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Liberty Korea Party

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Liberty Korea Party
새누리당
Saenuridang
SpokespersonKim Young Woo
Kwon Eun Hee
Park Dae Chul
Interim leaderWon Yoo-chul
President of South KoreaPark Geun-hye
Floor leaderWon Yoo-chul
FoundedNovember 21, 1997 (Grand National Party)
February 2, 2012 (Saenuri Party)
Merger ofNew Korea
United Democratic (1996)
Headquarters18, Gukhoe-daero 70-gil
Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul
149-871
Membership (2014)2,708,085[1]
IdeologyConservatism (South Korean)[2][3][4]
Political positionCentre-right[5][6][7][8][9] to Right-wing[10][11]
Regional affiliationAsia Pacific Democrat Union
International affiliationInternational Democrat Union
ColoursRed
SloganA new frontier, a new country
(국민이 하나되는 새로운 세상)
Seats in the National Assembly
122 / 300
Municipal mayor and Gubernatorial
8 / 17
Seats within local government
1,944 / 3,913
Website
www.saenuriparty.kr
Liberty Korea Party
Hangul
Hanja
새누리黨
Revised RomanizationSaenuridang
McCune–ReischauerSaenuridang
Grand National Party
Hangul
Hanja
한나라黨
Revised RomanizationHannaradang
McCune–ReischauerHannaradang

The Saenuri Party (Template:Lang-ko, Saenuri-dang; literal meaning: New Frontier Party[12][13]) is a centre-right,[5][6][7][8] conservative political party in South Korea. Until February 2012, it was known as the Grand National Party (한나라당 Hannara-dang). The party held a majority of seats in the 19th Assembly, lasting from 2012 to 2016.

History

The party was founded in 1997 as a merger of United Democratic Party and New Korea Party. Its earliest ancestor was the Democratic Republican Party[14] under the authoritarian rule of Park Chung-hee in 1963. Upon Park's death and at the beginning of the rule of Chun Doo-hwan in 1980, it was reconstituted and renamed as the Democratic Justice Party. In 1988, party member Roh Tae-woo introduced a wide range of political reforms including direct Presidential elections and a new constitution. The party was renamed in 1993, during the presidency of Kim Young-sam,[15] with the merger of other parties to form the Democratic Liberal Party (Minju Jayudang). It was renamed as the New Korea Party (Sinhangukdang) in 1995, and it then became the Grand National Party in November 1997 following its merger with the smaller United Democratic Party (1996) and various conservative parties.[16]

Three months later, with the election of Kim Dae-jung of the Centrist Reformists Democratic Party as president, the party's governing role came to an end, beginning its first ever period in opposition, which would last ten years. In October 2012, the Advancement Unification Party merged with the Saenuri Party.[17]

Following the 2000 parliamentary elections, it was the single largest political party, with 54% of the vote and 147 seats out of 271.

The party was defeated in the parliamentary election in 2004 following the impeachment of President Roh Moo-hyun, gaining only 121 seats out of 299. The defeat reflected public disapproval of the impeachment which was instigated by the party. This was the first time in its history that the party had not won the most seats. It gained back five seats in by-elections, bringing it to 127 seats as of October 28, 2005.[18]

Current status

On December 19, 2007, the GNP's candidate, former Seoul mayor Lee Myung-bak won the presidential election,[19] ending the party's ten years period in opposition.

In the April 2008 general election, the GNP secured a majority of 153 seats out of 299 and gained power in the administration and the parliament as well as most local governments, despite the low turnout of votes.[20]

One of the main bases of popular support of the party originates from the conservative, traditionalist elite and the rural population, except for farmers. It is strongest in the Gyeongsang region. Former party head and 2007 presidential candidate Park Geun-hye is the daughter of former President Park Chung-hee who ruled from 1961 to 1979. Although Representative Won Hee-ryeong and Hong Jun-pyo ran for the party primary as reformist candidates, former Seoul mayor and official presidential candidate Lee Myung-bak gained more support (about 40%) from the Korean public.

The GNP suffered a setback in the 2010 local elections, losing a total of 775 local seats throughout the counties,[21] but remained as the most seats in the region.

2011

GNP-affiliated politician, Oh Se-hoon, lost his mayoral position of Seoul after the Seoul Free Lunch Referendum.

