Jump to content

One Canada Square: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
E14ds7 (talk | contribs)
3 edits
No edit summary
Line 253: Line 253:
This view is similar to the remarks made by employees of The Daily Telegraph, who formerly occupied floors 11-16 of the tower.
This view is similar to the remarks made by employees of The Daily Telegraph, who formerly occupied floors 11-16 of the tower.


Non believers tend to upset believers by shutting them up on Wikipedia.
Non believers tend to upset believers by shutting them up on Wikipedia. They totally try to delete everything they do on and give them an unfair say on Wikipedia.


===== Believers =====
===== Believers =====

Revision as of 09:38, 14 June 2008

One Canada Square
1 Canada Square
The tallest building in the United Kingdom
Map
General information
LocationUnited Kingdom London, England, UK
Coordinates51°50′55″N 0°01′97″E / 51.84861°N 0.04361°E / 51.84861; 0.04361 Coordinates: longitude seconds >= 60
{{#coordinates:}}: invalid longitude
OwnerUnited Kingdom Canary Wharf Group plc (current majority shareholder is Songbird Estates plc[15])
ManagementUnited Kingdom Canary Wharf Group plc
Height
Antenna spire244 metres (800 ft) [5] above sea level, or 235.1 metres (771 ft)[6] above ground level.
(See height section for other quoted heights).
Technical details
Floor count50[4]
Floor area115,000 m2 (1,238,000 sq ft)[7]
Lifts/elevators32 + 2 freight + 2 firemen[4]
Design and construction
Architect(s)United States César Pelli & Associates[7][8][9][10]
Canada Adamson Associates[11][8][10]
United Kingdom Frederick Gibberd Coombes & Partners[8][12][10]
DeveloperCanada Olympia & York[14][2]
EngineerCanada MS Yolles & Partners[8]
United Kingdom Waterman Partnership[13][8]

One Canada Square (also known as the Canary Wharf Tower[16]) is a skyscraper in Canary Wharf, London. It is currently the tallest building in the United Kingdom at 244 metres (800 ft)[5] above sea level, or 235.1 metres (771 ft)[6] above ground level (see height section for other quoted heights). It is currently the sixth tallest building in the European Union.

A London landmark

One Canada Square is a conspicuous London landmark, clearly visible at a distance from large areas of East and South London in particular.

It appears that the tower can be seen approximately 30 miles away from the following observations: Its visibility reaches to Gore Hill, Amersham, around 28 miles (45 km) away, from where it, and the rest of Canary Wharf can be seen on a clear day. It can also be seen from the higher parts of the Lea Valley in southern Hertfordshire and Essex; this is particularly apparent when travelling towards London on the M11 motorway or A10 road. On a clear evening, the illuminated pyramid which forms the roof of the building can even be seen from ZSL Whipsnade Zoo in Bedfordshire, over 32 miles (51 km) away. The building can also be seen from the hills overlooking Guildford, a distance of around 31 miles (50 km).

A view of the building from the ground up

History and design

The original plans

The original plans for Canary Wharf being a business district came from G Ware Travelstead[10]. He wanted 3 different towers at Canary Wharf being 850 feet high[10]. Travelstead was unable to find the money for his project, so he sold the plans to Olympia & York in 1987[10].

Docklands Square and DS7

Olympia & York concentrated all 3 towers into an area[10] known as Docklands Square. One Canada Square was building number 7, being given a designation known as DS7[17] (D is Docklands[18], S is Square[18], 7 is Building 7). Docklands Square was later renamed as Canada Square.

Architects / Design

The architects chosen for One Canada Square were Cesar Pelli & Associates, Adamson Associates, and Frederick Gibberd Coombes & Partners[10][8].

One Canada Square is remarkably similar in design to Three World Financial Center, New York City, which was also developed by Olympia & York and designed by Cesar Pelli too. Olympia & York wanted to clad One Canada Square in stone, just like the World Financial Center buildings, but the architects insisted on steel[10] to reflect Britain’s heritage as an industrial nation[19].

The architects wanted to reflect the design of the tower like other London landmarks being simple geometric forms[19], such as St. Paul’s and the Houses of Parliament[19].

The design of the tower did gain a fair share of criticism. According to Cesar Pelli, the most damaging criticism came from Prince Charles who said "I personally would go mad if I had to work in a place like that"[20].

To comply with air traffic safety regulations, the architects took off 5 floors[10][19] of the tower. After losing 5 floors, Olympia & York insisted the other floors had to make up the lost floor space[10].

Construction

Construction on the tower began in 1988[10]. Construction was given to Sir Robert McAlpine & Sons in association with Ellis Don of Toronto[10], but they were so slow at building the tower, partly due to building workers going on strike in the Summer of 1989[21], so Lehrer McGovern took over[10].

On 8 November 1990, the tower was topped out when the top piece of the pyramid roof was put in place by crane.

Opening

In August 1991, One Canada Square was completed[10] and open for business.

Post-completion

The majority of the tower was empty after opening because most tenants had not moved in yet and there was a global recession.

During the Christmas celebrations of 1991, lights and lasers[22] were installed in One Canada Square. Some say this was to brighten up most of the dark windows.

In May 1992, the original developers, Olympia & York, went into bankruptcy administration. A majority of the tenants who were due to move into One Canada Square refused. (Only a handful of tenants actually believed in the Canary Wharf project and still moved in despite the bankruptcy situation.)

