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List of ethnic slurs and epithets by ethnicity

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This list of ethnic slurs by ethnicity compiles ethnic slurs that are, or have been, used in the English language. For the purposes of this list, ethnicity can be defined by either race, nationality or ethnicity.

Broader ethnic categories

African

Af
(Rhodesia) African to a white Rhodesian (Rhodie).[1]
Ape
(U.S.) a black person.[2]
Béni-oui-oui
Mostly used during the French colonization of Algeria as a derogatory term to describe Algerian Muslims.[3]
Bluegum
An offensive slur used by some United States white Southerners for an African-American perceived as being lazy and who refuses to work.[4]
Boogie
a black person (film noire) "The boogies lowered the boom on Beaver Canal".[5]
Buck
a black person, also used to describe Native Americans.
Buffie
a black person.[6]
Burrhead / Burr-head / Burr head
(U.S.) a black person (referencing stereotypical hair type).[7]
Colored
(U.S.) a Black person. Once generally accepted as inoffensive, this word is now considered disrespectful by some. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People continues to use its full name unapologetically. Some black Americans have reclaimed this word and softened it in the expression "a person of color."
Coon
(U.S. & U.K) a black person. Possibly from Portuguese barracoos, a building constructed to hold slaves for sale. (1837).[8]
Crow
a black person,[9] spec. a black woman.
Eggplant
(U.S.) A black person. Notable for appearing in the 1979 film, The Jerk.[10]
Fuzzies
(U.K.) A black person. In the 1964 film classic, "Zulu", the British officer played by Michael Caine refers to the Zulus as "fuzzies".[11]
Gable
a black person.[6]
Golliwogg
(UK Commonwealth) a dark-skinned person, after Florence Kate Upton's children's book character [12]
Jigaboo, jiggabo, jijjiboo, zigabo, jig, jigg, jiggy, jigga
(U.S. & UK) a black person (JB) with stereotypical black features (dark skin, wide nose, etc.) Used to refer to mannerisms that resemble dancing.
Jim Crow
(U.S.) a black person; also the name for the segregation laws prevalent in much of the United States until the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s.[13]
Jim Fish
(South Africa) a black person[14]
Jungle bunny
(US and UK) a black person.[15]
Kaffir, kaffer, kaffir, kafir, kaffre
(South Africa) a. a black person. Considered very offensive.
Macaca
Epithet used to describe a Negro (originally) or a person of North-African origin (more recently).
Mammy
Domestic servant of African descent, generally good-natured, often overweight, and loud.[16]
Mosshead
a black person.[6]
Munt
(among whites in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Zambia) a black person from muntu, the singular of Bantu[17]
Nig-nog
(UK & U.S.) a black person.[18]
Nigger / nigra / nigga / niggah / nigguh
(U.S., UK) An offensive term for a black person. From the word negro which means the color black in numerous languages. Diminutive appellations include "Nigg" and "Nigz." Over time, the terms "Nigga" and "Niggaz" (plural) have come to be frequently used between some African-Americans without the negative associations of "Nigger."
Niglet / nigglet
a black child
Nigra / negra / niggra / nigrah / nigruh
(U.S.) offensive for a black person [first used in the early 1900s][19]
Pickaninny
a term – generally considered derogatory – that in English usage refers to black children, or a caricature of them which is widely considered racist.
Porch monkey
a black person,[20]
Powder burn
a black person.[6]
Quashie
a black person.[6]
Sambo
(U.S.) a derogatory term for an African American, Black, or sometimes a South Asian person.[16][21]
Smoked Irish / smoked Irishman
(U.S.) 19th century term for Blacks (intended to insult both Blacks and Irish).[6]
Sooty
a black person [originated in the U.S. in the 1950s][22]
Spade
A black person.[23] recorded since 1928 (OED), from the playing cards suit.
Spook
a black person.
Tar baby
(UK; U.S.; and N.Z.) a black child.[24]
Teapot
(British) a black person. [1800s][25]
Thicklips
a black person.[6]

Aboriginal Australians

Abo/Abbo
(AUS) Australian Aboriginal person. Originally, this was simply an informal term for Aborigine, and was in fact used by Aboriginal people themselves until it started to be considered offensive in the 1950s. In remoter areas, Aboriginal people still often refer to themselves (quite neutrally) as Blackfellas (and whites as Whitefellas). Although Abo is still considered quite offensive by many, the pejorative boong is now more commonly used when the intent is deliberately to offend, as that word's status as an insult is unequivocal.[26]
Boong / bong / bung
(Aus) Australian aboriginal.[27] Boong, pronounced with ʊ (like the vowel in bull), is related to the Australian English slang word bung, meaning dead; infected; or dysfunctional. From bung, to go bung "Originally to die, then to break down, go bankrupt, cease to function [Ab. bong dead]".[28] Highly offensive. [First used in 1847 by JD Lang, Cooksland, 430][29]
Coon
an Aboriginal person.[30]
Gin
an Aboriginal woman.[31]
Lubra
an Aboriginal woman.[32]

