Jump to content

Sinai insurgency

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by George Ho (talk | contribs) at 17:45, 4 August 2014 ({{Post-Cold War African conflicts}}). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Sinai insurgency
Part of the Egyptian Crisis and Terrorism in Egypt

Map of the Sinai Peninsula
Date23 February 2011— present
(13 years, 8 months, 4 weeks and 1 day)
Location
Sinai Peninsula, Egypt
Status Ongoing
Belligerents

 Egypt

Multinational Force and Observers[1]

Border attack:

 Israel[2]

Islamist militants

Commanders and leaders
Egypt Sedki Sobhi
Egypt Mohammed el-Shahat
Egypt Osama Askar
Egypt Hussein Tantawi (2011-2012)
Egypt Sami Anan (2011-2012)
Egypt Abdel Fattah el-Sisi (2012-2014)
Egypt Ahmed Wasfi (2012-2014)		 Muhammad al-Zawahiri  (POW)[8]
Abd El-Fattah Salem  (POW)[5]
Shadi el-Manaei[9]
Strength
2 battalions[citation needed] 1,600[10]-12,000[11]
Casualties and losses
Egypt Military: 72 killed
Egypt CSF: 61 killed
Egypt Police: 30 killed
Egypt Homeland Security: 1 killed
Total: 162 killed		 520 militants killed (20 commanders)[12]
2 smugglers killed
Hundreds captured

39 Egyptian (3 tribe chiefs), 7 Israeli and 4 South Korean civilians killed

Total: 734 killed
Part of a series on the
Egyptian Crisis
(2011–2014)
Main topics
Elections
Background
Egypt

The Sinai insurgency comprises a series of actions by Islamist militants in the Sinai peninsula, initiated in early 2011 as a fallout of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. The actions of those Islamist elements, largely composed of tribesmen among the local Bedouins, drew a harsh response from interim Egyptian government since mid-2011 known as Operation Eagle. However, attacks against government and foreign facilities in the area continued into 2012, resulting in a massive crackdown by the new Egyptian government nicknamed Operation Sinai. In May 2013, following an abduction of Egyptian officers, violence in the Sinai surged once again. Following the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, which resulted in the ousting of Mohamed Morsi, "unprecedented clashes" have occurred.[13]

Background

Sufism was previously dominant in the region before jihadi ideas began to take hold.[14] The Sinai peninsula has long been known for its lawlessness, having historically served as a smuggling route for weapons and supplies. Security provisions in the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty of 1979 have institutionalized a diminished security presence in the area, enabling militants to operate with a freer hand. Moreover, the limited government-directed investment and development in Sinai has discriminated against the local Bedouin population, a population that values tribal allegiance over all else. The combination of Sinai's harsh terrain and lack of resources have kept the area poor and hence ripe for militancy.[15]

Following the January 2011 uprising that toppled Hosni Mubarak's regime, the country became increasingly destabilized, creating a security vacuum in the Sinai peninsula. Radical Islamic elements in Sinai exploited the opportunity, using the unique environment, in launching several waves of attacks upon Egyptian military and commercial facilities.

According to The Economist, the conflict also involves local armed Bedouin "who have long-standing grievances against the central government in Cairo," claiming "they are barred from joining the army or police; they find it hard to get jobs in tourism; and they complain that many of their lands have been taken from them."[3]

History

First attacks

Commercial facilities

The first insurgency attacks came sporadically from late February 2011, concentrating on the Arab Gas Pipeline, running into Jordan, Syria and Lebanon and its offshoot from al-Arish to Israel - constantly disrupting Egyptian gas supply to the entire region.

July 2011 Egyptian police station attack

On 30 July 2011, militants staged an attack on an Egyptian police station in El-Arish, killing six.[16]

On 2 August 2011, a group claiming to be the Sinai wing of Al-Qaeda declared its intention to create an Islamic caliphate in the Sinai.[17]

Operation Eagle

Main article: Operation Eagle
Further information: 2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks

Operation Eagle was an Egyptian military campaign in the Sinai Peninsula that was launched on 14 August 2011 to confront Islamist insurgents and criminal gangs threatening Egypt's national security and to restore law and order.[18] Islamist insurgents had been attacking the Egyptian security forces in the Sinai and using the area as a base from which to attack Israel since early 2011.

August 2012 Sinai attack

Main article: August 2012 Sinai attack

On 5 August 2012, a group of armed men ambushed an Egyptian military base in the Sinai Peninsula, killing 16 Egyptian soldiers and stealing two Egyptian armored cars, and then infiltrated into Israel. The attackers rammed through the Kerem Shalom border crossing in Israel, while one of the vehicles exploded. The attackers then engaged in a firefight with soldiers of the Israel Defense Forces, and six attackers were killed during the firefight. No Israelis were injured.[19] The attackers were dressed as Bedouins and attacked with guns and rocket-propelled grenades.[20] 35 attackers took part in this attack on the Egyptian base.[21][22]

Operation Sinai

Main article: Operation Sinai (2012)

The August 2012 attack on Egyptian armed forces triggered a crackdown, led by the Egyptian Army, Police special forces and the Air Force, sweeping the Sinai Peninsula for Jihadist terrorist militants.[23] During the operation, 32 militants and suspects were killed and 38 arrested, while 2 civilians had been killed by early September 2012.[24]

May 2013 hostage crisis

On May 2013, a number of Egyptian Army police officers were taken hostage by armed tribesmen in the Sinai peninsula, with their videos released on the internet begging for their lives. As a response, Egypt’s government had built up security forces in northern Sinai as part of an effort to secure the release of six policemen and a border guard kidnapped by suspected militants. On 20–21 May, Egyptian troops and police, backed by helicopter gunships, conducted a sweep through a number of villages in northern Sinai, along the border with Israel.[25] The officials said the forces came under fire from gunmen in vehicles, triggering the clashes. The clashes left one gunman dead by 21 May.[25] The hostages were released on 22 May after talks between the captors and Bedouins.[26] One suspect in the kidnapping was arrested on 30 May 2013.[26]

July 2013 escalation following Morsi ousting

Since Morsi's ouster on July 3, there has been an increase in violence by armed Bedouin and Islamists.[3][13] Attacks on security forces has been witnessing almost daily attacks since Morsi's ouster — leading many to link the militants there to the Muslim Brotherhood, the Islamist group from which Morsi hails.[27]

In response Egypt has launched "Operation Sinai", bringing in two additional battalions.[28]

In the two weeks since July 3, 39 terrorist attacks have occurred in North Sinai. In the resulting clashes between armed groups and security forces, 52 gunmen and civilians and six security personnel have died.[29] On July 15, witnessed the highest civilian casualties, when a bus transporting workers to the army-operated Al-Arish Cement Company was attacked. Five were killed and 15 were wounded. On July 16, attacks resulted in some of the most intense army engagement, concentrated at Al-Masa'id, Al-Joura, and the Central Security camp at Al-Ahrash.[29]