Over the next several years, ultimate ownership of the tower changed several times (see Ownership section).

In 1999, One Canada Square was completely let for the very first time. It took 11 years to fill up the tower (as tenants were first sought from the date of construction).

Building technical details

Building name

Official name

The official name given to the building is 'One Canada Square'[4].

Acceptable names

Royal Mail / The Post Office (as well as some building tenants and other sources) refers to the building as '1 Canada Square'[23][24].

The building has also been legally referred to as the 'Canary Wharf Tower'[25], rather than 'One Canada Square'.

Incorrect names and references

The incorrect names that have been used on One Canada Square are:

The building may have been referred to as the 'vertical Fleet Street', after several of London's newspapers moved from Fleet Street in the City of London to One Canada Square[33].

Building designation

The building designation for One Canada Square is DS7[17][34]. It stands for Docklands Square[18] 7.

Building height

Measurement methods

The height of the building may differ depending on:

  • measurement method (if it was measured to pinnacle height/spire height, highest occupied floor, roof height, pinnacle height)
  • if it is above ground or sea level
  • if the numbers were rounded (and to what extent)
Height of One Canada Square

The height of One Canada Square has been stated differently from many sources. Some of the measurements given to One Canada Square are as follows:

  • Officially, Canary Wharf Group state that the building is 800 feet (244 metres)[5] (Probably this has been rounded down, to the nearest hundredth of a foot, by above sea level)

The criteria for this measurement is:
1. Height is measured from pavement/sidewalk level of the main entrance to the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage or flag poles.
2. A completed building can be considered such if it fulfils all three of the following criteria:
2. a) topped out structurally and architecturally
2. b) fully-clad
2. c) open for business, or at least partially occupied

  • Skyscraper News (non-official site about Canary Wharf) state that the building is 235.1 metres[6] (Above ground level)
  • A publication called "Modern Docklands: Gazetteer of modern non-housing developments", "Survey of London: volumes 43 and 44" shows that from their research, the building is 824 feet[10], which implies the building is 251 metres. (Probably this is the exact height as given in the Olympia & York days. The figure is probably above sea level)
Other height information

Canary Wharf buildings cannot be much taller due to the interference with flight paths.

One Canada Square was reduced from 55 floors to 50 floors as it got in the way of the flight path[19] to London City Airport. Their management keeps a close eye on the building plans and applications made by Canary Wharf Group.

Pyramid roof

The pyramid roof at night

The pyramid lights

The pyramid roof lights up in the evenings and can be seen 20 miles away[36].

Inside the pyramid

The pyramid roof contains a maintenance plant. The following is what goes on inside.

Water

Water is pumped up to the pyramid roof, and is continuously rotated. A common sound that is heard inside the pyramid roof is water being moved around. There are two possible uses:

1) General water requirements, such as toilets, etc.

2) Water for the fire system. If a fire occurs inside the building, the sprinklers can get the water from the roof, as it is easier for water to flow downwards.

Window washing machines

The machines for washing the building windows are stored inside the pyramid roof. There are two types:

1) An automatic window washing machine that run on rails on the sides of the building. This machine can clean a window in seconds.

2) A manual window washing cradle.

Both of these machines for cleaning the windows are supported by rails that run around the outside of the pyramid roof that are bolted down into the maintenance floor itself.

Aircraft warning light
Canary Wharf: Aircraft warning lights

The aircraft warning light is at the very top of the pyramid. Access is via a ladder with a sign that warns of unauthorised entry will lead to dismissal.

Ventilation for HVAC

The HVAC (climate control) system release air and vapours through the pyramid roof. Sometimes in winter, the discharges can be clearly seen, and often mistaken as smoke, where local people have frequently called the fire brigade thinking the tower was on fire.

Electrical equipment

There is electrical equipment that regulates the power to the rest of the building on the mezzanine floor.

Facts about the pyramid

  • 40 metres high[37]
  • 30 metres square at the base[37]
  • made from stainless steel[37]
  • a louvre access door opens to allow a shining beacon to identify the building to passing aircraft[37]
  • weighs over 100 tons[37]
  • held together by 100,000 nuts and bolts[37]

Fire system

In the event of a fire, One Canada Square is not fully evacuated. Only the floor that has the fire and the floor above are evacuated. The fire sprinkler system is activated, air conditioning will work in reverse to extract smoke, and air is blown in from the emergency exits (so that smoke does not enter the emergency exits).

The only time when One Canada Square was fully evacuated was on 30 October 2001[38], during a test drill in response to the "September 11, 2001 attacks".

General figures

  • 40 flashes per minute, 57,600 flashes a day from the aircraft warning light at the top of the building[5]
  • 28,000 square feet average floor size[5]
  • 3,960 windows[5]
  • 4,388 internal steps[5]
  • 13 ¾ inches that the building can sway in the strongest winds[5]
  • 27,500 metric tonnes of British steel used during construction[5]
  • 500,000 bolts used during construction[5]

Building internal relations

Public access

A view from the top floor, May 2000

The ground floor, foyer area and basement levels of One Canada Square are open to the general public, having an underground shopping area and a transport interchange from Canary Wharf tube and Docklands Light Railway stations. Access from the basement also links to Canada Square shopping mall[39].

The floors above the lobby are not opened to the public as they contain offices.