Middle Eastern

Brownie
Someone of Hispanic, Indian, and Arab, rarely used as someone of Native American or Pacific Island descent.[33]
Camel jockey
an Arab.
Sand nigger
person who dwells in deserts of Saudi Arabia or African continent.
Towelhead / Raghead
A Muslim, Arab, Sikh, or member of any group that traditionally wears headdress such as a turban, keffiyeh or headscarf.

East Asian

Celestial
(Aust.) Chinese people, used in the late 1900s, a reference to their coming from the "Celestial Empire" (i.e. China).
Charlie
(U.S.) A term used by American troops during the Vietnam War as a shorthand term for communist guerrillas: it was shortened from "Victor Charlie," the radio code designation for Viet Cong, or VC.[34]
Chinaman
(U.S. and English) Chinese person, used in old American west when discrimination against Chinese was common.[35] Possibly coined by early Chinese Americans from a translation of "Zhong Guo Ren" which is literally "China" and "Person." In contrast to "Frenchman" or "Irishman" which are generally considered neutral, non-insulting terms, "Chinaman" is considered offensive especially in the U.S. due to the virulent anti-Asian racism of the period in which the term came into popular usage (mid-1800s) and tends to generate objections in contemporary usage. Can be comparable to referring to a Black person as "a Negro", today. In 20th century Chicago politics, "Chinaman" had a specific, unintentionally insulting meaning. A junior politician or government worker's political patron was referred to as their "Chinaman" (or "chinaman" without the initial capital) regardless of their actual ethnic heritage or gender.[36] The term "chinaman", without the initial capital, is also regularly used in cricket in a non-ethnic sense to refer to a left-handed bowler who uses a wrist spin action.
Chink
(U.S.) a derogatory term used towards people of perceived East or Southeast Asian descent. Until the 1980s a U.S. school used the term as a sports mascot.[37]
Jap
(Predominantly U.S.) Offensive. Shortened from the word "Japanese", often used pejoratively.
Gook
a derogatory term for East Asians, used especially for enemy soldiers.[38] Its use as an ethnic slur has been traced to U.S. Marines serving in the Philippines in the early 20th century.[38] The earliest recorded use is dated 1920.[39] Widely popularized by the Korean war and Vietnam War (1965–73).
Oriental
(Predominantly U.S., used elsewhere) Refers to an East Asian person (of the Orient) and/or their ethnicity; sometimes considered offensive.[40][41][42]
Yellow, Yellowman, or Yellowwoman
designating or pertaining to an East Asian person, in reference to those who have a yellowish skin color.[43]
Nip
Offensive word for a Japanese person. From "Nippon", first used in World War II.[44]

Latin American/Hispanic

Spic, spick, spik, spig, or spigotty
A person of Hispanic descent. First recorded use in 1915. Theories include from "no spik English" (and spiggoty from the Chicano no speak-o t'e English), but common belief is that it is an abbreviation of "Hispanic". Also used for someone who speaks the Spanish language.
Brownie
Someone of Hispanic, Indian, and Arab, rarely used as someone of Native American or Pacific Island descent.[33]
Wetback
A Latino person. Originally applied specifically to Mexican migrant workers who had crossed the Rio Grande border river illegally to find work in the United States, its meaning has since broadened.
Greaseball
(U.S.) Can be used to describe a person of Italian or Hispanic descent.[45]
Beaner
Term for Mexican, but can be used for Hispanics in general because of the idea that all Hispanics are the same.
Greaser
(U.S.) Can be used to describe a person of Italian or Hispanic descent. Can also be used to describe members of the 1950s subculture which Italians were stereotyped to be a part of.
Tacohead
a Mexican person. This phrase is uttered by Willem Dafoe's character (Charlie) in the film Born on the Fourth of July.[46]