Security operations have been largely confined to the 40-kilometre area between Al-Arish and Sheikh Zuweid, extending northward toward Rafah along the border with Israel and up to the Karam Abu Salem crossing.[29] Fighting intensifies between the gunmen and the joint army-police forces at night.[29] The frequency of attacks has varied from two to five in a single day. In addition, targets have expanded from fixed security checkpoints to mobile patrols. In most operations, the gunmen use four-wheel drive vehicles and combinations of light and heavy weaponry. However, in three recent attacks RPG-7 launchers were used, most likely smuggled from Libya. The G-7 grenade is capable of penetrating armoured vehicles and is generally fired at the doors.[29]

On 27 July, operation dubbed "Desert Storm" was launched by the Egyptian army in North Sinai Governorate and will last for 48 hours. Two of Egypt's field armies, as well as the country's Air Force and Navy are reportedly taking part in this large-scale operation. The military are said to be blocking all the roads, bridges and tunnels leading from Northern Sinai to other provinces of Egypt.[30]

A bomb was placed at a hotel frequented by security officials on 2 August 2013, though it caused no injuries.[31] A security source told the Egyptian newspaper Al-Masry Al-Youm that a majority of terrorists had been arrested as of 3 August 2013.[32] 2 mausoleums were bombed on 4 August 2013, though no injuries resulted.[33]

25 Egyptian policemen died in an attack in the northern region of Sinai, on August 18. After militants forced two mini-buses carrying off-duty policemen to stop, ordered the policemen out and forced them to lie on the ground before shooting them.[34] The Egyptian military arrested eleven people, including five Hamas members, three local residents and three foreign nationals, for their alleged involvement in the killings.[35] The person who committed the murders confessed on 1 September 2013.[36]

Military spokesperson Ahmed Ali said that Egyptian security forces recent operations in Sinai, from 5 July to 23 August, resulted in: 78 suspected militants killed, including 32 foreigners; 116 people injured; and 203 people arrested, including 48 foreigners, for their alleged involvement in attacks on security checkpoints in the peninsula. Additionally 343 tunnels on the border between Egypt and Gaza at Rafah have been destroyed.[37][38]

On 3 September, fifteen Islamist militants were killed in an attack by military helicopters.[39]

On 7 September, the Egyptian army launched a new operation in the region. The operation involved tanks and at least six Apache helicopters. The army have been jamming communications to thwart militant coordination.[40] The army combed through areas near the Gaza Strip, including locations used by militants suspect in the killing and abduction of Egyptian soldiers over the past year. In the three days of operations, since September 7, one officer, two soldiers and 29 militants were killed, and 39 militants were arrested.[41][42]

On 11 September, suicide bomber targeted Egyptian military intelligence headquarters in Rafah, bringing down the structure, at the same time a car bomb had rammed an army checkpoint. In the simultaneous attack at least nine soldiers were killed.[41]

On 24 December, 16 were killed and over 134 injured in a huge bomb which hit the Daqahliya Security Directorate in Mansoura, in the worst attack on a government site since the ouster of Morsi in July. Ansar Bait al-Maqdis, a Sinai-based group, claimed responsibility for the attack. The group deemed Egyptian troops infidels because they answer to a "secular government", warning them to desert or face death.[43][44]

2014

Over the few months leading to 2014, the Egyptian army's has gained the upper hand in the battle against terrorist militias that have found safe haven in the peninsula. After isolating and largely clearing the populated northeastern Sinai the army put many terrorist factions on the defensive, most notably Ansar Bait al-Maqdis. However, one thousand armed militiamen are still sheltering in the main stronghold in Jabal Halal, as well as Jabal Amer area. Both are expected to be targeted in the expected spring offensive.[12]

On 26 January, Ansar Beit al-Maqdis, a militant group claimed responsibility for an escalating series of attacks on police and soldiers, said in a statement posted on jihadist websites that it had succeeded in "downing a military helicopter with a surface-to-air missile and killing its entire crew in the area around the city of Sheikh Zuweid" in North Sinai, near the border with Gaza.[45] Earlier that morning masked men in an SUV attacked a bus carrying soldiers in Sinai, killing at least three and injuring at least 11.[45]

On 3 February, in what described as the biggest operation in the Egyptian army's ongoing offensive against militants in the Sinai, 30 suspected militants were killed and another 15 injured in a series of airstrikes and another 16 were arrested.[46]

On 16 February 2014 a bomb exploded on or under a tour bus of a South Korean church group in the Egyptian city of Taba, which borders the Gulf of Aqaba and Eilat, Israel. The bombing killed 4 people - 3 South Koreans and the Egyptian bus driver - and injured 17 others.[47] According to The New York Times, the bombing could "offer worrying new evidence that militants who have been attacking Egypt's security forces for months were broadening their campaign against civilians."[48]

Attacks and activities outside of the Sinai

On 24 December, sixteen people were killed and over a hundred people injured in a huge bomb which hit the Daqahliya Security Directorate in Mansoura. Ansar Beit al-Maqdis, a Sinai-based group, claimed responsibility for the attack.[43]

Gaza Strip

Out of the approximately 15 main terror groups operating in the Sinai desert, the most dominant and active terror groups have close relations with the Gaza Strip.[49] The Army of Islam, a U.S. designated terrorist organization based in the Gaza Strip, is responsible for training and supplying many terrorist organizations and jihadist members in Sinai.[49] Mohammed Dormosh, the Army of Islam's leader, is known for his close relationships to the Hamas leadership.[49] Army of Islam smuggles members into the Gaza Strip for training, then returns them to the Sinai Peninsula to engage in terrorist and jihadist activities.[50]

Forces and Strategy

The disposition of Egyptian forces in Sinai peninsula mandated by the Camp David Accords and monitored by the 1,600 foreign troops that make up the U.N. Multinational Force and Observers. Egypt is permitted only enough forces in Sinai to enforce security.[51]

With Israeli approval, in 2011 Egypt sent additional 2,500 troops and 250 armored personnel, with helicopters as part of Operation Eagle, a mission to provide security during the power transition from then-recently fallen Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak.[51] Operation Eagle was joined by Operation Sinai in 2012, which came in response to a militant attack against an Egyptian border post August 5 that killed 16 border guards. Together, the two operations increased the total troop count by more than 2,500 added 80 vehicles and at least two attack helicopters. Egypt also was allowed to deploy armed fighter jets to El Arish to assist its ground forces in Sinai.[51][52]