Despite its status as the United Kingdom's tallest building, there is currently no public observation floor. However, there was an exception during 12 September 1992 - 15 November 1992, when bankruptcy administrators for Olympia & York Canary Wharf Limited opened the 50th floor to the public, in order to maintain interest in Canary Wharf. The scheme was stopped on 15 November 1992 when the IRA attempted to bomb the tower[30] (see Terrorism section).

Light usage

File:Canary Wharf buildings at night.jpg
Lights left on at Canary Wharf

One Canada Square was 'named and shamed' for being the top building to leave the lights on unnecessarily[40]. The research carried out by the BBC Inside Out team found that on midnight Sunday, One Canada Square left more lights on than any other building in London[40].

However, Canary Wharf Group did say that some tenants have staff working around the clock[40], and 100% of the energy comes from renewable resources[40].

The 13th floor mystery

One mystery surrounding One Canada Square is what happened to the 13th floor. Some people believe the 13th floor doesn't exist, whilst others believe it does. In the two beliefs below, there have been no credible cited references or video evidence to show or deny both claims.

Non-believers

One belief is that there is no 13th floor[41][6] in the tower, and it is numbered 14 instead (in line with a common building superstition). According to this belief, the floor above the 12th floor is the 14th floor. They claim that if there was an extra floor, the lifts will take longer to travel between the neighbouring floors, or accelerate, both of which may be noticed by the riders. Also, it would be noticeable from the exterior, requiring either an extra row of windows or a conspicuous gap between rows.

Non-believers question why there is not a floor numbered 13. Elevators travelling between the ground floor and 16th floor have a blank button for what should be the 13th floor. They claim that using the fire escape stairs reveals that the floors go straight from the 12th floor to the 14th floor with no space for an extra floor in between. They say that there are no observable signs of an extra floor from within the building or from outside.

This view is similar to the remarks made by employees of The Daily Telegraph, who formerly occupied floors 11-16 of the tower.

Non believers tend to upset believers by shutting them up on Wikipedia. They totally try to delete everything they do on and give them an unfair say on Wikipedia.

Believers

Another belief is that the 13th floor do exist and it is a maintenance floor[42] that contains plant machinery, such as the plant rooms in the basements (Levels B3 to M1) and above the 50th floor (Level M2). They claim that this does not negate the chances of there being an extra maintenance floor that has not been officially declared, nor a floor made to look like offices. They also say that just because one cannot get to the floor using the lifts, do not mean it does not exist.

This belief may have originated when the tower owners insisted that it was merely an architectural coincidence that the thirteenth floor of One Canada Square houses the air conditioning equipment and no rentable offices. Whether or not this was a correct statement to give is debatable.

Tenants

Current tenants

(This listing differs from Canary Wharf Group's list[7] as it is outdated. This listing also does not match Royal Mail / The Post Office list when searching for companies in One Canada Square[23])

Previous tenants

Ownership

The ownership of One Canada Square has changed since it was constructed. The table below shows who have previously owned One Canada Square, and also who are the current owners.

Any use of a holding company has been excluded from this list, as it is easier to trace the true owner.

Date Owner
1988-1991 (Building under construction) Olympia & York Canary Wharf Limited (Ultimate parent: Olympia & York Developments Limited)
1991-1992 Olympia & York Canary Wharf Limited (Ultimate parent: Olympia & York Developments Limited)
1992-1993 None (previous owners were in administration due to bankruptcy)
1993-1995 Canary Wharf Limited (Parent: Sylvester Investments) (Ultimate parent: a consortium of 11 banks owned by Barclays Bank, CIBC, Chemical Bank, Citibank, Commerzbank, Credit Lyonnais, Credit Suisse, Kansallis-Osake-Pankki, Lloyds Bank, National Bank of Canada, and Royal Bank of Canada)
1995-1999 Canary Wharf Limited (Parent: International Property Corporation Limited) (Ultimate parent: a consortium owned by CNA Financial Corporation, Franklin Mutual Series Fund, HRH Prince Al Waleed bin Talal bin Abdulaziz al Saud, affiliates of Republic New York Corporation, Paul Reichmann)
1999-2004 Canary Wharf Group plc (public company, no majority shareholder)
2004- Canary Wharf Group plc (public company, majority shareholder is Songbird Estates plc)

External relations

Title dates

Titles such as the 'tallest building in the UK' has many methods to determine this. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) determines this by: when a building is complete, clad and at least partially open for business[51]. Another method is using the construction date of when a building surpassed the height of another building or structure. A third method is to use the top out date.

Tallest skyscraper in the European Union

There are two views that separate if One Canada Square was ever the tallest skyscraper in the European Union (not to be confused with the tallest skyscraper in Europe).

If it is based on completion date, then One Canada Square was never the European Union's tallest skyscraper as MesseTurm was completed in 1990[52], and One Canada Square was completed in 1991.

If based on construction structural height or topping out date, then One Canada Square was the European Union's tallest building[6][19] for a period of about six months before losing this title to MesseTurm, Frankfurt, Germany.

Tallest skyscraper in the UK

There are several views of when One Canada Square surpassed the previous tallest building in the United Kingdom, which was Tower 42 (formerly known as NatWest Tower) (183 m, 600 ft).

If based on completion date, then it is August 1991.

If based on top out date, then One Canada Square became the tallest building in Britain on 8 November 1990.