The Grand National Party has celebrated its 14th anniversary on November 21, 2011 amid uncertainties from intra-party crises.[22]

The DDoS attacks during the October 2011 by-election have become a central concern of the GNP as it could potentially disintegrate the party leadership.[23]

Emergency Response Commission

The Hong Jun-pyo leadership system collapsed on December 9, 2011 and GNP Emergency Response Commission was launched on December 17, 2011, with Park Geun-hye as commission chairperson, to prepare coming up Legislative Election 2012 on April 11, 2012 and Presidential Election 2012 on December 19, 2012.[24]

There was a debate with Commission members about whether to transform the Grand National Party into a non-conservative political party or not, but Park said the GNP would never become non-conservative and will follow the real value of conservatism.[25][26]

Political colour

In February 2012, the party changed its political official colour from blue to red. In the past 30 years blue was the symbol of the conservative parties.[27]

Policy

The GNP supports free trade and neoliberal economic policies. The GNP favors maintaining strong ties with the United States while distancing South Korea from North Korea. The party is also conservative on social issues such as opposed any legal recognition of same-sex couples.

Four Major Rivers Project

One of the GNP's important policies is to financially secure The Four Major Rivers Project since President Lee Myung-bak was in office. This project's budget disputes have sparked controversial political motions in the National Assembly for three consecutive years.[28]

Sejong City Project

The GNP has been less inclined toward the creation of a new capital city for South Korea, to be called Sejong City than the previous administration. As of 2012, the Saenuri Party has indicated that some governmental offices will be relocated to the new city, but not all.

Human rights activism

Saenuri Party has been very active in promoting the North Korean Human Rights Law, which would officially condemn the use of torture, public executions and other human rights violations in North Korea.[29] Saenuri representative Ha Tae Kyung is the founder of Open Radio for North Korea, an NGO dedicated to spreading news and information about democracy, which citizens of North Korea have little access to due to the government's isolationist policies.[30] In April 2012, Saenuri member Cho Myung-Chul became the first North Korean defector elected to the National Assembly.[31] In spring 2012, several Saenuri representatives took part in the "Save my friend" protests, organized to oppose China's policy of repatriating North Korean defectors, and expressed their solidarity with Park Sun-young's hunger strike.[32]

Criticism

Generating favorable online comments

  • The GNP has records of secretly hiring and paying university students to generate online replies favorable to the GNP.[33]
  • GNP member Jin Seong-ho (진성호) formally apologized on July 2, 2009 for making a remark that "the GNP occupied Naver".[34] Naver is one of the biggest South Korean internet portals.

December 8, 2010 controversial bill-passing

  • The GNP passed a bill relating to the year 2011 national budget without the opposition parties' input on December 8, 2010.[35] It had caused legislative violence before. This process of passing the budget bill sparked controversy of potential illegality. Due to this incident, many South Korean political, academic and citizen groups expressed their outrage against current mainstream politics.[36] The reason for forceful passing of the bill is mainly due to the budget disputes in the controversial Four Major Rivers Project.[37]
  • Many Buddhists in South Korea criticized the budget bill on December 8, 2010 for neglecting the national Temple Stay program.[38] This has led the Jogye Order, the largest Buddhist order in South Korea, to sever ties with the GNP[39] and becoming financially independent without any funding from the government.[40]
  • The interns and the staff working in the National Assembly officially complained on December 17 that their salary was missing after the passing of this bill.[41]

Inefficient public relations

  • The GNP was criticized for having an inefficient public relations that resulted fewer people voting for them during the 2010 local elections.[42]

Infiltration of opposition party

A Blue House official of the pro-GNP Lee Myung-bak government illegally infiltrated a party meeting of the opposition Democratic Party, on October 18, 2011.[43]

List of leaders

Chairpersons

  1. Cho Soon (November 21, 1997 – November 28, 1998)
    • Lee Han-dong (November 29, 1998 – August 30, 1998) (acting)
  2. Lee Hoi-chang (August 31, 1998 – May 12, 2002)
  3. Seo Cheong-won (May 14, 2002 – May 25, 2003)
  4. Choi Byeong-yul (May 26, 2003 – March 22, 2004)
  5. Park Geun-hye (March 23, 2004 – July 10, 2006)
  6. Kang Jae-sup (July 11, 2006 – July 3, 2008)
  7. Park Hee-tae (July 4, 2008 – September 7, 2009)
  8. Chung Mong-joon (September 7, 2009 – July 14, 2010)
  9. Ahn Sang-soo (July 14, 2010 – May 8, 2011)
  10. Hong Jun-pyo (July 4, 2011 – December 16, 2011)
    • Park Geun-hye (December 17, 2011 – May 15, 2012) (Emergency Response Commission)
  11. Hwang Woo-yea[44] (May 15, 2012 - May 15, 2014)
    • Lee Wan-gu (May 15, 2014 - July 14, 2014) (acting)
  12. Kim Moo-sung (July 14, 2014 – April 14, 2016)
    • Won Yoo-chul (April 14, 2016 – present) (Emergency Committee)