Mediterranean/Southern Europe

Chocko
(Aus) a person of Mediterranean, Southern European, or Middle Eastern descent.[47][48]
Dago
In the U.S., refers specifically to Italians. In UK and Commonwealth, may refer to Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese, and potentially Greek peoples, possibly derived from the Spanish name "Diego."
Greaseball, Greaser
In the U.S. especially, "greaseball" generally refers to a person of Italian descent, while "greaser," though it may be used as a shortening of "greaseball" to refer to Italians, has been more often applied to Hispanic Americans or Mexican Americans. However, "greaseball" and, to a lesser extent, "greaser," can also refer to any person of Mediterranean/Southern European descent or Hispanic descent, including Greeks, Spaniards, and the Portuguese, as well as Latin Americans.[49][50]
Kanake
(Ger) Used in 1960s Germany to refer to Southern European and Mediterranean immigrants, increasingly used exclusively for Turkish people.
Métèque
(Fr) Mediterranean or Middle Eastern immigrant, especially Italians.[51]
Wog
(Aus) Australian slur for the first wave of Southern European immigrants and their descendants that contrasted with the dominant Anglo-Saxon/Anglo-Celtic colonial stock. Used mostly for Mediterraneans and Southern Europeans, including the Spanish, Italians, Greeks, Macedonians, Lebanese, Arabs, Croatians and Serbians.

South Asian/Indian

American-Born Confused Desi, or ABCD
(Asian Indians in U.S.): used for American-born South Asians including Indian/ Pakistani/ Bangladeshi (mainly Indians as Indians are the largest number of "South Asians") who are confused about their cultural identity. This is often used humorously without any derogatory meaning.
Chee-chee
a Eurasian half-caste, probably from Hindi chi-chi fie!, literally, dirt.[52]
Paki
A racist term that is often applied to people of Pakistani or South Asian descent. Its origins are commonly traced back to about 30 years ago, when British hooligans used the term Paki-bashing to refer to the gang beating of ethnic minorities.[citation needed]
Curry Muncher
used in Australia, Africa, New Zealand, and North America, it is a person of Asian Indian origin.[53]
Hajji, Hadji, Haji
Used to refer to Iraqis, Arabs, Afghans, or Middle Eastern and South Asian people in general. Derived from the honorific Al-Hajji, the title given to a Muslim who has completed the Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)
Malaun
Term for Hindus used in Bangladesh.
Brownie
Someone of Hispanic, Indian, and Arab, rarely used as someone of Native American or Pacific Island descent.[33]

European

Bule
(Indonesia) White people; literally, "albino", but used in the same way that "colored" might be used to refer to a black person to mean any white person.[54]
Charlie
Mildly derogatory term used by African Americans, mainly in the 1960s and 1970s, to refer to a white person (from James Baldwin's play, Blues For Mister Charlie).[55]
Coonass or coon-ass
(U.S.) a Cajun; may be derived from the French conasse. May be used among Cajuns themselves. Not considered to be derogatory in most circumstances.
Cracker
(U.S.) Derogatory term for whites, particularly from the American South.[56]
Gringo
(The Americas) Non-Hispanic U.S. national. Hence Gringolandia, the United States; not always a pejorative term, unless used with intent to offend.[57]
Gubba
(AUS) Aboriginal (Koori) term for white people[58] – derived from Governor / Gubbanah
Gweilo, gwailo, or kwai lo (鬼佬)
(Hong Kong and South China) A White man. Gwei means "ghost." The color white is associated with ghosts in China. A lo is a regular guy (i.e. a fellow, a chap, or a bloke). Once a mark of xenophobia, the word was promoted by Maoists and is now in general, informal use.[59]
Honky (U.S.)
Offensive term for a white person.
Haole (Hawaii)
Usually not offensive, can be derogatory if intended to offend. Used by modern-day Native Hawaiians to refer to anyone of European descent whether native born or not. Use has spread to many other islands of the Pacific and is known in modern pop culture.[60]
Mangia cake / cake (Canada)
A derogatory term used by Italian Canadians to disdainfully describe those of Anglo-Saxon descent (from Italian, literally 'cake eater'). One suggestion is that this term originated from the perception of Italian immigrants that Canadian bread is sweet as cake in comparison to the rustic bread eaten by Italians.[61]
Hunky
(US) A central Central European laborer. It originated in the coal regions of Pennsylvania and West Virginia, where Poles and other immigrants from Central Europe (Hungarians (Magyar), Rusyns, Slovaks) came to perform hard manual labor on the mines.[62]
Medigan / Amedigan (U.S.)
Similar to "mangia cake." A term used by Italian Americans to refer to Americans of White Anglo Saxon Protestant descent, Americans with no discernible ethnicity, or non-Italian Americans in general. Comes from Southern Italian pronunciation of the Italian word "americano." [63][64][65][66][67][68]
Ofay
(US) a white person, unknown etymology.[7][69]
Arkie
A person from the State of Arkansas, used during the great depression to describe farmers from Arkansas looking for work else where.
Okie
A person from the State of Oklahoma, used during the great depression to describe farmers from Oklahoma looking for work else where.
Peckerwood
(U.S.) a white person (southerner). This word was coined in the 19th century by Southern blacks to describe poor whites.[70]

