Timeline of Milan
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Milan, Italy.
BC era
| History of Italy |
|---|
 |
 Italy portal |
- 222 BC - Romans conquer Mediolanum.[1]
3rd–8th centuries
- 3rd century AD - Roman Catholic diocese of Milan established.[2]
- 286 AD - Western Roman Empire capital moves from Rome to Mediolanum.[1]
- 313 - Edict of Milan.
- 370 - Basilica of San Lorenzo consecrated.
- 379 - Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio consecrated.
- 382 - San Nazaro in Brolo construction begins.
- 402 - City besieged by Visigoths.
- 452 - City besieged by Huns.
- 538 - City sacked by Ostrogoths.
- 569 - Lombards conquer city.
- 774 - Milan surrenders to the Franks.
12th–14th centuries
- 1162 - Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa seizes and destroys Milan.
- 1183 - Milan becomes a duchy.
- 1233 - Palazzo della Ragione built.
- 1277 - Battle of Desio.
- 1336 - Public clock installed.[3]
- 1381 - Chiesa di Santa Maria alla Scala built.
- 1386 - Milan Cathedral begins construction.
15th–16th centuries
- 1447
- House of Sforza takes power.[4]
- Golden Ambrosian Republic begins.
- 1456 - Ospedale Maggiore begins construction.
- 1471 - Printing press in operation.[5][6]
- 1482 - Santa Maria delle Grazie built.
- 1493 - Santa Maria presso San Celso begins construction.
- 1496 - Chiesa di Santa Maria della Passione built.
- 1497 - Apicius de re Coquinaria cookbook published.[7]
- 1498 - Leonardo paints The Last Supper in the Santa Maria delle Grazie church.[4]
- 1508 - Santa Maria alla Fontana built.
- 1535 - City becomes part of Habsburg Spain.
- 1562 - Palazzo dei Giureconsulti begins construction.
- 1565 - Casa degli Omenoni built (approximate date).
- 1579 - San Fedele built.
- 1580 - Plague.[8]
17th century
- 1608 - Palazzo del Senato construction begins.
- 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens.
- 1618 - Pinacoteca Ambrosiana opens.
- 1630 - Plague begins.[8][9]
- 1631 - Palazzo Annoni construction begins.
- 1644 - Palazzo delle Scuole Palatine rebuilt.
18th century
- 1717 - Teatro Regio Ducal built.
- 1761 - Palazzo Litta built.
- 1762 - Madonnina (statue) erected.
- 1774 - Orto Botanico di Brera (garden) established.[10]
- 1776 - Brera Academy founded.
- 1778
- La Scala inaugurated.
- Royal Palace of Milan expanded.
- 1779 - Teatro Lirico built.
- 1784 - Giardini Pubblici Indro Montanelli established.
- 1786
- Biblioteca di Brera (library) opens.
- Archivio di Stato di Milano (state archives) established.[11]
- 1793 - Palazzo Serbelloni built.
- 1796 - Milan declared capital of Cisalpine Republic.
19th century
- 1802 - Milan becomes capital of the Napoleonic Italian Republic.[12]
- 1805 - Coronation of Napoleon as King of Italy.[12]
- 1807 - Milan Conservatory established.
- 1808
- Milan Stock Exchange established.
- Casa Ricordi music publisher in business.[13]
- 1817 - Caffè Cova in business on Via Monte Napoleone.[7]
- 1820 - Revolutionary Carbonari arrested.[14]
- 1824 - Pasticceria Marchesi in business.[15]
- 1838 - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano founded.
- 1840 - Milan-Monza railway begins operating.
- 1842 - Premiere of Verdi's opera Nabucco.[16]
- 1848 - Five Days uprising against Austrian Empire.[12]
- 1860
- Campari in business.[7]
- Antonio Beretta becomes mayor.
- 1861
- Milan becomes part of Kingdom of Italy.
- City hall opens in Palazzo Marino.
- 1863 - Istituto Tecnico Superiore founded.
- 1864 - Stazione di Milano Centrale (1864) opens at Piazza della Repubblica (Milan).
- 1870 - Hoepli publisher in business.
- 1871 - Population: 261,976.[17]
- 1872
- Pirelli company founded.
- Ca' de Sass built.
- Teatro Dal Verme opens.
- 1873 - Società Storica Lombarda (history society) founded.
- 1876
- Corriere della Sera newspaper begins publication.[18]
- Trams begin operating.
- 1877 - Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II built.
- 1879
- Milano Affori railway station and Milano Bovisa-Politecnico railway station open.
- "Società d'Esplorazione Commerciale in Africa" founded.
- 1881 - Population: 321,839.[19]
- 1883 - Salumi Peck (company) in business.[7][20]
- 1886
- Breda manufactory in business.
- German School of Milan founded.
- 1888 - Parco Sempione established.
- 1891 - Camera del Lavoro (labor centre)[20] and Società escursionisti milanesi (hiking club)[21] founded.
- 1894 - Touring Club Italiano established.
- 1896
- Casa di Riposo per Musicisti founded.
- Italo Pacchioni creates "first Italian film" Arrivo del treno alla Stazione di Milano.[12][22]
- 1897 - Population: 470,558.[23]
- 1898 - Bava-Beccaris massacre.[12]
- 1899
- Milan Football and Cricket Club founded.[24]
- Parini statue erected in Piazza Cordusio.
20th century
1900s–1940s
- 1902 - Bocconi University founded.