If based on construction structural height, then it is Summer 1990.

Tallest skyscraper in Canary Wharf

One Canada Square may be overtaken as the tallest building in Canary Wharf by Riverside Tower 1. The exact height of the final development has not been released by Canary Wharf Group with consideration the site is in preparation and not development. Planning permission has been granted to build to a maximum height of 241.1 metres[53] though development height may not reach this. Speculation on the height are as follows:

  • Architects Richard Rogers Partnership released a publication in 2007 stating the height will be 218 metres high[54], which is a few metres lower than One Canada Square.
  • The Wikipedia article on Riverside Tower 1 has stated the proposed height of 236 metres (774 ft), just one metre (three feet) taller than One Canada Square.

Terrorism

On 15 November 1992, the Provisional Irish Republican Army attempted to place a large improvised explosive device[30] near to the tower. The IRA had already worked out that to cause maximum damage, the bomb had to be placed under the Docklands Light Railway bridge to disrupt infrastructure and near to the Canary Wharf Tower for a devastating effect. The bomb was in a van which was driven to the designated place. As the bombers were about to make their escape, security guards approached the van because it was parked illegally on double yellow lines. Two men got out of the vehicle and pointed guns at the security guards. The security guards tried to calm the situation thus challenged the two men[30], but the men decided to flee the scene having accomplished their mission. Canary Wharf Security pursued them as far as the boundary of the wharf, but the men escaped. The police was called and it was later discovered that the vehicle contained a bomb. The detonator failed to ignite the main charge[55], and the bomb did not go off, so there was no bomb damage to Canary Wharf. A few days later, the IRA described it as 'sheer ill luck' as the bomb failed to detonate. There was criticism that the intelligence services did not know about this massive bomb travelling through London. As a result of this attempted bombing, the observation floor was closed (see Public access section) and security was dramatically increased at Canary Wharf.

On 9 February 1996, the IRA did detonate a large bomb at South Quay, south of Canary Wharf (outside of Canary Wharf), which killed two people and devastated several buildings. This explosion is commonly, but erroneously, referred to as the "Canary Wharf bomb"[56][57].

There have been many news articles in recent years stating that the towers at Canary Wharf have been a target for terrorist[58][59][60]. However, some of these plots have been denied by the government.[61]

On 4 April 2008, a terror cell appeared at Woolwich Crown Court accused of targeting Canary Wharf. The men deny the charges[62][63].

Community relations

Television interference

As the Canary Wharf Tower is the first skyscraper to be cladded in stainless steel with metallised windows, this may have caused television reception interference for local people living in the area. In the case Patricia Hunter and others v. Canary Wharf Ltd.[1997][25][64], the House of Lords concluded there is no legal right to receive good television reception[65]. Patricia Hunter and others lost the case because of a variety of reasons that included:

  • the B.B.C. built a new relay station so there was no long term television interference
  • it was interference with a purely recreational facility, as opposed to interference with the health or physical comfort or well-being of the plaintiffs
  • nothing was emitted from the defendants' land

In Spring 2001, the BBC received some television interference complaints from residents in the Poplar area[66] (north of Canary Wharf). A possible cause for the interference are the other Canary Wharf towers being built[66]. Their advice was to get digital television, satellite or cable.[66]

Cinema

In the movie Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Harry and some members of the Order of the Phoenix pass next to One Canada Square as they head to Grimmauld Place near the beginning of the movie on their broomsticks.

In the movie The Bourne Supremacy[67], One Canada Square appeared as the CIA's London listening station.

In the movie Johnny English[67], One Canada Square had another identical building next to it. One of the One Canada Square buildings was a hospital and the other was villain Pascal Sauvage's HQ.

The tower and the Docklands area around it are one of the main settings for the post-apocalyptic horror-thriller 28 Weeks Later[67].

In the movie The World Is Not Enough, James Bond sails past One Canada Square[67].

Other movies featuring the Canary Wharf Tower can be read from a publication called Canary Wharf And Isle Of Dogs Movie Map[67].

Television
The model in Miniland, Legoland Windsor, UK, showing a small model of a Dalek

In the British television series Doctor Who (as revealed in the episode Army of Ghosts), One Canada Square is the headquarters of the Torchwood Institute. In the series, its true name is "Torchwood Tower" and it was originally built to investigate a hole in reality 600 feet above London created by a Dalek Void Ship. It is the setting for the most of the two-part finale of season 2. This appearance has become so popular among the British public that in the Miniland model of One Canada Square in Legoland Windsor, a miniature Dalek Sec can be seen inside the building.

In the series The Tomorrow People, One Canada Square is the headquarters of Sam Rees, an immortal pharaoh. The pyramid at the building's top is used in the storyline as an ultraprecise pyramid used to harness Pyramid power to enable him to remain immortal.

One Canada Square has appeared in the TV show The Apprentice (UK)[67].

During the 1990s, One Canada Square was home to the television station L!VE TV[67].

Other

A near future sequence in the novel Freezeframes by Katharine Kerr, shows One Canada Square as a free college and youth drop-in centre. It is nicknamed "Major's Last Erection", referring to John Major.

One Canada Square previously appeared in the Virgin Missing Adventures novel Millennial Rites in which the top floor was the headquarters of a yuppie who inadvertently turned London into a "dark fantasy" kingdom in which he was a powerful sorcerer, with the tower as his citadel; and the Past Doctor Adventures novel The Time Travellers, in which it was the headquarters of the British Army in an alternate timeline.