Native American

Timber Nigger
a Native American person, term used by whites in the U.S.[71]
Redskin
a Native American person, originated by Natives to describe themselves as different from the "white man" and sometimes used now as an offensive term[72]
(Red) Indian
only considered offensive by few, termed by Columbus due to the fact he thought he arrived in India, and met their natives and their reddish skin tone.[citation needed]
Prairie Nigger
used to describe Native Americans in the Great Plains.[73]
Injun
a corrupted version of the word "Indian".
Brownie
A brown-skinned person, or somoene of Asian, or Aboriginal Australian, or Japanese descent.[33]
Chug
(Canada) refers to an individual of aboriginal descent.[74] See Chugach for the native people.
Squaw
(US and CAN) a female Native American.[75] Derived from lower East Coast Algonquian (Massachuset: ussqua),[76] which originally meant "young woman", but which took on strong negative connotations in the late 20th century. (The equivalent derisive for a male is "buck", and for a child, "papoose".)

Pacific Islanders

Boonga / boong / bunga / boonie
(New Zealand) a Pacific Islander [alteration of boong].[77]
Brownie
Someone of Hispanic, Indian, and Arab, rarely used as someone of Native American or Pacific Island descent.[33]
Hori
(New Zealand), an offensive term for a Māori (from the formerly common Maorified version of the English name George).[78]

Individual ethnicities

Americans

Merkin
Internet slang for inhabitant of the United States of America.[79]
Yankee and Yank
First applied by the Dutch colonists of New Amsterdam to Connecticuters and other residents of New England, possibly from Dutch Janke ("Johnny") or from Jan Kees ("John Cheese").[80] Uncontracted, "Yankee" remains in use in the American South in reference to Northerners; contracted, "Yank" is employed internationally by speakers of British English in informal reference to all Americans (first recorded 1778[80]).
Seppo and Septic
From Cockney rhyming slang, using the unrhymed word of "septic tank" in reference to "Yank" above.

Northerners (America)

Yankee and Yank
First applied by the Dutch colonists of New Amsterdam to Connecticuters and other residents of New England, possibly from Dutch Janke ("Johnny") or from Jan Kees ("John Cheese").[80] Uncontracted, "Yankee" remains in use in the American South in reference to Northerners; contracted, "Yank" is employed internationally by speakers of British English in informal reference to all Americans (first recorded 1778[80]).

White Southerners (America)

Cracker
(U.S.) Derogatory term for whites, particularly from the American South.[56]
Rebel
A reference to the Souths recession or "rebellion" from the rest of the American Union.
Reb
A corruption of the word ethnic slur "Rebel". "Rebel" is a reference to the Souths recession or "rebellion" from the rest of the American Union.
Redneck
Usually an insult to rural people or Southerners.
Hillbilly
Usually used to describe rural people or Southerners. It originated as a term for farmers living in The Appalachian Mountains.
White Trash
An insult to describe the mainly white population of people who share a rural or southern lifestyle.
Trailer Trash
An insult to describe a mainly white southern population, stereotyped to live in trailer parks.
Hick
An insult to describe the mainly white population of people who share a rural or southern lifestyle.
Bumpkin, Country Bumpkin, and Hillbilly Bumpkin
An insult to describe the mainly white population of people who share a rural or southern lifestyle.
Good Ol' Boy
A term used to describe Southerners, typically white supremacist southerners.
Peckerwood
In the 1940s, the abbreviated version "wood" entered California prison slang, originally meaning an Okie mainly from the San Joaquin Valley. This has caused the symbol of the woodpecker to be used by white power skinheads and other pro-white groups. It is used as a slur against southerners today.

Britons

Main article: Alternative names for the British
Limey
A predominantly North American and Australian slang nickname for Britons, especially those from England.