Egypt's expanded force structure in Sinai is designed to deny militants sanctuary by bringing more force to bear than the municipal police alone can provide. Many of the new forces are stationed in the northeast of Sinai along the Egyptian border with Gaza. Setting up roadblocks and checkpoints to monitor and inspect traffic transiting the Sinai Peninsula to counter this smuggling.[51]

Casualties

  • 30 July 2011 - 6 Egyptian security forces killed.[citation needed]
  • 14 August–September 2011, Operation Eagle: 1 Islamist militant and 2 civilians killed.[citation needed]
    • 15 August 2011 - 1 Islamist militant killed, 6 captured.[citation needed]
    • 17 August 2011 - 2 Bedouins killed in unclear circumstances.[citation needed]
  • 18 August 2011 - 2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks, 6 Israeli civilians and two soldiers and 5 Egyptian soldiers killed, as well as 10 attackers.[citation needed]
  • 27 March 2012 - 2 smugglers killed.[53]
  • 15 April 2012 - 2 policemen killed.[54]
  • 2 May 2012 - 1 policemen killed.[55]
  • 19 May 2012 - 1 tribe chief killed.[56]
  • 4 June 2012 - 1 policeman killed.[57]
  • 18 June 2012, 1 Israeli civilian killed and 2 wounded by an attack on Israeli-Egyptian border fence.[58]
  • 5 August 2012, 2012 Egyptian–Israeli border attack, 16 Egyptian soldiers and 8 Islamist militants killed.[citation needed]
  • 7 August 2012, Operation Sinai (2012) - 32 militants and suspects killed, 38 arrested; 2 civilians killed (by early September 2012).[citation needed]
    • 8 August 2012 – 20 militants killed in Sinai.[citation needed]
    • 12 August 2012 – 7 suspected militants killed.[citation needed]
    • 13 August 2012 – armed men shot dead tribal leader Khalaf Al-Menahy and his son.[citation needed]
    • 29 August 2012 – Egyptian Army tanks and helicopters attack Jihadi cells, resulting in 11 dead militants and 23 more taken prisoner with no reported military casualties.[59]
  • 16 September 2012 - 1 Egyptian soldier killed.[60]
  • 21 September 2012 - 1 Israeli soldier and 3 Islamist militants killed.
  • 3 November 2012 - 3 Egyptian policemen killed.[citation needed]
  • 16 April 2013 - Gunmen kill 1 Egyptian policeman.[61]
  • 7 May 2013 - 1 Egyptian civilian killed by Islamist gunmen.[62]
  • 21 May 2013 - 1 gunman killed in clashes.[citation needed]
  • June–July 2013 - 1 Egyptian soldier and 20 gunmen killed in clashes.[13]
  • 3 July to 15 July 2013 - Following the ouster of Islamist President Morsi, 8 policemen, 2 Christians, one a priest, and five civilians have been killed in attacks by Islamist militants in the Sinai peninsula.[11][63]
  • 16–17 July 2013 - 10 jihadists killed.[64]
  • 17 July 2013 - 3 policemen killed.[65]
  • 18 July 2013 - 1 policeman killed.[66]
  • 19 July 2013 - 2 civilians killed.[67]
  • 21 July 2013 - 2 civilians, 2 officers, and 2 policemen killed.[68]
  • 22 July 2013 - 1 civilian killed.[69]
  • 24 July 2013 - 2 soldiers and 3 jihadists killed.[70]
  • 26 July 2013 - 1 civilian killed.[71]
  • 27–28 July 2013 - 10 terrorists killed.[72]
  • 28 July 2013 - 1 officer killed.[73]
  • 29 July 2013 - 4 soldiers killed.[74]
  • 30 July 2013 - 1 soldier killed.[75]
  • 2 August 2013 - 1 policeman killed.[31]
  • 5 August 2013 - 1 soldier killed.[76]
  • 7 August 2013 - 1 civilian killed.[77]
  • 9 August 2013 - 4 militants killed.[78]
  • 11 August 2013 - 12 militants killed.[79]
  • 14 August 2013 - 2 policemen and 1 army colonel killed.[80][81]
  • 15 August 2013 - 8 soldiers killed by insurgents near Arish.[82]
  • 17 August 2013 - 6 people killed.[83]
  • 18 August 2013 - 1 soldier killed.[84]
  • 19 August 2013 - 25 off service unarmed Central Security Forces soldiers were ambushed and executed by insurgents.[85]
  • 30 August 2013 - 3 militants,[86] 2 policemen[87] and one police chief were killed in separate attacks.[88]
  • 3 September 2013 - 15 militants killed.[39]
  • 4 September 2013 - 2 conscripts killed.[89]
  • 7 September 2013 - At least 31 militants killed.[90]
  • 11 September 2013 - 6 soldiers killed.[91]
  • 30 September 2013 - 3 policemen, 1 soldier, and 1 civilian killed.[81]
  • 7 October 2013 - A car bomb killed three police officers in southern Sinai, hours after masked gunmen shot dead six soldiers in a patrol car outside the Suez Canal city of Ismailiya.[92]
  • 10 October 2013 - A suicide bomber rammed his explosives-laden car into a checkpoint outside the city of al-Arish in Egypt's Sinai Peninsula, killing three soldiers and a policeman.[93]
  • 17 October 2013 - 6 militants killed.[94]
  • 18 October 2013 - 1 policeman killed.[95]
  • 21 October 2013 - 1 civilian killed.[96]
  • 22 Oct 2013 - One officer and a civilian driver killed.[97]
  • 23 October 2013 - 1 soldier killed.[98]
  • 6 November 2013 - 1 soldier killed[99] and 3 Islamist militants killed.[100]
  • 7 November 2013 - 8 militants killed.[101]
  • 13 November 2013 - 2 militants killed.[102]
  • 14 November 2013 - 3 militants and two policeman killed.[103][104]
  • 15 November 2013 - 1 policeman killed.[98]
  • 16 November 2013 - 1 police officer shot dead in North Sinai.[104]
  • 20 November 2013 - 11 soldiers killed near el-Arish.[105]
  • 30 November 2013 - 3 militants killed.[106]