One Canada Square also features prominently in an early issue of the Grant Morrison comic series The Invisibles, in which Dane MacGowan is encouraged to jump from the top by his mentor, Tom O'Bedlam, as an initiation rite that will allow him to see beyond reality and join The Invisibles.

Stunts

In 2002, French urban climber, Alain Robert, using only his hands and feet and with no safety devices of any kind, scaled the building's exterior wall to the 35th floor[68], when he gave up and had to be rescued with the window cleaning cradle. However, in 1995, he managed to scale all the way to the top[68].

Surrounding area: Canada Square

The square to the east of the tower was named after Canada[19] because it was built by the Canadian firm Olympia and York, which was owned by the Reichmann family. The company went bankrupt in the face of a property crash which caused the upper half of the tower to stand empty for some time following its completion.

There are two towers alongside, which are not quite as tall (at 200 m, 660 ft, each; the pyramid provides the height advantage): HSBC Tower (8-16 Canada Square) and Citigroup Centre (25 Canada Square).

  • One Canada Square (centre) with HSBC Tower to the left and Citigroup Centre to the right
    One Canada Square (centre) with HSBC Tower to the left and Citigroup Centre to the right
  • Street view
    Street view
  • Side view
    Side view
  • One Canada Square, London
    One Canada Square, London
  • Tower and clock
    Tower and clock
  • Tower
    Tower
  • Tower top with surrounding buildings
    Tower top with surrounding buildings
  • Tower (left), HSBC (centre), Citigroup Centre (right)
    Tower (left), HSBC (centre), Citigroup Centre (right)
  • Tower side view
    Tower side view
  • One Canada Square with its neighbouring buildings at Canary Wharf
    One Canada Square with its neighbouring buildings at Canary Wharf