Germans

Main article: List of terms used for Germans
The Hun, The Huns
Initially seen on Allied war propaganda during World War I. An allusion to the legendary savagery of Attila the Hun, referenced by Kaiser Wilhelm II in a speech given in 1900, exhorting his troops to be similarly brutal and relentless in suppressing the Boxer Rebellion in China.
Kraut
Since World War II, Kraut has, in the English language, come to be used as a derogatory term for a German. This is probably based on sauerkraut, which is popular in various South-German cuisines but traditionally not prepared in North Germany.
Jerry, Gerry
Rhyming slang (Jerry the German), primarily used in the first and second World Wars by the British, but also other English speakers. Based on the common given nickname Jerry, short for Jeremiah, Gerald, and other similar sounding names.
Piefke
The Austrian ethnic slur for a German is Piefke. Like its Bavarian counterpart Saupreiß (literally: sow-Prussian) the term Piefke historically characterized the people of Prussia only.[81]
Marmeladinger
The term Marmeladinger (from Southern German/Austrian "Marmelade" = jam [cook.]) has its origin in the trenches of World War I. While Austrian infantry rations included butter and lard as spread German troops had to make do with cheaper "Marmelade" as ersatz which they disdainfully called "Heldenbutter" (Hero's butter) or "Hindenburgfett".[82]
Boches
Apheresis of the word alboche, which in turn is a blend of allemand (French for German) and caboche (slang for head). Used mainly during the First and Second World Wars, and directed especially at German soldiers.[83]
Chleuh
From the name of the Chleuh, a North African ethnicity — a term with racial connotations. It also denotes the absence of words beginning in Schl- in French. It was used mainly in World War II, but is also used now in a less offensive way.
Mof
In Dutch the most common term for the German people, after the regular/official one, is "mof". It is regarded as a derogative term, used exclusively for Germans and reflected Dutch resentment of the German occupation of the Netherlands during the Second World War.[84]

Irish

Bog-trotter or Bog Irish
Derogatory term for the Irish derived from Irish practice of peat farming.[85][86]
Mick
Derogatory term for an Irishman in the U.S. and U.K. Like Mickey, Mike, and Mikey, Mick is a common abbreviation or nickname for Micheal (in English) or Mícheál (its equivalent in Irish), which are common names for Irish males (such as Mick McCarthy).[87][88]
Paddy
Derogatory term for an Irish man, derived from a nickname for Pádraig, a common Irish name for males after St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. The term is not always intended to be derogatory - for instance, it was used by Taoiseach-in-waiting Enda Kenny in February 2011.[89]
Prod
Abbreviation for 'Protestant', especially Northern Ireland Protestants, often used alongside 'Taig', in expressions such as 'both Taigs and Prods'; like other such abbreviations everywhere, it is often used for convenience, or as a friendly nickname, or as self-description, usually without any offense being intended, and usually without any offense being taken.
Taig
derived from the Irish Gaelic forename Tadhg, often used to describe Catholics in Northern Ireland. It often has implications of Republican sympathy. It is often used alongside 'Prod', in expressions such as 'both Taigs and Prods'.
Snout
Offensive term used in Northern Ireland to describe Protestants of British descent living in Northern Ireland.[90]

Italians

Dago
(U.S.) A person of Italian descent.
Ginzo
(U.S.) an Italian-American.[91]
Goombah
An Italian male, especially an Italian thug or mafioso.
Greaseball
(U.S.) Can be used to describe a person of Italian or Hispanic descent.[92]
Greaser
(U.S.) Can be used to describe a person of Italian or Hispanic descent. Can also be used to describe members of the 1950s subculture which Italians were stereotyped to be a part of.
Guido
(US) An Italian-American male. Usually offensive. Derives from the Italian given name, Guido. Used mostly in the Northeastern United States as a stereotype for working-class urban Italian-Americans.[93]
Guinea
(U.S.) someone of Italian descent. (Derives from "Guinea Negro," was called because of some Italians who had dark complexions)
Wog
(Aus) Australian slur for the first wave of Southern European immigrants and their descendants that contrasted with the dominant Anglo-Saxon/Anglo-Celtic colonial stock. Used mostly for Mediterraneans and Southern Europeans, including the Spanish, Italians, Greeks, Macedonians, Lebanese, Arabs, Croatians and Serbians.
Wop
(U.S.) A racial term for anyone of Italian descent, derived from the Italian dialectism, "guappo," close to "dude, swaggerer" and other informal appellations, a greeting among male Neapolitans.[94][95] With Out Passport/Papers or Working On Pavement are popular alternative etymologies for the slur, supposedly derived from Italians that arrived to North America as immigrants without papers and worked in construction and blue collar work. These acronyms are dismissed as folk etymology or backronyms by etymologists.