  • 9 December 2013 - Leading member of Ansar Bait al-Maqdis, Abu Suhaib, killed while shooting at police,[107] 22 suspected militants captured.[108]
  • 10 December 2013 - Wanted Ansar Bait al-Maqdis militant, Abdulrahman Salama Salem Abu Eita captured.[109]
  • 13 December 2013 - Wanted Islamist militant, Ahmed Ahmeed Abu Sreig killed.[110]
  • 15 December 2013 - Wanted Islamist militant, Nesar Sabah Robaa Saleh, killed in Al-Arish.,[111] 40 suspected captured.[112]
  • 16 December 2013 - Wanted militant named Abu Khaled was killed, 7 wanted militants and 20 suspected militants captured.[113]
  • 17 December 2013 - Wanted Islamist killed in Sinai.[114]
  • 18 December 2013 - 2 militants killed, 12 militants captured.[115]
  • 19 December 2013 - Two militants killed.[116]
  • 20 December 2013 - Two soldiers [117] and 3 militants killed.[118]
  • 22 December 2013 - 4 militants killed, 4 suspected militants captured.[119]
  • 24 December 2013 - 14 police officers killed, 2 civilians killed in an attack on a major police station.[43]
  • 4 January 2014 - 1 soldier killed.[120]
  • 13 January 2014 - 2 militants killed by their own bomb;[121] approximately 5 militants killed in unclear circumstances.[122]
  • 16 January 2014 - 1 militant killed.[123]
  • 18 January 2014 - 3 militants killed.[124]
  • 19 January 2014 - 1 militant killed.[125]
  • 25 January 2014 - 5 soldiers killed in attack on helicopter.[126]
  • 26 January 2014 - 4 soldiers killed.[127]
  • 29 January 2014 - 10 militants killed.[128]
  • 30 January 2014 - 7 militants [129] and one police officer killed.[130]
  • 31 January 2014 - 13 militants killed.[131]
  • 1 February 2014 - 2 militants killed.[132]
  • 31 January 2014 - 13 militants killed.[131]
  • 3 February 2014 - 30 militants killed.[46]
  • 7 February 2014 - 20 militants killed.[133]
  • 9 February 2014 - 3 militants killed.[133]
  • 17 January 2014 - 13 militants killed.[134]
  • 16 February - 5 civilians (including 4 South Koreans) killed in the 2014 Taba bus bombing.[citation needed]
  • 20 February - 10 militants killed.[135]
  • 21–23 February - 14 militants killed.[136]
  • 1 March - 10 militants killed.[137]
  • 6 March - 1 policeman killed.[138]
  • 11 March - 7 militants killed.[139]
  • 17 March - 3 militants killed.[140]
  • 24 March - 3 militants killed.[141]
  • 30 March 2014 - 1 soldier killed.[142]
  • 1 April 2014 - 3 militants killed.[143]
  • 3 April 2014 - 1 CSF officer killed.[144]
  • 5 April 2014. - 4 militants killed.[145]
  • 11 April 2014 - 1 militant killed.[146]
  • 13 April 2014 - 3 militants killed.[147]
  • 16 April 2014 - 2 militants killed.[148]
  • 24 April 2014 - 6 militants killed.[149]
  • 27 April 2014 - 1 militant killed.[150]
  • 29 April 2014 - 3 militants killed.[151]
  • 1 May 2014 - 5 militants killed.[152]
  • 2 May 2014 - 2 killed in suicide bombing in El-Tor; 1 killed in suicide bombing near Sharm el-Sheikh.[153]
  • 11 May 2014 - 1 army conscript killed in shooting in Sheikh Zuweid.[154]
  • 14 May 2014 - 2 militants killed.[155]
  • 20 May 2014 - 6 militants killed.[156]
  • 22 May 2014 - 3 militants killed by suspected tribesmen.[157]
  • 23 May 2014 - 1 CSF officer killed.[158]
  • 28 May 2014 - 1 soldier killed.[159]
  • 5 June 2014 - 7 militants killed.[160]
  • 8 June 2014 - 1 civilian killed.[161]
  • 11 June 2014 - 1 soldier killed.[162]
  • 16 June 2014 - 8 extremists killed.[163]
  • 21 June 2014 - 8 militants killed.[164][165]
  • 22 June 2014 - 19 militants killed.[164]
  • 28 June 2014 - Militants killed four members of the Central Security Forces.[166] Armed assailants shot at a police officer in his car in Al-Arish. Two men accompanying the officer were killed while he survived unscathed.[167]
  • 3 July 2014 - A raid carried out by the Egyptian army in North Sinai killed 17 Islamic militants.[168]
  • 9 July 2014 - 1 soldier killed.[169]
  • 14 July 2014 - 1 soldier and 7 civilians, including two children, were killed in two separate mortar attacks.[170]
  • 15 July 2014 - 7 militants [171] and one soldier killed.[172]
  • 18 July 2014 - 1 police officer killed.[173]
  • 21 July 2014 - 2 tribal leaders killed.[174]
  • 22 July 2014 - 1 security guard killed.[175]
  • 23 July 2014 - 2 militants killed.[176]
  • 24 July 2014 - 3 militants killed including Khaled el-Manaei brother of Shadi el-Manaei.[177]
  • 25 July 2014 - 2 CSF officers killed.[178]
  • 26 July 2014 - 12 militants were killed during an Egyptian Army raid near Sheikh Zuweid,[179] while 4 children were killed in Rafah due to a rocket attack by suspected militants.[180] A Sufi mosque in Al-Arish was hit by six rocket-propelled grenades in a separate incident.[181]
  • 27 July 2014 - 14 militants killed by Egyptian security forces during raids on their hideouts in Sheikh Zuweid and Rafah.[182]
  • 3 August 2014 - 5 militants killed in a military operation, during which security forces managed to destroy many of the militants' vehicles.[183] A six-year old boy was killed when a rocket that was meant to target a security convoy hit his house, injuring four others.[184]
  • 4 August 2014 - 11 militants were killed during a military raid in several districts of North Sinai near the border with Israel. Three tunnels and a number of vehicles were destroyed in the process.[185]