References

  1. ^ a b Canary Wharf Contractors Limited, http://www.cwcontractors.com/projectsOneCanada.asp Some of our projects > One Canada Square > One Canada Square, Canary Wharf Contractors website, Canary Wharf Contractors Limited. Accessed 25 May 2008 15:30 BST.
  2. ^ a b Canary Wharf Group plc, http://www.canarywharf.com/mainFrm1.asp?strSelectedArea=History History, official Canary Wharf website, Canary Wharf Group plc. Accessed 25 May 2008 14:38 BST.
  3. ^ The Open University http://www.open2.net/modernity/3_17.htm A-Z Index > From Here to Modernity > Buildings > Canary Wharf > Canary Wharf, Open2 website, The Open University. Accessed 25 May 2008 15:39 BST. WARNING: THIS ARTICLE CONTAINS ERRORS.
  4. ^ a b c d Canary Wharf Group plc, http://www.canarywharf.com/estate/estate/ds7/info.htm The Estate > Buildings > One Canada Square > More information > One Canada Square Facts, official Canary Wharf website, Canary Wharf Group plc. Accessed 25 May 2008 14:45 BST.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Canary Wharf Group plc, http://www.canarywharf.com/factfile/1can_pagr2.asp Fact File > One Canada Square > One Canada Square, official Canary Wharf website, Canary Wharf Group plc. Accessed 25 May 2008 14:55 BST.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Skyscrapernews.com", http://www.skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=48 "One Canada Square", "Skyscrapernews.com", 15 May 2008. Accessed 25 May 2008 16:31 BST. WARNING: THIS ARTICLE CONTAINS ERRORS.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Canary Wharf Group plc, http://www.canarywharf.com/estate/estate/ds7/ds7_r.htm The Estate > Buildings > One Canada Square > Building profile > Building profile, official Canary Wharf website, Canary Wharf Group plc. Accessed 25 May 2008 14:52 BST.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Unknown author, http://www.building.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=32&storycode=3048265 "Faster, higher, stronger", Building website, Canary Wharf supplement 2005, 2005. Accessed 25 May 2008 14:26 BST.
  9. ^ Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects (formerly Cesar Pelli & Associates) http://www.cesar-pelli.com/ Projects > Office Buildings > One Canada Square > One Canada Square, Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects website, Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects. Accessed 25 May 2008 17:00 BST.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Hermione Hobhouse http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=46550 "Modern Docklands: Gazetteer of modern non-housing developments", "Survey of London: volumes 43 and 44: Poplar, Blackwall and Isle of Dogs", 1994. Accessed April 28, 2008
  11. ^ Answers Corporation http://www.answers.com/topic/adamson-associates-2?cat=entertainment "Art Encyclopedia: Adamson Associates", "Answers.com" website, Answers Corporation. Accessed 25 May 2008 19:52 BST.
  12. ^ Gibberd http://www.gibberd.com/ Projects > Office > Canary Wharf > Canary Wharf, Gibberd website, Gibberd. Accessed 25 May 2008 19:46 BST. (Frederick Gibberd Coombes & Partners are now known as Frederick Gibberd Partnership)
  13. ^ Waterman Group http://www.watermangroup.co.uk/wg/download/book/Chapter4a.pdf "Ingenuity and Engineering - The Waterman Story - The first 50 years", Chapter 4, page 45 of document or page 11 of PDF file, Waterman Group website, Waterman Group, no publication date stated. Accessed 25 May 2008 20:04 BST.
  14. ^ John Grigsby http://www.lddc-history.org.uk/property/index.html "LDDC Monograph" "Attracting Investment - Creating Value Establishing a Property Market in London Docklands", LDDC History Pages, IJP Community Regeneration, 12th June 2007. Accessed 24 May 2008.
  15. ^ Songbird Estates plc http://www.songbirdestates.com/Corporate-Profile/index.asp Company Overview / AIM Rule 26 > 'Company Overview and Alternative Investment Market ("AIM") Rule 26', Songbird Estates website, Songbird Estates plc, 25 May 2008. Accessed 25 May 2008 20:08 BST.
  16. ^ Tallest Skyscrapers http://www.tallestskyscrapers.info/london-skyscrapers.php London Skyscrapers, see "One Canada Square" paragraph, Tallest Skyscrapers website, Tallest Skyscrapers. Accessed 25 May 2008 17:33 BST.
  17. ^ a b http://www.kimdesign.co.za/flash/InteractiveMap/2DMap/2Dmap.html Map of designations (Unable to find official source of the designations. This map is not from an official site)
  18. ^ a b c R.S. Davie, http://www.istructe.org/thestructuralengineer/HC/Abstract.asp?PID=5419 "Canary Wharf: Construction Working Practices", The Structural Engineer Archive website, The Institution of Structural Engineers, unknown publication date. Accessed 25 May 2008 20:12 BST.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g Canary Wharf Group plc, http://www.visiteastlondon.com/downloads/Leaflets/history.pdf "Arts & Events", "Canary Wharf", "A different perspective", "Self-guided walking tours at Canary Wharf", "Transitions", 'Canary Wharf Group plc', May 2003. Accessed April 27, 2008
  20. ^ Paul Goldberger, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE1D7133BF934A25752C0A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all "Review/Television; Prince Pronounces on State of Architecture", New York Times, The New York Times Company, 17 January 1990. Accessed 25 May 2008 15:44 BST. Warning: The New York Times have many articles on Canary Wharf and One Canada Square, most of which do contain factual errors.
  21. ^ Mark Leftly, http://www.building.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=1029202 "Reach for the sky", 'Canary Wharf Supplement June 2003', Building website, CMP Information Ltd, June 2003. Accessed 25 May 2008.
  22. ^ Peter Fink, Anne Bean, http://www.art2architecture.co.uk/alighted/canary1.htm "alighted city" > "New Year Installation, Canary Wharf, London" > "Light Year: New Year Installation, Canary Wharf, London", Art2Architecture website, Art2Architecture London Ltd. Accessed 25 May 2008 20:40 BST.
  23. ^ a b Royal Mail Group Ltd, http://postcode.royalmail.com/portal/rm/addressfinder Find a postcode > Find an address > Find an address, "Royal Mail address finder", Royal Mail website, Royal Mail Group Ltd. Accessed 26 May 2008 06:30 BST.