Lebanese

Lebo
(Chiefly Aus) Someone of Lebanese descent, usually a Lebanese Australian.
Wog
(Aus) Australian slur for the first wave of Southern European immigrants and their descendants that contrasted with the dominant Anglo-Saxon/Anglo-Celtic colonial stock. Originally used mostly for Mediterraneans and Southern Europeans, including the Spanish, Italians, Greeks, and Macedonians, expanded to include Mediterranean people of the Middle East or Levantine, including the Lebanese.

Macedonians

Bulgaroskopian
(Greece) Used by Greeks when referring to the Macedonians in an attempt to deny self-identification [96][97]
Macedonist
(Bulgaria) A derogatory term used by Bulgarians to identify Macedonians [98]
Pseudomacedonian
(Greece) Used by Greeks to refer to the Macedonians in an attempt to deny self-identification [99]
Skopjan or Skopjian, Skopiana or Skopianika
(Greece) A term used by Greeks to refer to Macedonians in an attempt to deny self-identification[97][100][101][102][103][104][105][106]

Russians

Russki, Russkie
Sometimes disparaging when used by foreigners for "Russian",[107] although in the Russian language, it is a neutral term which simply means an ethnic Russian as opposed to a citizen of the Russian Federation.
Comrade, Commie
Terms used for Communists are sometimes used for Russians, since Russians are stereotyped as Communists, because Russia was once a Communist state.

Canadians

Canucks
A term used for Canadians, not considered very insulting.

Chinese

Main article: Pejorative terms for Chinese people

Japanese

Main article: Pejorative terms for Japanese people

Koreans

Main article: Pejorative terms for Koreans

Filipino

Main article: Anti-Filipino sentiment § Derogatory terms

Serbs

Main article: Pejorative terms for Serbs

Ukrainians

Further information: Anti-Ukrainian sentiment § Ethnic slurs

Crossed Ethnicities

African-European

Mulatto
(Origin Americas) Mulatto is a term used to refer to a person who is born from one white parent. The term is generally considered archaic by some and inadvertently derogatory, especially in the African-American community. The term is widely used in Latin America and Caribbean usually without suggesting any insult. Historically in the American South, the term mulatto was applied also at times to persons with an admixture of Native Americans, and African Americans in general. In early American history, the term mulatto was also used to refer to persons of Native American and European ancestry.
Uncle Tom
(U.S. minorities) term for an African-American, Latino, or Asian who panders to white people; a "sellout" (from the title character of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin.)
Oreo
Africans that practice white culture, called this because they are "black on the outside, white on the inside" according to users of the term.
Aunt Jemima / Aunt Jane / Aunt Mary / Aunt Sally / Aunt Thomasina
(U.S. Blacks) a black woman who "kisses up" to whites, a "sellout," female counterpart of Uncle Tom (see also "Coconut" below).[108] Taken from the popular syrup of the same name, where "Aunt Jemima" is represented as a black woman.[109]
Afro-Saxon
(North America) A young white male devotee of black pop culture.[110]
Ann
A white woman to a black person, or a black woman who acts too much like a white one. While Miss Ann, also just plain Ann, is a derisive reference to the white woman, by extension it is applied to any black woman who puts on airs and tries to act like Miss Ann.[111]
Wigger, Wegro
is a slang term for a white person who allophilically emulates mannerisms, slangs and fashions stereotypically associated with urban African Americans; especially in relation to hip hop culture.
Rhineland Bastard
was a derogatory term used in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany to describe Afro-German children of mixed German and African parentage, who were fathered by Africans serving as French colonial troops occupying the Rhineland after World War I.

Native American-African

Mulatto
(Origin Americas) Mulatto is a term used to refer to a person who is born from one white parent. The term is generally considered archaic by some and inadvertently derogatory, especially in the African-American community. The term is widely used in Latin America and Caribbean usually without suggesting any insult. Historically in the American South, the term mulatto was applied also at times to persons with an admixture of Native Americans, and African Americans in general. In early American history, the term mulatto was also used to refer to persons of Native American and European ancestry.
Zambo
are racial terms used in the Spanish and Portuguese Empires and occasionally today to identify individuals in the Americas who are of mixed African and Amerindian ancestry (the analogous English term, considered a slur, is sambo).
Lobos
In Mexico, Black Native Americans are known as lobos (literally meaning wolves), they formed a sizeable minority in the past.

