Mohmand
Mohmand (Pashto:مومند) is a Pashtun tribe son of Daulatyar tribe grandson of Ghoryakhel mainly live in Nangarhar, Afghanistan and Mohmand Agency, FATA.
History
The Momands Ghoryakhel originally lived in present Mohmand region, Kandahar, Arghistan, Ghazni, Ghwara, and between the basins of the Tarnak river, Oxus river and Indus river for centuries along the present Pak-Afghan border.
When Peshawar was annexed formally by the British, the area that comprises the present Mohmand agency was ruled by the local tribesmen and was under the influence of Khan of Lalpura based in the Lal Pur District. The Safis were under the control of Khans of Bajaur and the Utmankhels were independent of any Khanate.[1]
The Momands fought many times against the British India and other foreign invasion. The area of the Mohmands may be defined roughly as bounded on the East by Charsadda, and Peshawar Dist in present Pakistan. On the North by Bajour Agency; on the West by Nangarhar(Afghanistan) and on the South by the Khyber Agency; The area of Mohmand is about 1200 sq. m. The Durand line boundary line now runs through the Mohmand area. The Emir of Afghanistan in 1893 gave assurances to the Burhan Khel, Dawezai, Halimzai, Isa Khel, Tarangzai and Utmanzai sections of the Mohmands that they will not suffer by the severance of their ancient connection with Afghanistan; and these are known as the Assured Clans. Though Majority Mohmands live in Pakistan they also live in Afghanistan, primarily in Nangarhar, Ghazni, Kunar, Logar and Kunduz. Many of them live in Mohmands village of Pul-e-Jogi of Braki Brak District. Pul-e-Jogi is 10 minutes drive from Wardak Province. Dr. Waheedullah Mohmand and Dr. Mohammad Habib Mohmand are famous people known by many people from Wardak Province. Likewise, Mohmand live in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan, particularly Mohmand Agency.Many people of cast Mohmand migrated to India. Among them were 12 brothers who formed a tribe known as Barabasti. The people of Barah Basti are known to Mohmands and their sub clan Daud Zai. [2]
The great Sanskrit grammarian and historian Pāṇini, mentioned the names of tribes such as the Aprits (identified with the modern Afridis) and the Madhumants (identified with the modern Mohmand) who inhabited the northwestern areas, in his Ashtadhyayi in the 5th century BC.[3]
In May 2018, Mohmand tribal elders condemned the merger of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.[4]
Principal clans
The major tribes in Mohmand agency are:
- Isa Khail
- Mos
- Malikyar
- Shalizi
- Tarak zai
- Halim zai
- Khwae zai
- Bai zai
- Utman Khel
- Ambar Utman Khail
- Laman Utman Khail
- Daud zai
- Aleem zai
- Mohammadzai
▪Yarakhail
The central bazaar of Mohmand is Gandhab and locally known as Ghandao Bazaar. The Tarakzai are concentrated in the lower Mohmand from Ekka Ghund to Michanai up to Daudzai. They are a well-educated tribe settled at the gate of the Mohmand Agency. The sub-tribes of the Tarak Zai are Dado Khel, Qasim Khel, Bran Khel and Issa Khel. [1]
Peshawar
Mohmands living in different villages in south of Peshawar and their leaders are Malik or Arbab. Arbab residing in Landi Arbab Peshawar are known as Mohmand tribe and there villages from Badaber, Kagawala, Masrezai, Surizai, Sulimankhel, Bazidkhel, Mashokhel, Sheikhan, Matani, Pasani, Hazaar khwanay, Bahadur Kalay etc. and surrounding area last village is Landi Arbab. There are five main sub divisions of the Momand tribe living an above villages of Peshawar. Rahman BaBa Shrine is in Bahadar kalay Peshawar and he was Momand Ghoryakhel and that village is Momand tribe. [citation needed]
- Isa Khel
- Wand Khel
- Bhai Khel
- Surizai
- Musazai
Rivers
The Kabul River and Swat River are the two rivers that pass through the area of the Lower Mohmand. Kabul River forms the boundary between the Khyber and Mohmand agencies after entry into Pakistan territory. The flow of the water is from the west towards the east. On entry into Pakistan territory, the course of the Kabul River is through high mountains gorges till after it passes through the Warsak Dam, where after it starts running through the Peshawar valley area. Swat river flows from the north towards south after entering the agency limits from the Malakand and passes through the area of Prang Ghar/Pindiali Tehsil. The course of this river is also through mountainous territory till it reaches the Munda Headworks wherefrom it starts running through the plains. [citation needed]
Climate
The climate in Mohmand agency is hot in summer season while cool in winter. The summer season commences from May and continues for 4 months till 31 August. The winter season starts from November and continue till February. The rainfall is scanty. Most of the rainfall is during winter season.[citation needed]
Occupations
The sources of income are very limited in general except agriculture and some trade/business. Most of the locals are earning their livelihood in the Gulf States.[citation needed]
Places of interest
Warsak Hydel Power station is situated on the river Kabul about 32.2 km from Peshawar. The construction of the project was started in 1955 and the power station was commissioned in 1960. Before commissioning of Mangla Power station, it was one of the major sources of power.
Munda dam is being constructed on Swat River to the east of the agency which is an ideal site for a hydro power station. Gandab valley This historic valley is situated in the Mohmand agency and shoots forth in the north- west direction from Pir Killa, a village on the main Michni Shabqadar road, and 32 km to the north of Peshawar. It runs parallel to a dry bed of a nullah; it is inhabited by the Halim zai section of the Mohmand tribe.
Notable Mohmands
- Ashfaq Ahmed, famous writer, novelist, short-story writers, playwright and Sufi scholar from Pakistan.
- Zain Khan Sirhindi (Mohmand), made Governor (Subahdar) of Sirhind province, India by Ahmad Shah Durrani (Abdali). Died in the Battle of Sirhind (1764). He headed the Morcha Khel section of the Mohmands.
- Abdul Ahad Mohmand, the first Afghan and Pushtun to reach outer space.
- Mahmood Hayat, Pakistani artist who pioneered the Pakistani art video making genre.
- Rahman Baba, a Pashto Sufi poet, arguably the most popular poet among the Pashtun diaspora.
- Qalandar Momand, Pashto scholar, poet, critic, short story writer, journalist, linguist, lexicographer, and academician.
- Rustam Shah Mohmand, He has served as Chief Secretary NWFP, Interior Secretary of Pakistan, Pakistan's Ambassador to Afghanistan and Commissioner for Afghan Refugees. Rustam Shah Mohmand also served as Political Agent in the Khyber and South Waziristan Agencies.He specializes in FATA (in Afghanistan) and refugee affairs. He is currently the political advisor to provincial government of PTI in KPK.
- Saleem Safi, A prominent Pakistani TV anchor and presenter of Jirga on Geo News
References
- ^ a b http://waziristanhills.com/FATA/AgenciesFRs/MohmandAgency/tabid/78/language/en-GB/Default.as[permanent dead link]
- ^ http://www.barahbasti.org/Shajrah_BarahBasti_Afghanan.pdf
- ^ page 64 India and Central Asia By J. N. Roy, J.N. Roy And B.B. Kumar, Astha Bharati (Organization), Indian Council for Cultural Relations
- ^ Mohmand, Mureeb (2018-05-29). "Aftermath: Mohmand tribe opposes Fata, K-P merger". The Express Tribune. Pakistan. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
http://www.barahbasti.org/Shajrah_BarahBasti_Afghanan.pdf