Reactions

Israel

In the two years since 2011, Israel has approved two Egyptian military increases in the Sinai Peninsula above levels set in the Camp David Accords, which mandates that the Sinai must remain demilitarized, with only enough forces in Sinai to enforce security.[51][52][186] Israel did so because it is not in its interest to have unrest in Sinai, whether political protests or militant violence.[51]

However in late 2012, concern began to be raised as Egypt began deploying more force and tanks without coordination from Israel. On 21 August, Israeli Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman said that it is important for Israel to make sure that the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty is upheld, and not to remain silent as Egyptian military forces enter the Sinai. Concern was raised by Israeli officials over Egyptian failure to notify Israel about the deployment of tanks in the Sinai, which violates the peace treaty. Lieberman said, "We must make sure that every detail is upheld, otherwise we'll find ourselves in a slippery slope as far as the peace treaty is concerned."[187]

On the same day, Israeli daily Maariv reported that Israel sent a message to Egypt via the White House, protesting Egypt's ongoing increase in military presence in the Sinai without coordination from Israel, and telling Egypt that it must remove tanks from the Sinai because their presence violates the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty of 1979, which states that Sinai Peninsula is to remain demilitarized. The Israeli daily Maariv reported was reinforced by an article in The New York Times, which stated that Israel was “troubled” by the entry of Egyptian tanks into the northern Sinai Peninsula without coordination with Israel and had asked Egypt to withdraw them.[188] Partly due to Egypt's military deploying tanks in the Sinai Peninsula, Israel is increasingly worried about what has long been their most critical regional relationship.[189] The lack of coordination around their deployment is seen as potentially undermining a peace treaty that has been a cornerstone of Israel’s security for decades according to the New York Times.[189] Israel is also concerned that Egypt may use Operation Eagle to build up its military presence in the Sinai, and leave the tanks and armored carriers in the Sinai while not doing much more than symbolic action to eliminate the terrorist threat.[190]

Israel has not issued a formal complaint, and instead prefers to resolve the issue through quiet contacts, as well as mediation from the U.S., to avoid straining its relationship with Egypt.[191]

On 24 August 2012, a senior Egyptian military source said that Egyptian Defense Minister Abdel Fattah el-Sissi and Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak have reached an agreement on the issue of the militarization of the Sinai. Al Hayat reported that Sissi phoned Barak and said that Egypt was committed to maintaining the peace treaty with Israel.[192] Sissi also said that the militarization was temporary, and was needed for security and to fight terrorism. However, an Israeli defense official denied that such a conversation took place.[193]

In late August 2012, Egyptian President Morsi said that the security operations do not threaten anyone, and "there should not be any kind of international or regional concerns at all from the presence of Egyptian security forces." Morsi added that the campaign was in "full respect to international treaties," although the Egyptian-Israeli peace deal places limits on Egyptian military deployment in the Sinai.[194]

On 8 September 2012, an Israeli official confirmed that coordination exists between Israel and Egypt regarding Operation Eagle. Egyptian Military spokesman Ahmed Mohammed Ali had earlier announced that Egypt has been consulting with Israel regarding its security measures in the Sinai.[195]

United States

According to CNN, in a move to increase security in the Sinai, help Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi, and reassure Israel, U.S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta is offering Egypt classified intelligence-sharing capabilities to help Egypt identify military threats in the area, which he discussed during his recent trips to Egypt and Israel. The technology has been widely used in Iraq and Afghanistan to identify vehicles at great distances. The technology may also be used by the Multinational Force and Observers in Sinai. The United States is also offering increased intelligence sharing, including satellite imagery and drone flights, as well as cellphone intercepts and other communications among militants suspected of plotting attacks.[196]

On 22 August 2012, the State Department urged Egypt to be transparent over Operation Eagle and any security operations in the Sinai. The State Department said that the United States supports Operation Eagle against terrorism, but stressed that Egypt must continue coordination with Israel regarding these operations and military increases in the Sinai, according to the 1979 Camp David Accords.[197] The State Department also called on Egypt to fulfill its obligations under the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty and deal strongly with security threats in the Sinai, while ensuring that "lines of communication stay open."[198]

On 23 August 2012, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, speaking with Egyptian Foreign Minister Mohamed Kamel Amr, urged Amr to maintain lines of communication with Israel, and emphasized the importance of being transparent over the militarization of the Sinai.[191]

Multinational Force and Observers in Sinai

The Multinational Force and Observers in Sinai, a 1650-strong international organization created in 1979 during the Camp David Accords with peacekeeping responsibilities, kept a low profile during the intensification of Operation Eagle in 2012. A representative for the organization said that "we are unable to respond to queries from the media at this time" in response to whether Egypt asked permission to move weaponry into the Sinai, and whether Israel granted it.[199]

Jordan

The Egyptian pipeline carrying natural gas to Jordan, has been attacked at least 15 times since the start of the uprising in early 2011.[200] The lack of Egyptian gas hit Jordan budget severely (by JD 1.4 billion or the equivalent of USD 2 billion yearly for the past two years) and they are looking for Egypt compensation for the lost quantities.[201]

