya line.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Andhra Pradesh Part One by Dr. B.R. Gopal}}</ref> Venna was said to rule from Kakati village; hence, his descendants called themselves Kakatiyas.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kakati Ganapatideva and His Times, A.D. 1199-1262}}</ref> The present day location of Kakati village remains uncertain. <ref>{{cite book|title=Kakati Ganapatideva and His Times, A.D. 1199-1262}}</ref> Gunda I and Gunda II were his son and grandson, respectively.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Andhra Pradesh Part One by Dr. B.R. Gopal}}</ref> Gunda III (around 900 A.D), the great-grandson of Venna, died in battle fighting for the Rastrakuta king [[Krishna II]] against the [[Eastern Chalukyas]] in his campaign to conquer [[Vengi]]. <ref>{{cite book|title=History of Andhra Pradesh Part One by Dr. B.R. Gopal}}</ref> Gunda III's son, Erra (912-950 A.D.), received the land of Kurravadi, presently corresponding to the area around [[Kuravi]] in [[Warangal district]], as repayment for his father's services. |
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The Kakatiya line from Erra onwards settled down in the Warangal area and began to establish themselves as a political force. <ref>{{cite book|title=Kakati Ganapatideva and His Times, A.D. 1199-1262}}</ref> Gunda IV (950-990 A.D), also called Kakatya Gundyana, assisted Danarnava to defeat his brother Amma II, the [[Eastern Chalukya| Eastern Chalukyan]] king. As repayment for his bravery, Gunda IV was granted the village of Manigallu. <ref>{{cite book|title=Kakati Ganapatideva and His Times, A.D. 1199-1262}}</ref> |
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=== Consolidation of power in Warangal === |
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Beta I also known as Garuda Beta,the son and sucessor of Gunda IV, served the [[Western Chalukyas]], who supplanted the Rastrakutas. He was known as a brave warrior who destroyed the powerful [[Chola]] armies and seized the city of [[Kanchipuram]] around 1052 A.D. on behalf of the Chalukyas. <ref>{{cite book|title=Kakati Ganapatideva and His Times, A.D. 1199-1262}}</ref> |
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After 1055 A.D., Garuda Beta's son Prola I took power. He was also known as a great warrior who served under [[Someswara I]] and [[Vikramaditya VI]] of the [[Western Chalukyas]]. He subdued the armies of Chakrakuta and Bhadaranga. He also subdued [[Konkan coast|Konkana]] on behalf of the Chalukyas <ref>{{cite book|title=History of Andhra Pradesh Part One by Dr. B.R. Gopal}}</ref> For showing great valor in battle, Prola was given [[Hanamakonda]] and was made a permanent chieftain. Kakatiyas now became fiefs under the Western Chalukyas. Prola I built the Kesari or Jagalikesari tank to irrigate his lands. He also started building a network of tanks and canals to irrigate his lands. <ref>{{cite book|title=Kakati Ganapatideva and His Times, A.D. 1199-1262}}</ref> From Prola I onwards, the Kakatiyas used the [[varaha]] as their emblem. Prola I was succeeded by Beta II in 1075 AD. <ref>{{cite book|title=Kakati Ganapatideva and His Times, A.D. 1199-1262}}</ref> |
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[[File:Kakatiya Kala Thoranam (Warangal Gate) and Ruins.jpg|thumb|right|Kakatiya Kala Thoranam (Warangal Gate) and Ruins]] |
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=== Expansion of Kakatiya Rule === |
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Prola II, the successor of Beta II, began to take advantage of the weakening power of the Western Chalukyas after [[Vikramaditya VI]] and took a number of steps to expand the tiny Kakatiya principality. He made a marriage alliance with the Natavadi ruler to acquire [[Nellore]]. He subdued the Telugu Cholas of Kandur while he exterminated smaller rulers such as Govindaraja, Udaya, and Jagaddeva, who were also subordinates of the Chalukyas. He defeated Gunda of [[Manthani|Mantnena]]. |
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===Rudra Deva=== |
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Prola II was succeeded by Rudradeva (1158–1195). Rudradeva, also known as Prataparudra I, was the eldest son of Prola II. By the year 1162 CE, Rudradeva vanquished a number of his enemies and transformed his petty principality into an extensive kingdom. Rudradeva devoted the later part of his reign to the conquest of the coastal region. He consolidated and pushed the kingdom to the east up to the [[Godavari River|Godavari]] [[river delta|delta]]. [[Thousand Pillar Temple]] was built by King Rudra Deva in 1163 CE at Hanumakonda. During the years 1176–82 CE the battle of [[Palanadu]] was fought. Rudradeva rendered military assistance to Nalagama's faction. In this battle, the military strength of [[Velanadu]] had got weakened. Exploiting the situation, Rudradeva led his forces into [[Coastal Andhra]] and conquered up to [[Srisailam]] and Tripurantakam in the south. In the last year of his reign (1195 CE), he came into conflict with the [[Seuna]]s (Yadavas) of [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Devagiri]]. Rudra suffered defeat and death in his encounter with Jaitrapala I. After Rudradeva's death and the imprisonment of his nephew Ganapati in the hands of the [[Yaduvanshi|Yadavs]], his younger brother Mahadeva ascended the throne and ruled the kingdom for a short span of about three years (1196–1198 CE). He led an expedition against the [[Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri]] to avenge Rudra's death and also to release his son Ganapati. He lost his life in the battle. |