Native American-European

Mulatto
(Origin Americas) Mulatto is a term used to refer to a person who is born from one white parent. The term is generally considered archaic by some and inadvertently derogatory, especially in the African-American community. The term is widely used in Latin America and Caribbean usually without suggesting any insult. Historically in the American South, the term mulatto was applied also at times to persons with an admixture of Native Americans, and African Americans in general. In early American history, the term mulatto was also used to refer to persons of Native American and European ancestry.
Apple
(North America) a Native American who is "red on the outside, white on the inside." Used primarily by other Native Americans to indicate someone who has lost touch with their cultural identity. First used in the 1970s.[112]

South Asian-European

American-Born Confused Desi, or ABCD
(Asian Indians in U.S.): used for American-born South Asians including Indian/ Pakistani/ Bangladeshi (mainly Indians as Indians are the largest number of "South Asians") who are confused about their cultural identity. This is often used humorously without any derogatory meaning.

East Asian-European

Banana
(North America; UK; Malaysia) an East or Southeast Asian person living in a Western country (e.g., an East Asian American) who is yellow on the outside, white on the inside. Used primarily by East or Southeast Asians to indicate someone who has lost touch with the cultural identity of his or her parents.[113]

Pacific Islander/Latin American/South Asian/African-European

Coconut
(US) a person of Hispanic descent who is accused of acting 'white'.[114]
(US/SA) a black person who is accused of "trying to be white".[115][116]
(UK) a brown person of South Asian descent who has assimilated into Western culture.[117][118][119]
(New Zealand/Australia) a Pacific Islander. Named after the coconut, the nut from the coconut palm; in the American sense, it derives from the fact that a coconut is brown on the outside and white on the inside (see also "Oreo" above).[120]

See also

Literature

  • Geoffrey Hughes, An Encyclopedia of Swearing: The Social History of Oaths, Profanity, Foul Language, And Ethnic Slurs in the English-speaking World, (M.E. Sharpe: 2006)
  • The New Oxford American Dictionary, second edition. Ed. Erin McKean. (Oxford University Press: 2005).
  • The Concise Oxford English Dictionary. Ed. Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson. (Oxford University Press: 2004)
  • Bruce Moore (editor), The Australian Oxford Dictionary, (2004)
  • Eric Partridge, A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, (2002)
  • Richard A. Spears, Slang and Euphemism, (2001)
  • Jonathon Green, The Cassell Dictionary of Slang (1998)
  • Grand dictionnaire (Larousse: 1993)
  • John A. Simpson, Oxford Dictionary Of Modern Slang ISBN 0-19-861052-1
  • John A. Simpson, Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series ISBN 0-19-861299-0