Assembly leaders (Floor leaders)

  1. Mok Yo-sang (November 21, 1997 – December 16, 1997)
  2. Lee Sang-deuk (December 16, 1997 – April 5, 1998)
  3. Ha Soon-bong (April 5, 1998 – August 27, 1998)
  4. Park Hee-tae (August 27, 1998 – January 14, )
  5. Lee Boo-young (January 14, 1999 – June 1, 2000)
  6. Jung Chang-hwa (June 1, 2000 – May 13, 2001)
  7. Lee Jae-oh (May 13, 2001 – May 16, 2002)
  8. Lee Kyu-taek (May 16, 2002 – June 29, 2003)
  9. Hong Sa-duk (June 29, 2003 – May 18, 2004)
  10. Kim Duk-ryong (May 18, 2004 – March 4, 2005)
  11. Kang Jae-sup (March 4, 2005 – January 11, 2006)
  12. Lee Jae-oh (January 11, 2006 – July 12, 2006)
  13. Kim Hyun-goh (July 12, 2006 – August 26, 2007)
  14. Ahn Sang-soo (August 26, 2007 – May 17, 2008)
  15. Hong Jun-pyo (May 17, 2008 – May 20, 2009)
  16. Ahn Sang-soo (May 20, 2009 – May 3, 2010)
  17. Kim Moo-sung (May 3, 2010 – May 5, 2011)
  18. Hwang Woo-yea (May 5, 2011 – May 8, 2012)
  19. Lee Hahn-koo (May 8, 2012 – May 14, 2013)
  20. Choi Kyoung-hwan (May 15, 2013 – May 7, 2014)
  21. Lee Wan-koo (May 7, 2014 – January 25, 2015)
    • vacant (January 25, 201 – February 1, 2015)
  22. Yoo Seung-min (February 1, 2015 – July 8, 2015)
    • vacant (July 8, 2015 – July 14, 2015)
  23. Won Yoo-chul (July 14, 2015 – May 3, 2016)
  24. Chung Jin-suk (May 3, 2016 – present)

Election results

Presidential elections

Election Candidate Total votes Share of votes Outcome Party Name
1997 Lee Hoi-chang 9,935,718 38.7% Lost Red XN Grand National Party
2002 Lee Hoi-chang 11,443,297 46.5% Lost Red XN Grand National Party
2007 Lee Myung-bak 11,492,389 48.7% Elected Green tickY Grand National Party
2012 Park Geun-hye 15,773,128 51.6% Elected Green tickY Saenuri Party

Legislative elections

Election Total seats won Total votes Share of votes Outcome of election Election leader Party Name
2000
133 / 273
 7,365,359 39.0% Increase13 seats; Minority Lee Hoi-chang Grand National Party
2004
121 / 299
 7,613,660 35.8% Decrease24 seats; Minority Park Geun-hye Grand National Party
2008
153 / 299
 6,421,727 37.4% Increase32 seats; Majority Kang Jae-seop Grand National Party
2012
153 / 300
 9,130,651 42.8% Decrease1 seats; Majority Park Geun-hye Saenuri Party
2016
122 / 300
 7,960,272 33.5% Decrease24 seats; Minority Kim Moo-sung Saenuri Party

Local elections

Election Metropolitan mayor/Governor Provincial legislature Municipal mayor Municipal legislature Party Name
1998
6 / 16
224 / 616
74 / 232
 Grand National Party
2002
11 / 16
467 / 682
136 / 227
 Grand National Party
2006
12 / 16
557 / 733
155 / 230
1,621 / 2,888
 Grand National Party
2010
6 / 16
288 / 761
82 / 228
1,247 / 2,888
 Grand National Party
2014
8 / 17
416 / 789
117 / 226
1,413 / 2,898
 Saenuri Party