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===Ganapati Deva=== |
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Following the death of Mahadeva, disorder broke out in the kingdom. Recherla Rudra, the commander-in-chief of the Kakatiya ruler, saved the kingdom from crumbling. Ganapatideva was set free by Jaitrapala due to political considerations like his desire to secure himself against an attack from Warangal in the event of a conflict with the aggressive [[Hoysala]]s in the south. Ganapatideva's reign lasted for 80 years. It is one of the most brilliant epochs in the history of South India. Ganapati, during his long reign, brought under his sway almost the whole land inhabited by the [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-speaking people, from [[Karimnagar]] and [[Anakapalle]] in the north to [[Ongole]] in the south. Though Ganapatideva was alive until 1269 CE he handed over the threads of administration to his daughter Rudramadevi in 1262 CE itself and retired from active politics. |
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Ganapatideva was known as the greatest of the Kakatiyas and the first after the [[Satavahana]]s to bring the entire [[Telugu people|Telugu]] area under one rule. In the year 1216, he put an end to the rule of the [[Telugu Cholas]], who accepted his suzerainty. He established order in his vast dominion and encouraged trade. It is around this period that the [[Golkonda|Golconda]] fort was constructed, as well as beautiful temples in the Kakatiya art form such as [[Ramappa Temple]] at the tiny village of Palampet outside of [[Warangal]]. |
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===Rudrama Devi=== |
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[[File:Rudrama devi vigraham.JPG|thumb|right|[[Rudrama Devi|Kakatiya Rani Rudrama Devi]]]] |
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The most prominent ruler in this dynasty was [[Rani Rudrama Devi]] 1262–1289 CE, one of the few queens in Indian history. She was born as Rudramba to Ganapathideva who had no sons. She was formally designated as a son through the ancient Putrika ceremony and given the male name of Rudradeva and declared the Queen. Rudramadevi was married to Veerabhadra, [[Eastern Chalukya]]n prince of [[Nidadavolu]].<ref>{{cite book|title=History of the Minor Chāḷukya Families in Medieval Āndhradēśa By Kolluru Suryanarayana|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=f6seAAAAMAAJ&q=kakatiya+chalukya+prince+marriage&dq=kakatiya+chalukya+prince+marriage&pgis=1}}</ref> Despite initial misgivings by some of her generals who resented a female ruler, she suppressed the internal rebellions and external incursions. An able fighter and ruler Rudramba defended the kingdom from the [[Chola]]s and the [[Yadavas of devagiri|Yadavs]], earning their respect. She remains one of the few symbols of female power in [[South India]]. |
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===Pratapa Rudra=== |
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Rudramadevi died in the month of November, 1289 CE., fighting battle against the rebel Kayastha chief Ambadeva. On the death of Rudrama, her grandson [[Prataparudra]], who was adopted by her as son and as heir apparent on the advice of her father Ganapatideva, ascended the throne at the beginning of the year 1290 CE. Prataparudra had to fight battles throughout his reign against either the internal rebels or the external foes. |
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Prataparudra expanded borders towards the west till [[Raichur]], whilst introducing many administrative reforms, some of which were also later adopted in the [[Vijayanagar empire]]. |
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==Demise of the dynasty== |
==Demise of the dynasty== |
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Revision as of 02:47, 8 September 2013
Kakatiya dynasty | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1083–1323 | |||||||||||||||||
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| Capital | Orugallu (Warangal) | ||||||||||||||||
| Common languages | Telugu | ||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Hinduism | ||||||||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||||||||
| King | |||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||
• Established | 1083 | ||||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1323 | ||||||||||||||||
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| Part of a series on |
| Andhra Pradesh and Telangana |
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| History and Kingdoms |
| History of South Asia |
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The Kakatiya dynasty was a South Indian dynasty that ruled most of the Telugu speaking lands covered by current day Andhra Pradesh, India from 1083 CE to 1323 CE,[1] with Orugallu, now Warangal, as its capital. Originally Jain but later Shaivite Hindu in nature, it was one of the great Telugu empires that lasted for centuries until the conquest by the Delhi Sultanate.