References

  1. ^ Douglas Livingstone Drums Along Balmoral Drive(1986)
  2. ^ Spears (2001), p. 10.; also, Zoo Ape or Jungle Ape
  3. ^ Dominelli, Lena (1986). Love and wages: the impact of imperialism, State intervention and women's domestic labour on workers' control in Algeria 1962-1972. Novata. p. 123.
  4. ^ "Operation Blue Gum" for Barack Obama Gets the Chainsaw—"The Australian" Hedley Thomas--20 March 2010:
  5. ^ No Way Out (film) 1950 Sidney Poitier and Richard Widmark
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  7. ^ a b "Saturday Night Live transcript, Season 1, Episode 7"
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  10. ^ The Jerk 1979
  11. ^ Zulu 1964
  12. ^ "'Controversial' golly to be shelved" BBC News 23 August 2001
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  16. ^ a b Goings, Kenneth (1994) Mammy and Uncle Mose: Black Collectibles and American Stereotyping, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, ISBN 0-253-32592-7
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  19. ^ Simpson. "nigra"
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  58. ^ "gubba," Moore (2004) [Accessed 7 May 2006.]
  59. ^ Gweilo
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  61. ^ "Anyone for a Kubasa on a Calabrese?"
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  68. ^ Riccitelli, Donna (2012). Mobster's Girl. Amy Rachiele.
  69. ^ Online Etymology Dictionary
  70. ^ A Visual Database of Extremist Symbols, Logos and Tattoos
  71. ^ Kennedy, Randall L. (Winter 1999–2000). "Who Can Say "Nigger"? And Other Considerations" (PDF). The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (26): 86–96 [87]. doi:10.2307/2999172. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  72. ^ http://anthropology.si.edu/goddard/redskin.pdf
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  74. ^ Warman v. Beaumont, CHRT (Canadian Human Rights Commission 2007) ("I haven't seen the new $50 bills, but the $20's and $100's I have seen. I have talked with a few people about them (who aren't WN) but they don't like the fact that there is native stuff on the bills. I mean, who wants to pay for something and be reminded of a chug? Not me!").
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  82. ^ Anton Karl Mally: "Piefke". Herkunft und Rolle eines österreichischen Spitznamens für den Preußen, den Nord- und den Reichsdeutschen, in: Muttersprache. Zeitschrift zur Pflege und Erforschung der deutschen Sprache, [Wiesbaden] 1984, number 4, pp. 257-286.
  83. ^ Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Boche" . Encyclopedia Americana.
  84. ^ Waarom wordt een Duitser Mof genoemd ??? (Dutch)
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  88. ^ The names Micheal and Mícheál are derived from St. Michael, variants of whose name (such as Michel in French, and Michelle in both English and French) are common for both genders throughout the Western world (not just for Irish males).
  89. ^ ""Paddy likes to know what the story is" – Ireland's Taoiseach-in-waiting promises to tell the truth". TheJournal.ie. February 26, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2015. Enda Kenny says once he has the full facts about the economic crisis, he'll keep us informed. ... He promised that the Irish people would be kept informed of the economic situation, saying: The incoming government is not going to leave our people in the dark …Paddy likes to know what the story is.
  90. ^ Lanclos, Donna M. (2003). At Play in Belfast: Children's Folklore and Identities in Northern Ireland. Rutgers University Press. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-8135-3322-3. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
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  93. ^ "Strutting Season". The Washington Post. 2003-07-06. Retrieved 2010-05-08.
  94. ^ wop. Dictionary.com. Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper, Historian. "Wop". Retrieved 1 November 2007.
  95. ^ Online Etymological Dictionary: Wop
  96. ^ Ο ΟΑΣΕ αναγνώρισε "μακεδονική" μειονότητα στην Ελλάδα
  97. ^ a b Ο Γιώργος Καρατζαφέρης έβαλε "στην θέση της" την Υπουργό Εξωτερικών των Σκοπίων (in Greek). Ελληνικές Γραμμες ("Hellenic Lines"). Retrieved July 18, 2006.
  98. ^ Rychlík, Jan (2007). "The Consciousness of the Slavonic Orthodox Population in Pirin Macedonia and the Identity of the Population of Moravia and Moravian Slovakia". Sprawy Narodowościowe (31): 183–197. Retrieved July 11, 2009.
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  100. ^ Laura Payton. MP Karygiannis Accused of Berating Civil Servants. 26 August 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  101. ^ Canadian Member of Parliament Refers to Macedonians as 'Skopjans'. Action Alert. 21 September 2007.
  102. ^ Macedonians Demand Resignation of Liberal MP Jim Karygiannis. Macedonian Human Rights Movement International. 11 May 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  103. ^ Report Sent to International Organizations, April 8, 2008, http://macedoniansaregreeksen.blogspot.gr/2008/04/report-sent-to-international.html
  104. ^ Ant1 News, Ώρα μηδέν για το Σκοπιανό (Time Zero for the Skopjan issue), Retrieved on 2008-03-02.
  105. ^ eriot, P. (1997) "Faut-il que les langues aient un nom? Le cas du macédonien", in Andrée Tabouret-Keller (éd.) : Le nom des langues. L'enjeu de la nomination des langues, vol. 1, (Louvain : Peeters), pp. 167–190.
  106. ^ Androitis, N. P. (1966) The Federative Republic of Skopje and its Language. (Athens)
  107. ^ Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
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  110. ^ Spears (2001), p.4.
  111. ^ Hugh Rawson, Wicked Words, (1989) p. 19.
  112. ^ Green, Jonathon (2005). Cassell's Dictionary of Slang. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 29. ISBN 9780304366361. Retrieved 1 November 2013. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  113. ^ "The Confession of a Banana". Retrieved 1 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  114. ^ "Hispanic Groups Criticize Ad Guru for Calling Rubio 'Coconut'". Fox News. 2010-02-24.
  115. ^ "Coconuts and Oreos". Retrieved 1 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  116. ^ "The Coconuts (TV sitcom)". M-Net. 2007-12-13. Archived from the original on 2008-12-16. Retrieved 1 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  117. ^ "Many Asians 'do not feel British'". BBC. 2007-07-30. Archived from the original on 2007-08-08. Retrieved 2014-01-29. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  118. ^ Coleman, Clive (2010-06-29). "The rules of speech crime". BBC. Archived from the original on 2010-07-01. Retrieved 2014-01-29. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  119. ^ Muir, High (2010-06-29). "Hideously diverse Britain: Understanding the 'coconut' row". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Archived from the original on 2013-09-15. Retrieved 2014-01-29. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  120. ^ Orsman, H. W. (1999). The Dictionary of New Zealand English. Auckland: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-558347-7.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

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