Other

A Mada Masr journalist questioned the accuracy of Interior Ministry reports on at least two accusations.[202] A CBS journalist named Clarissa Ward went in undercover to the Sinai and saw evidence of a scorched earth policy.[203]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Attack on Sinai base of Aust peacekeepers". Herald Sun. 15 September 2012.
  2. ^ "Terrorists in lawless Sinai Peninsula 'energized' by crackdown on Islamists in Egypt, analyst says". National Post. 19 August 2013.
  3. ^ a b c "Egypt's Sinai desert: A haven for malcontents". The Economist. 13 July 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  4. ^ "Jund al Islam claims credit for Sinai suicide car bomb attacks". The Long War Journal. 12 September 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  5. ^ a b "Egypt army arrests head of Sinai radical militant group, dozens others". Ahram Online. 1 November 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  6. ^ "Perpetrators of second Rafah massacre arrested". Daily News Egypt. 1 September 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  7. ^ "Egypt sentences 14 to death for 2011 Sinai attacks". The Times of Israel. 24 September 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  8. ^ "Al-Jihadeya Al-Salafeya leader Al-Zawahiri captured". Daily News Egypt. 17 August 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  9. ^ "North Sinai tribal leader kills 4 Islamist militants". Mada Masr. 2 August 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  10. ^ "Egypt releases data on Sinai insurgents: 1,600, most linked to Al Qaida". World News Tribune. 31 August 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  11. ^ a b "Sinai, Egypt's unsolved problem". Ahram Online. 18 July 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  12. ^ a b "The New Triangle of Egypt, Israel, and Hamas". Washington Institute. 12 January 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
  13. ^ a b c "Clashes in Sinai over Morsi removal". Ahram Online. 5 July 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
  14. ^ "Mapping jihadi groups in Sinai". Egypt Independent. 10 August 2013. Retrieved 26 October 2013.
  15. ^ "Analysis: Egypt Tackles Increased Sinai Militancy". Lebanonwire.com. 22 May 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  16. ^ Awad, Marwa (16 August 2011). "Egypt army operation nets militants in Sinai-sources". Reuters Africa. Cairo. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
  17. ^ Hassan, Amro (17 August 2011). "Nearly 20 alleged gas pipeline saboteurs arrested". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
  18. ^ Khaled, Osama (11 August 2011). "Special forces deployed to Sinai to restore security". Almasry Alyoum. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
  19. ^ Yaakov Katz (6 August 2012). "The Sinai attack: Blow by blow". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
  20. ^ "Egypt vows strong response to Sinai attack". Al Jazeera. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
  21. ^ Yoav Zitun (6 August 2012). "Watch: IAF strikes Sinai terror cell". Yedioth Ahronot. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
  22. ^ Yaakov Katz and Herb Keinon (6 August 2012). "Israel considers request for more Egyptian troops in Sinai". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
  23. ^ "UPDATED: Egyptian troops strike hard in North Sinai after multiple attacks". Al Ahram. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  24. ^ "Egypt Army kills 32, arrests 38 more in Sinai offensive". GlobalPost. 8 September 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
  25. ^ a b "More troops and equipment arrive in Egypt's Sinai as hostage crisis continues". Associated Press. 21 May 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
  26. ^ a b "Suspect in kidnapping of Egyptian security men arrested". Reuters. 30 May 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
  27. ^ August 19, 2013, 3:22 AM (19 August 2013). "Egypt bloodletting rages with Islamic militants killing 25 police in Sinai Peninsula". CBS News. Retrieved 3 September 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  28. ^ Christa Case Bryant. "Militants dig in as Egypt cracks down on jihadi sandbox in Sinai". CSMonitor.com. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  29. ^ a b c d e "Sinai, Egypt's unsolved problem - Politics - Egypt - Ahram Online". English.ahram.org.eg. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  30. ^ "Egypt army launches counter-extremist operation in Sinai — RT News". RT. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  31. ^ a b "Bomb attack on Sinai hotel leaves no casualties". Ahram Online. 2 August 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  32. ^ "Majority of terrorists in Sinai arrested: source". Egypt Independent. 3 August 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  33. ^ "Two mausoleums bombed in north, central Sinai". Ahram Online. 5 August 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  34. ^ "Egypt bloodletting rages with Islamic militants killing 25 police in Sinai Peninsula". CBS News. 19 August 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  35. ^ Miller, Elhanan (28 August 2013). "Five Hamas members arrested over Egyptian police massacre". Times of Israel. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  36. ^ "Top Sinai militant confesses murder of 25 policemen: Security source". Ahram Online. 3 September 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  37. ^ "Egypt 'killed 78 militants' in recent operations in Sinai". English.ahram.org.eg. 23 August 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  38. ^ "Egypt army says 60 'terrorists' killed in Sinai in a month". Ahram Online. 7 August 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  39. ^ a b "Rocket attack kills 15 militants in Sinai: Egyptian state TV". Reuters. 3 September 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  40. ^ "9 Militants Are Reported Killed in Egyptian Army Raid in Sinai". New York Times. 7 September 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  41. ^ a b "Suicide bombings strike Egyptian military in border town in Sinai, killing 9". Associated Press. 11 September 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  42. ^ "Egyptian tanks, helicopters push through Sinai". Associated Press. 9 September 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  43. ^ a b c "Al-Qaida-linked group claims Egypt police attack". Associated Pres. 25 December 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
  44. ^ "Sinai's Ansar Bait Al-Maqdis claim responsibility for Egypt's Mansoura blast". Ahram Online. 25 December 2013.
  45. ^ a b "Militants Down Egyptian Helicopter, Killing 5 Soldiers". New York Times. 26 January 2014.
  46. ^ a b "Military airstrikes kill 30 militants in North Sinai: media reports". Ahram Online. 3 February 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  47. ^ "Egypt Bus Blast in Sinai Peninsula Kills Korean Tourists". Bloomberg News. 16 February 2014.
  48. ^ "Bombing of Tourist Bus Kills at Least Three in Sinai". The New York Times. 16 February 2014.
  49. ^ a b c "Egypt's ire raised as Hamas harbors Sinai jihadists". Times Of Israel. 22 August 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  50. ^ "Gaza terrorists infiltrate Sinai". Ynet News. 7 August 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  51. ^ a b c d e f "Analysis: Egypt, Gaza and the Sinai Peninsula". bi-me. 17 November 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  52. ^ a b Herb Keinon (9 August 2012). "Security cabinet okays Egypt attack helicopters in Sinai". Reuters. The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
  53. ^ Kahn, Gabe (27 March 2012). "Egypt Kills 2 Israel-bound Smugglers". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
  54. ^ "Militants kill two Egyptian policemen in Sinai; Suez oil facility attacked again". Associated Press. Haaretz. 16 April 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
  55. ^ "Egyptian policeman killed in Sinai attack". Trend News Agency. 2 May 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
  56. ^ "Sinai tribe chief killed in Arish". Egypt Independent. 19 May 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
  57. ^ "Bedouin tribesmen, police clash in Egypt's Sinai, one dead: sources". Reuters. 4 June 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
  58. ^ "Terror attack in the south". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 18 June 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
  59. ^ "Egyptian forces kill 11 militants in Sinai". CNN. 29 August 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  60. ^ "Egyptian soldier killed in Sinai clashes publisher=The Telegraph". Agence France-Presse. 16 September 2012. Retrieved 3 July 2014. {{cite web}}: Missing pipe in: |title= (help)
  61. ^ "Gunman kill Egyptian policeman in Sinai". Turkishweekly.net. 17 April 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  62. ^ "Gunmen kill alcohol seller in Egypt's Sinai". Reuters. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  63. ^ "Egypt's army chief defends Mohammed Morsi's ouster | CTV News". Ctvnews.ca. 14 July 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