Demise of the dynasty
The conquest of South India (Deccan) by the Delhi Sultanate started in 1296 CE when Alauddin Khilji, the son-in-Law and commander of the Sultan Jalaluddin raided and plundered Devagiri.[2] Khilji subsequently murdered the Sultan and took over the reins of the Sultanate. The glory and wealth of the Kakatiya kingdom attracted the attention of Khilji. The first foray into the Telugu kingdom was made in 1303 CE. It was a disaster because of the valiant resistance of the Kakatiya army in the battle at Upparapalli (Karimnagar District).[3] The second attempt was made in 1309 CE by Malik Kafur who managed to capture Siripur and Hanumakonda forts. Warangal fort was taken after a prolonged seize.[4] Malik Kafur indulged in murder and mayhem around the fort which prompted King Prataparudra to make a pact and offer an enormous amount of tribute. Prataparudra asserted his independence in 1320 CE when there was a change of power in Delhi. The Khilji dynasty ended and Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq ascended the Delhi throne. Tughlaq sent his son Ulugh Khan in 1323 CE to defeat the defiant Kakatiya king. Ulugh Khan’s (Muhammad bin Tughluq) raid was repulsed but he returned in a month with a larger and determined army. The unprepared and battle-weary army of Warangal was finally defeated, and King Prataparudra was taken prisoner. He committed suicide by drowning himself in the river Narmada, while being taken to Delhi.[citation needed]
The demise of Kakatiya dynasty resulted in confusion and anarchy under alien rulers for sometime. Later Musunuri Nayaks who served as army chiefs for Kakatiya kingdom united the various Telugu clans and recovered Warangal from the Delhi Sultanate and ruled for half a century.[5][6] Three new fledgling kingdoms arose out of the ruins of the Kakatiya empire namely the Reddy kingdom, Padma Nayaka Velama kingdom and the great Vijayanagara Empire.[7][8]
See also
Notes
- ^ Gribble, J.D.B., History of the Deccan, 1896, Luzac and Co., London
- ^ Ventakaramanayya, N. The Early Muslim Expansion in South India, 1942
- ^ A History of India, H. Kulke and D. Rothermund, 1998, Routledge, p.160, ISBN 0-415-15482-0
- ^ A Social History of the Deccan: 1300-1761, R. M. Eaton, 2005, Cambridge University Press, pp. 16-20, ISBN 0-521-25484-1
- ^ Sarma, M. Somasekhara; A Forgotten Chapter of Andhra History 1945, Andhra University, Waltair
- ^ Pre-colonial India in Practice, Cynthia Talbot, 2001, Oxford University Press, pp.177-182, ISBN 0-19-513661-6
- ^ Chenchiah; Bhujanga (1 January 1988). A History of Telugu Literature. Asian Educational Services. pp. 24, 25. ISBN 978-81-206-0313-4. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
- ^ P. Sriramamurti (1972). Contribution of Andhra to Sanskrit literature. Andhra University. p. 60. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
External links
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