  24. ^ Citywise http://www.1canadasquare.co.uk/home.htm "1 Canada Square", Citywise, 2006. Accessed 25 May 2008 21:00 BST. WARNING: THIS IS AN UNOFFICIAL SITE ABOUT ONE CANADA SQUARE
  25. ^ a b United Kingdom Parliament http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199697/ldjudgmt/jd970424/hunter01.htm Business > Lords Publications > Judgment Index > Judgment, "Judgments - Hunter and Others v. Canary Wharf Ltd. - Hunter and Others v. London Docklands Corporation", United Kingdom Parliament website, United Kingdom Parliament, 24 April 1997. Accessed 25 May 2008 20:51 BST.
  26. ^ Tallest Skyscrapers http://www.tallestskyscrapers.info/london-one-canada-square.php London Skyscrapers > One Canada Square > One Canada Square, Tallest Skyscrapers website, Tallest Skyscrapers. Accessed 25 May 2008 17:08 BST.
  27. ^ a b Gordon M E Cooke, http://www.civil.canterbury.ac.nz/sif/paper11.pdf "Resistance of tall buildings to large aircraft impact and fire", page 16 on PDF file, or page 144 on the document, "School of Engineering, City University, London", March 2002. Accessed 25 May 2008 21:06 BST. Note: This publication is published on another university's website.
  28. ^ London Borough of Tower Hamlets, http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/data/discover/downloads/secrets-canary-wharf.pdf "Secrets of Canary Wharf and surrounding London Docklands", page 4 of PDF document, London Borough of Tower Hamlets, unknown publication date. Accessed 24 May 2008.
  29. ^ Severin Carrell, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/canary-wharf-more-smoke-and-mirrors-405396.html, "Canary Wharf: more smoke and mirrors?", 'The Independent' June 25, 2006. Accessed April 26, 2008.
  30. ^ a b c d United Kingdom Parliament http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199596/cmhansrd/vo960304/text/60304w13.htm Publications and Records > Commons Publications > Commons Hansard > Bound Volume Hansard - Written Answers, "House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 4 Mar 1996 (pt 13)", Column 62, see table entry for 15 November 1992, United Kingdom Parliament website, United Kingdom Parliament, 4 March 1996. Accessed 25 May 2008 20:26 BST.
  31. ^ Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/sweetstuff/2238080154/ "Canary Wharf One Canada Square, Radden Tower", Flickr website, Yahoo! UK Limited. Accessed 25 May 2008 15:57 BST.
  32. ^ Cosima Marriner, http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2005/dec/19/telegraphmediagroup.pressandpublishing "Daily Telegraph expected to move from Canary Wharf", The Guardian, 19 December 2005. Accessed 24 May 2008.
  33. ^ Unknown author, http://www.baholidays.com/brochure/product_show.jsp?smap=1&ID=2709&PRODUCTID=1017&CODE=2709MWILON&smapPath=/hotels/London "Hotel Information - MARRIOTT WEST INDIA QUAY", British Airways Holidays, British Airways Plc, 24 May 2008. Accessed 24 May 2008.
  34. ^ Kilnbridge Construction Services Limited, http://www.kilnbridge.co.uk/_pdf/Fire_Protection.pdf "Passive Fire Protection" Page 6 See second section titled 'Canary Wharf Contractors Limited' then under heading for Location, Kilnbridge Construction Services Limited, no publication date stated. Accessed 25 May 2008 17:25 BST.
  35. ^ Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, http://www.ctbuh.org/Portals/0/Tallest/CTBUH_TallestUK.pdf "Tallest Buildings in the United Kingdom", Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, May 2008. Accessed 25 May 2008 14:14 BST.
  36. ^ Art2Architecture & DPA Lighting, http://www.art2architecture.co.uk/alighted/canary2.htm "alighted city" > "Millenium Lighting Installation, Canary Wharf, London" > "Millenium Lighting Installation, Canary Wharf, London", Art2Architecture website, Art2Architecture London Ltd. Accessed 25 May 2008 20:36 BST.
  37. ^ a b c d e f Colt Group http://www.coltinfo.co.uk/products-and-systems/architectural-solutions/louvre-systems/projects/canary-wharf/ Products and Systems > Architectural Solutions > Louvre Systems > Projects > Canary Wharf > "Canary Wharf, London" / "Bespoke Screening Louvre - Stainless Steel Louvre Pyramid", Colt Group website, Colt International Licensing Ltd. Accessed 25 May 2008 16:08 BST.
  38. ^ Jill Treanor, http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2001/oct/31/afghanistan.terrorism "50-floor Canary Wharf tower evacuated", The Guardian, Guardian News and Media Limited, 31 October 2001. Accessed 25 May 2008 14:19 BST.
  39. ^ Canary Wharf Group plc, http://www.canarywharf.com/estate/districts/html/cas/index.htm The Estate > Districts > Canada Square > Canada Square District, official Canary Wharf website, Canary Wharf Group plc. Accessed 25 May 2008 15:17 BST.
  40. ^ a b c d Unknown author of BBC Inside Out team, http://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/content/articles/2007/10/09/london_citylights_s12_w4_feature.shtml "City Lights", BBC website, British Broadcasting Corporation, 31 October 2007. Accessed 24 May 2008.
  41. ^ Wikipedia contributors, "Thirteenth floor" sub-section 'Conspiracy theory', Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_floor#Conspiracy_theory (accessed 25 May 2008 15:49 BST)
  42. ^ "Skyscrapernews.com", [1] "One Canada Square", "Skyscrapernews.com", 23 April 2008. Accessed 23 April 2008 13:42 BST. Warning: This article contains errors. Note: This article was modified sometime between 23 April 2008 to 26 May 2008 (most probably on 15 May 2008 as stated on the webpage itself), where it no longer states that the 13th floor contains a maintenance floor. There is currently no reference on the Internet Archive (Way Back Machine) to show the previous edit that stated there was a maintenance floor. However, part of the old edit that states "no rentable space on the 13th floor which instead is taken up by plant equipment" can be found on Yahoo! Answers http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080429094401AAM2s8N under Home > Travel > United Kingdom > London > Resolved Question "Is there a 13 floor at canary wharf?", Yahoo website, Yahoo! Inc. Accessed 26 May 2008 12:48 BST.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Canary Wharf Group plc http://www.mycanarywharf.com/stores/Canary_Wharf_perimeter_map.pdf "Canary Wharf Estate Map" (November 2007), Canary Wharf Group plc, November 2007. Accessed 30 May 2008 22:00 BST.