  64. ^ "Ten jihadists killed in North Sinai in last 48 hours". Egypt Independent. 18 July 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  65. ^ "Three policemen killed in militant attacks in North Sinai". Egypt Independent. 18 July 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  66. ^ "Egypt policeman killed in Sinai attack: medics". Ahram Online. 18 July 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  67. ^ "Rocket attack kills 2 civilians in Egypt's Sinai: Security". Ahram Online. 19 July 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  68. ^ "Six killed in militant attacks in Egypt's Sinai". Ahram Online. 22 July 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
  69. ^ "Egyptian man killed in armed attack on Sinai checkpoint". Ahram Online. 22 July 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  70. ^ "Two Egyptian soldiers, three militants killed in Sinai". Reuters. 24 July 2013. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
  71. ^ "Wave of violence continues in Sheikh Zuweid". Daily News Egypt. 26 July 2013. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
  72. ^ "Security source: 10 militants killed, 20 arrested in Sinai". Egypt Independent. 28 July 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
  73. ^ "Militants strike Sinai security targets". Daily News Egypt. 28 July 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
  74. ^ "More dead and injured in Sinai". Daily News Egypt. 30 July 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  75. ^ "Egyptian soldier shot dead in Sinai by militants". Ahram Online. 30 July 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  76. ^ "Gunmen kill soldier in Egypt's Sinai". Ahram Online. 5 August 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  77. ^ "Four Islamist militants killed in Egypt near Israel: sources". Reuters. 9 August 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
  78. ^ "Gang guns down former MP in Arish". Egypt Independent. 7 August 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
  79. ^ "Egypt's army says helicopter strike kills 12 suspected militants in northern Sinai Peninsula". Fox News. 11 August 2013.
  80. ^ "Egypt seethes under curfew after hundreds killed". Reuters. 14 August 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  81. ^ a b "Gunmen kill three Egyptian policemen, one soldier in Sinai". Reuters. 30 September 2013.
  82. ^ "Eight dead, four injured in Al-Arish attacks". Daily News Egypt. 15 August 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  83. ^ "Bloody clashes in Sinai on 'Friday of Rage'". Daily News Egypt. 17 August 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  84. ^ "Armed attacks continue in North Sinai". Daily News Egypt. 18 August 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  85. ^ "25 Soldiers executed in Sinai". Daily News Egypt. 19 August 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  86. ^ "Three militants killed in Sinai, 22 arrested". Daily News Egypt. 30 August 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  87. ^ "BBC News - Egypt attack on Suez Canal ship 'foiled'". BBC. 1 September 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
  88. ^ "Police chief killed in Al-Arish while attacks in Sinai continue". Daily News Egypt. 30 August 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  89. ^ "Corrected: Armed attack kills 2 conscripts in Egypt's Sinai". Ahram Online. 4 September 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  90. ^ "Egypt army hits Sinai militants, at least 31 killed, injured: sources". Egypt Independent. 7 September 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
  91. ^ "Six soldiers dead in twin bomb attack on Egyptian military in Sinai". Ahram Online. 11 September 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  92. ^ "Egyptian soldiers killed in Ismailiya and Sinai attacks". BBC. 7 October 2013. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
  93. ^ "Egyptian soldiers killed by suicide bomber". Al Jazeera English. 10 October 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  94. ^ "Six alleged militants killed in Egypt's northern Sinai". Ahram Online. 17 October 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  95. ^ "Policeman shot dead in Sinai's Al-Arish". Ahram Online. 18 October 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  96. ^ "Civilian killed, 4 injured in Arish gunmen attack". Egypt Independent. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  97. ^ "Bomb kills two in Egypt's Sinai". Ahram Online. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  98. ^ a b "Soldier shot dead in attack on checkpoint in central Sinai". Egypt Independent. 23 October 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2013. Cite error: The named reference "ei23oct" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  99. ^ "Sniper kills soldier in Sinai". Daily News Egypt. 7 November 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
  100. ^ "Egyptian armed forces kill three Sinai militants". Ahram Online. 7 November 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
  101. ^ "Ousted Egypt president's family sees him in prison". Associated Press. 7 November 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
  102. ^ "Two militants killed, 17 arrested in Sinai". Egypt Independent. 13 November 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
  103. ^ "Policeman and three militants killed in Sinai". Daily News Egypt. 14 November 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  104. ^ a b "Policeman shot dead in North Sinai". Ahram Online. 16 November 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  105. ^ "UPDATE 3: Bomb-laden car driven into military convoy kills 11". Ahram Online. 20 November 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
  106. ^ "Ansar Jerusalem announces deaths of 3 fighters, including commander". Long War Journal. 2 December 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
  107. ^ "Sinai-based Jihadist leader killed: Army spokesman". Ahram Online. 9 December 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
  108. ^ "suspected Captured".
  109. ^ "Abdulrahman Salama Salem Abu Eita Captured".
  110. ^ "Ahmed Ahmeed Abu Sreig killed".
  111. ^ "Egyptian troops kill another Sinai militant leader: Army". Ahram Online. 16 December 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  112. ^ "40 suspected captured".
  113. ^ "Islamist killed".
  114. ^ "Egypt army spokesman: leading Jihadist killed in Sinai's Rafah". Ahram Online. 17 December 2013. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
  115. ^ "2 militants killed".
  116. ^ "Two extremists killed, other 12 arrested in Arish". Egypt Independent. 19 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  117. ^ "Official: 2 Egyptian soldiers killed, 8 wounded in operation targeting Sinai militants". Fox News. 20 December 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
  118. ^ "Egyptian soldiers shot dead in Sinai". Al Jazeera English. 20 December 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
  119. ^ "4 militants killed".
  120. ^ "One military personnel killed, two injured in an armored vehicle blast in Arish". Egypt Independent. 4 January 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  121. ^ "Two militants killed in Sinai - Military sources". Aswat Masriya. 13 January 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  122. ^ "5 extremist [sic] killed, 2 injured, in clashes in Rafah". Egypt Independent. 13 January 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  123. ^ "Militant killed and five arrested in North Sinai security campaign". Daily News Egypt. 16 January 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
  124. ^ "Three extremists killed in Sinai – security source". Aswat Masriya. 18 January 2014. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  125. ^ "Extremist leader killed in Sinai – army". Aswat Masriya. 19 January 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  126. ^ "Egyptian soldiers killed in Sinai as protest toll rises to 49". Reuters. 26 January 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  127. ^ "Attack on army bus in Sinai, 4 recruits killed". Egypt Independent. 26 January 2014.
  128. ^ "UPDATE: Ten militants killed in Egypt's Sinai". Ahram Online. 30 January 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  129. ^ "Seven takfiri elements killed in North Sinai security operations". Cairo Post. 31 January 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  130. ^ "Gunmen kill police officer in Sinai". Aswat Masriya. 31 January 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
  131. ^ a b "Airstrike kills 13 suspected militants in Sinai: Army spokesperson". Ahram Online. 31 January 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
  132. ^ "Two extremists killed, 20 arrested in Sinai crackdown". Aswat Masriya. 1 February 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  133. ^ a b "Sinai operations kill 23 since Friday". Mada Masr. 9 February 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
  134. ^ "Egypt army kills 5 suspected militants in North Sinai: Spokesman". Ahram Online. 17 February 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  135. ^ "Egyptian army helicopter bombs suspected militants in Sinai". Montreal Gazette. 20 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  136. ^ "Army says it kills 14 Sinai militants in two days". Daily News Egypt. 24 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  137. ^ "Ten extremists killed, 11 arrested in North Sinai". Aswat Masriya. 1 March 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  138. ^ "Gunmen kill policeman in Sinai's Arish". Aswat Masriya. 7 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  139. ^ "7 militants killed". Egyptian Ministry of Defense. 12 March 2014.