See also

References

  1. ^ "제2장, 2014년도 정당의 정기보고 결과" [Chapter 2: Result of general report for the parties at 2014]. 2014년도 정당의 활동개황 및 회계보고 [The outlook for activity and financial report of the parties at 2014] (E-book) (in Korean). National Election Commission. October 6, 2015. p. 11.
  2. ^ Manyin, Mark E. (2010), U.S.-South Korea Relations, Congressional Research Service, p. 26
  3. ^ Shin, Gi-Wook (2010), One Alliance, Two Lenses: U.S.-Korea Relations in a New Era, Stanford University Press, p. 208
  4. ^ Peterson, Mark; Margulies, Phillip (2010), A brief history of Korea, Facts On File, p. 242
  5. ^ a b Manyin, Mark E. (2003), South Korean Politics and Rising "Anti-Americanism": Implications for U.S. Policy Toward North Korea (PDF), Congressional Research Service
  6. ^ a b The Economist, print edition, April 11, 2008, South Korea's election: A narrow victory for the business-friendly centre-right, Accessed Oct 19, 2013.
  7. ^ a b Cronin, Patrick M. (2009), Global Strategic Assessment 2009: America's Security Role in a Changing World, INSS
  8. ^ a b Global Security: Japan and Korea; Tenth Report of Session 2007-08, House of Commons of the United Kingdom, 2008
  9. ^ Klassen, Thomas R. (2013), Korea's Retirement Predicament: The Ageing Tiger, Routledge, p. 12
  10. ^ Oum, Young Rae (2008), Korean American diaspora subjectivity: Gender, ethnicity, dependency, and self-reflexivity, ProQuest, p. 144
  11. ^ Routledge Handbook of Criminology
  12. ^ Sang-Hun, Choe (February 9, 2012). "South Korea's Assembly Speaker, Park Hee-tae, Resigns Over Bribery Scandal". The New York Times.
  13. ^ "S. Korea's parliament speaker quits over bribe scandal". Asiaone.com. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  14. ^ [1] [dead link‍]
  15. ^ "Roh Tae Woo". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  16. ^ [2] [dead link‍]
  17. ^ "새누리-선진통일당, 합당 공식선언". News.donga.com. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  18. ^ "한나라당 5곳 '싹쓸이' …우리당 참패". Hani.co.kr. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  19. ^ [3] Archived 2012-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ MoneyToday. "ѳ 153 ". News.mt.co.kr. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  21. ^ "BBC News - Setback for South Korea's president in local elections". BBC News. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  22. ^ Kim (김), Beom-hyeon (범현) (November 21, 2011). 한나라 창당14년..탄핵후폭풍 후 최대위기. Yonhap News (in Korean). Retrieved November 25, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ Kim (김), Beom-hyeon (범현) (December 3, 2011). 與, '선관위 홈피공격' 악재에 대책 부심. Yonhap News (in Korean). Retrieved December 25, 2011.
  24. ^ Kim, Eun-jung (December 19, 2011). "Park Geun-hye takes helms of struggling ruling party". Yonhap News. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
  25. ^ Kim, Eun-jung (January 5, 2012). "Ruling party considers shifting away from core conservative values". Yonhap News. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
  26. ^ Chung, Min-uck (January 5, 2012). "Ruling party to shed 'conservatism'". Korea Times. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
  27. ^ Jun, Ji-hye (December 17, 2012). "Which colour will shine?". Korea Times. Retrieved December 17, 2012.
  28. ^ [4] Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ^ "Politics". Rki.kbs.co.kr. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  30. ^ "Ha Tae Kyung to Stand in Busan- Daily NK". Dailynk.com. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  31. ^ Paula Hancocks, CNN (April 11, 2012). "North Korean defector stands for South Korean election". CNN. Retrieved November 22, 2014. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  32. ^ [5] [dead link‍]
  33. ^ "̵ : ü 巯 ѳ ˹". Mediatoday.co.kr. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  34. ^ "진성호 의원 '네이버 평정 발언' 공개 사과". Pressian.com. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  35. ^ "한나라당 새해 예산안 단독처리…野 날치기 강력 항의 - 노컷뉴스". Cbs.co.kr. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  36. ^ [6] Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
  37. ^ MoneyToday. ""ȥ " ó". Mt.co.kr. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  38. ^ "ѱ̴!". News.hankooki.com. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  39. ^ "ο ̻ ȭ ʿ١". News.khan.co.kr. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  40. ^ [7] Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine
  41. ^ "'이럴려고 몸싸움했나'…국회 보좌진 인턴 수당도 날아가 - 노컷뉴스". Nocutnews.co.kr. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  42. ^ "말 실수에 글 실수…연이은 오버에 한나라당 난감". Cbs.co.kr. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  43. ^ Lee (이), Ji-eun (지은) (October 18, 2011). "내곡동 사저·한미FTA 등 첨예한 대치 와중에… 청와대 직원, 민주당회의 '문자 중계'". The Hankyeoreh (in Korean). Retrieved October 22, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  44. ^ Lee Eun-joo (May 16, 2012). "Saenuri elects new leaders: Hwang Woo-yea of Park faction becomes its chairman". JoongAng Ilbo. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
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