  44. ^ Wikipedia contributors, "Cass Business School", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cass_Business_School (accessed 30 May 2008 23:46 BST)
  45. ^ a b Canary Wharf Group plc, http://www.canarywharfenvironmentalandsocialreport.com/pdfs/CWG%20EnvSoc20002001.pdf Annual Reports > CWG Environmental and Social Report 2000/01, "Environmental and Social Report 2000 – 2001", page 4 of PDF file, Green Canary Wharf website, Canary Wharf Group plc, 2001. Accessed 7 June 2008 08:54 BST.
  46. ^ a b c d Canary Wharf Group plc, http://www.canarywharfenvironmentalandsocialreport.com/pdfs/CWG%20EnvSoc20012002.pdf Annual Reports > CWG Environmental and Social Report 2001/02, "Environmental and Social Report 2001-2002", page 28 of PDF file, Green Canary Wharf website, Canary Wharf Group plc, 2002. Accessed 7 June 2008 08:00 BST.
  47. ^ Canary Wharf Group plc, http://www.canarywharf.com/history/historymainPag2.htm This webpage cannot be accessed from the homepage, official Canary Wharf website, Canary Wharf Group plc. Accessed 30 May 2008 23:20 BST.
  48. ^ "Olympics Hq Stays At Wharf". 2005-10-17. Retrieved 2008-05-30.
  49. ^ London 2012 Limited http://www.london2012.com/documents/bid-publications/make-britain-proud-magazine.pdf "Make Britain Proud", London 2012 Limited, 19 November 2004. Accessed 30 May 2008 22:00 BST.
  50. ^ Dominic White, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?xml=/money/2005/12/22/cntel22.xml "Telegraph moves to Victoria", Telegraph Media Group Limited, 22 December 2005. Accessed 24 May 2008.
  51. ^ "Skyscrapernews.com", http://www.skyscrapernews.com/news.php?ref=1018 "Burj Dubai Height Overtakes Taipei 101", "Skyscrapernews.com" website, "Skyscrapernews.com", 20 July 2007. Accessed 25 May 2008 17:16 BST.
  52. ^ Wikipedia contributors, "List of tallest buildings in the European Union", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_European_Union (accessed 25 May 2008 14:02 BST)
  53. ^ "Tower Hamlets Council: updated planning application". 2007-03-30.
  54. ^ Rogers Stirk Harbour & Partners http://www.richardrogers.co.uk/Asp/uploadedFiles/Image/3410_Canary%20Riverside/RSHP_A_JS_3410_L_E_GB.pdf "Canary Wharf, Riverside South", page 2, Rogers Stirk Harbour & Partners website, Rogers Stirk Harbour & Partners, 2007. Accessed 25 May 2008 23:00 BST.
  55. ^ Unknown author, http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?in_article_id=47241&in_page_id=34 "The carnage caused by fertiliser bombs", Metro website, Associated Newspapers Limited, 30 April 2007. Accessed 25 May 2008.
  56. ^ Carolina Herling, Caroline Liljedahl, http://www.infra.kth.se/BYFA/publikationer/examensarbeten/2005/284.pdf "Canary Wharf - An Establishment of a Major Business District", Page 16 of PDF document, page 15 of document, 'Department of Infrastructure', 'Building and Real Estate Economics', 'Royal Institute of Technology', February 2005. Accessed April 26, 2008.
  57. ^ British Broadcasting Corporation, http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/10/newsid_2539000/2539265.stm "1996: Docklands bomb ends IRA ceasefire", "On This Day", "10 February", BBC website, British Broadcasting Corporation. Accessed 25 May 2008 15:23 BST.
  58. ^ Unknown author, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=328011&in_page_id=1770&ct=5 "Al Qaeda attack on Canary Wharf foiled", Mail Online, Associated Newspapers Ltd, 23 November 2004. Accessed 24 May 2008.
  59. ^ Severin Carrell, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_20060625/ai_n16504673 "Canary Wharf: more smoke and mirrors?", The Independent on Sunday, 25 June 2006. Accessed 25 May 2008 20:45 BST.
  60. ^ James Sturcke and agencies, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/sep/07/alqaida.september11 "US says 9/11 suspect planned Heathrow attack", The Guardian, 7 September 2006. Accessed 24 May 2008.
  61. ^ Richard Norton-Taylor, http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2004/nov/23/terrorism.alqaida "Security services play down 'terror plot'", The Guardian, 23 November 2004. Accessed 24 May 2008.
  62. ^ Sean O'Neill and David Byers http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/crime/article3671825.ece "Airline terror trial: 'Heathrow, Canary Wharf and nuclear plants in bomb plot'", The Times, 5 April 2008. Accessed 24 May 2008.
  63. ^ Unknown author, http://itn.co.uk/news/5c663579a17df46b4a80e03c381324eb.html "Plane gang 'targeted Canary Wharf'", ITN website, Independent Television News Limited, 4 April 2008. Accessed 24 May 2008.
  64. ^ Tai King Lee, http://www.ipsofactoj.com/international/2000/Part2/int2000(2)-009.htm "House of Lords" "Hunter - vs - Canary Wharf Ltd", "IpsofactoJ.com", "Taiking.Thing Sdn Bhd", 24 April 1997. Accessed 25 May 2008 16:20 BST.
  65. ^ Ofcom http://www1.bsc.org.uk/advice-old/ifv/tetra/ "Interference & TETRA Advice for householders", Ofcom (Office of Communications) (the communications regulator), no publication date. Accessed 31 May 2008 11:11 BST.
  66. ^ a b c PD Parsons, http://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/whp/whp-pdf-files/WHP010.pdf "Interference to analogue TV reception due to building developments at Canary Wharf", Research & Development British Broadcasting Corporation, British Broadcasting Corporation, December 2001. Accessed 31 May 2008 19:41 BST.
  67. ^ a b c d e f g London Borough of Tower Hamlets http://static.visitlondon.com/assets/maps/movie_maps/canary_wharf_movie_map.pdf "Canary Wharf And Isle Of Dogs Movie Map", 'London Borough of Tower Hamlets - Investment & Business', unknown publication date. Accessed 4 May 2008.
  68. ^ a b Unknown author, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2339377.stm "Canary beats the 'Spiderman'", BBC News, British Broadcasting Corporation, 18 October 2002. Accessed 24 May 2008. [BBC News on climber (Reference required twice in the same paragraph as there is conflicting information with other sources)]


See also

Canary Wharf
List of buildings/structures
Other developments
Wikimedia Commons has media related to One Canada Square.

Template:Geolinks-buildingscale

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=One_Canada_Square&oldid=219254236"