  140. ^ "Three "extremists" killed and 17 arrested in Sinai - Army". Aswat Masriya. 17 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
  141. ^ "Officer shot dead in targeted attack in Arish". Mada Masr. 24 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  142. ^ "Attack on personnel carrier in Egypt's Sinai kills soldier, injures three". Ahram Online. 30 March 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
  143. ^ "Army spokesperson: 3 extremists killed in North Sinai raid". Egypt Independent. 1 April 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
  144. ^ "Sources: Ansar Beit al-Maqdes kills soldier in Rafah". Cairo Post. 3 April 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  145. ^ "Four killed in Sinai security operation". Mada Masr. 5 April 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  146. ^ "Egypt troops kill prominent Sinai militant". Ahram Online. 11 April 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  147. ^ "Military says 3 jihadis killed in Sinai checkpoint attack". Mada Masr. 13 April 2013. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  148. ^ "Two extremists killed, 37 arrested in Sinai - army". Aswat Masriya. 17 April 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  149. ^ "Six militants killed, 20 wounded in Sinai security operation". Aswat Masriya. 24 April 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  150. ^ "Egyptian troops kill militant, arrest others in Sinai raids". Ahram Online. 28 April 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  151. ^ "Three "extremists" killed in Sinai - security sources". Aswat Masriya. 29 April 2014. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
  152. ^ "Sources: Army air strike kills five extremists in North Sinai". Aswat Masriya. 2 May 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  153. ^ "Friday bombings leave 4 dead in Heliopolis, South Sinai". Mada Masr. 2 May 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  154. ^ "Army conscript killed in Sheikh Zuwayed". Mada Masr. 11 May 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  155. ^ "Military kills 2 'takfiris' and arrests 9 in North Sinai". Mada Masr. 14 May 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  156. ^ "Six "extremists" killed in air strike in Sinai". Aswat Masriya. 20 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  157. ^ "Head of Sinai terror group reported killed". AP. 22 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  158. ^ "Officer killed, 2 conscripts injured in Egypt's North Sinai". Al-Ahram. 23 May 2014.
  159. ^ "Soldier shot dead in Rafah by unidentified assailants". Daily News Egypt. 28 May 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  160. ^ "Security raids kill seven Islamist militants in North Sinai". Ahram Online. 5 June 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  161. ^ "Militants attack Sinai checkpoint; 1 civilian killed, 1 soldier injured". Cairo Post. 8 June 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  162. ^ "Egyptian army soldier killed in North Sinai attack". Al-Ahram. 11 June 2014.
  163. ^ "8 extremists killed in security raids in Egypt's Sinai". Shanghai Daily. 17 June 2014.
  164. ^ a b "19 gunmen killed in security raid in Egypt's Sinai". Xinhua. 23 June 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  165. ^ "Egypt forces kill militants, arrest others in Sinai offensive". Al-Ahram. 22 June 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  166. ^ "Four CSF recruits killed in Rafah by unidentified assailants". Egypt Independent. 29 June 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
  167. ^ "Two killed in Egypt's Sinai attack on police officer". Al-Ahram. 28 June 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
  168. ^ "Egyptian army kills 17 Islamist militants in North Sinai". Al-Ahram. 3 July 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  169. ^ "Egyptian soldier killed in Sinai bombing: AFP". AFP. 9 July 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
  170. ^ "8 killed, 25 injured in explosions in Egypt's Sinai". Associated Press. Indian Express. 14 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  171. ^ "Seven Jihadists killed in North Sinai". Cairo Post. 16 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  172. ^ "Army kills 7 in Sinai raid". Daily News Egypt. 16 July 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
  173. ^ "Egyptian police officer shot dead in North Sinai". Ahram Online. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
  174. ^ "Islamic militants kill 2 tribal leaders in Egypt". AP. 21 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
  175. ^ "Unidentified gunmen kill guard in Sinai's Arish". Aswat Masriya. 22 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  176. ^ "Two "extremists" killed and 15 arrested in Sinai - army". Aswat Masriya. 23 July 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
  177. ^ "Three "extremists" killed, two injured in crackdown in Sinai". Aswat Masriya. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  178. ^ "Two police officers killed in North Sinai". Ahram Online. 25 July 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
  179. ^ "Egypt army kills 12 suspected militants in Sinai". Al-Ahram. 26 July 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  180. ^ "Rocket kills four children in Egypt near Gaza border -sources". Reuters Africa. 26 July 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  181. ^ "6 RPGs fired at a Sufi mosque in Sinai's Al-Arish". Al-Ahram. 26 July 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  182. ^ "Egypt forces kill 14 suspected militants in Sinai". Al-Ahram. 27 July 2014. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
  183. ^ "5 killed following security mission in Sinai". The Cairo Post. 3 August 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  184. ^ "Boy killed in rocket attack in Egypt's Sinai". Indo-Asian News Service. Zee News. 3 August 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  185. ^ "Egypt kills 11 suspected extremists in Sinai". Xinhua News Agency. Shanghai Daily. 4 August 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  186. ^ "Barak agrees to Egypt deploying troops, vehicles in Sinai". Jerusalem Post. 26 August 2011. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  187. ^ Somfalvi, Attila (21 August 2012). "Lieberman: Don't let Egypt get away with violations". Yedioth Ahronot. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  188. ^ Kershner, Isabel (21 August 2012). "Israel Asks Egypt to Remove Tanks From Sinai". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  189. ^ a b Rudoren, Jodi (22 August 2012). "Developments in Iran and Sinai Deepen Israel's Worries About Egypt". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  190. ^ Winer, Stuart (21 August 2012). "After buildup, Israel tells Egypt to remove tanks from Sinai". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  191. ^ a b "Clinton urges Egypt, Israel to talk on Sinai". Reuters. The Jerusalem Post. 23 August 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
  192. ^ Davidovitch, Joshua (24 August 2012). "Barak and Egyptian counterpart reportedly come to terms over Sinai offensive". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
  193. ^ "Egypt tells Israel military presence in Sinai is temporary". The Times of Israel. 25 August 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
  194. ^ "Morsi's message to Israel: No reason for concern". Yedioth Ahronot. 28 August 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  195. ^ Shmulovich, Michal (8 September 2012). "Egypt says it has killed 32 'criminals' and arrested 38 since Sinai terror attack". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  196. ^ "CNN: US offers Egyptian army intelligence aid for Sinai battles". Israel Hayom; Reuters. Israel Hayom. 21 August 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  197. ^ Winer, Stuart; Ben Zion, Ilan (22 August 2012). "Washington calls for Egyptian transparency amid military buildup in Sinai". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 23 August 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  198. ^ "US urges Egypt to retake control of Sinai". The Jerusalem Post. 23 August 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
  199. ^ Keinon, Herb (21 August 2012). "Int'l force in Sinai quiet amid concern of Egypt violations". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  200. ^ "Blast rocks Egypt's gas pipeline to Israel, Jordan". Reuters. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  201. ^ "His Excellency Mr. Alaa Batayneh on Jordan's path towards energy independence". Naturalgaseurope.com. 16 May 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  202. ^ "Less than a warzone". Mada Masr. 9 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  203. ^ "Inside Egypt's crackdown on Islamist militants". CBS. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sinai_insurgency&oldid=619846063"