- 1903 - Palazzo Castiglioni built.
- 1906
- Confederazione Generale del Lavoro (labor union) headquartered in Milan.[12]
- Milan International (1906) world's fair held
- Simplon Tunnel opens.
- Casa Campanini built.
- Population: 560,613.[19]
- 1907 - Turci Calzature (shoe shop) in business.
- 1908 - Internazionale Milano football club founded.[24]
- 1909 - Malpensa Airport established.
- 1911 - Bar Jamaica in business.
- 1912 - Messina tram depot built.
- 1915
- Castello Cova built.
- American Chamber of Commerce established.[25][26]
- 1917
- Galleria Pesaro opens.
- La Rinascente (shop) in business.[25]
- 1919 - Fascio di Combattimento political group founded.[14]
- 1921
- Milan Sample Fair begins.[27]
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore established.
- 1922 - Novecento Italiano art movement active.[28]
- 1924 - University of Milan founded.
- 1926 - Stadio San Siro opens.
- 1927 - A. Rizzoli & Co. founded.
- 1930 - Planetario di Milano inaugurated.
- 1931 - Milano Centrale railway station opens.
- 1932 - Palazzo Mezzanotte (stock exchange) built.
- 1933
- Trolleybuses begin operating.
- Torre Branca built in Parco Sempione.[29]
- 1934 - Institute for International Political Studies founded.
- 1935 - Villa Necchi Campiglio (residence) built.[30][31]
- 1937 - Linate Airport opens.
- 1939
- A.C. Milan football club active.[24]
- Anteo Spazio Cinema opens.[32]
- 1942 - Teatro Smeraldo opens.
- 1945 - 29 April: Corpse of executed Mussolini brought to Piazzale Loreto.[12]
- 1947 - Piccolo Teatro founded.[33]
1950s–1990s
- 1954 - Padiglione d'Arte Contemporanea inaugurated.
- 1955
- FrancoAngeli publisher in business.
- Centro di Documentazione Ebraica Contemporanea founded.
- 1956 - Palazzo dell'Arengario built.
- 1958 - Milan Fashion Week begins.
- 1960 - Cinema Ambasciatori opens.[32]
- 1961 - Milan Furniture Fair begins.
- 1962 - Amica fashion magazine in publication.
- 1964 - Milan Metro begins operating.
- 1968 - IULM University of Milan founded.
- 1969 - Piazza Fontana bombing.[14]
- 1974 - Quelli di Grock theatre troupe founded.
- 1975 - Armani fashion house founded.
- 1979 - MIP- Politecnico di Milano School of Management formed.
- 1980
- Plastic (nightclub) opens.
- Parco Alessandrini inaugurated.
- 1982 - Domus Academy established.
- 1985 - Dolce & Gabbana fashion house founded.
- 1986 - Class Editori founded.
- 1987
- MF Milano Finanza newspaper begins publication.
- Massimo De Carlo art gallery opens.[1]
- 1990
- Milan Metro Line 3 begins operating.[34]
- Parco Agricolo Sud Milano established.
- 1991
- Viafarini (art entity) established.[35]
- 10 Corso Como in business.[36]
- 1995 - Documentation Center for Visual Arts founded.[35]
- 1996 - Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Trussardi Foundation established.
- 1997 - Milan Passante railway begins operating.
- 1998 - University of Milan Bicocca established.
- 1999 - Malpensa Express begins operating.
21st century
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2012) |
- 2001
- 23 May: 2001 UEFA Champions League Final held in Milan.[24]
- 8 October: Linate Airport disaster.[12]
- City website online (approximate date).[37][chronology citation needed]
- O’artoteca (art organization) founded.[35]
- 2002
- Orto Botanico di Cascina Rosa established.
- Teatro degli Arcimboldi opens.
- 2004
- Gruppo A12 architects active.
- Bulgari Hotel in business.
- 2006
- Lettera27 headquartered in Milan.[2]
- Letizia Moratti becomes mayor.[38]
- 2008
- 2009
- Peep Hole[35] and Cardi Black Box art gallery active.[39]
- Homeless World Cup football contest held.
- 2010 - Population: 1,315,803.[40]
- 2011 - Giuliano Pisapia becomes mayor.[41]
- 2012
- Portello Park inaugurated.[42]
- Milan Area C congestion charge begins.
- Milan-Naples Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori (train) begins operating.[43]
- 2013 - Population: 1,262,101 municipality; 3,075,083 province.[44]
- 2015 - 1 May: Expo 2015 world fair opens.
- 2016 - June: Milan municipal election, 2016 held.
See also
Timelines of other cities in the macroregion of Northwest Italy:(it)
- Liguria region: Timeline of Genoa
- Lombardy region: Timeline of Bergamo; Brescia; Cremona; Mantua; Pavia
- Piedmont region: Timeline of Novara; Turin
References
- ^ a b Haydn 1910.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Italy". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- ^ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). "The First Public Clocks". History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Michael Wyatt, ed. (2014). "Timeline". Cambridge Companion to the Italian Renaissance. Cambridge University Press. p. xxi+. ISBN 978-1-139-99167-4.
- ^ Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Italy: Milano". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company – via HathiTrust.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ "Index: Place of Publication: Milan", Incunabula Short Title Catalogue: the International Database of 15th-century European Printing, UK: British Library, retrieved 3 December 2017
- ^ a b c d James Trager (1995), The Food Chronology, New York: Henry Holt, OL 1275146M
- ^ a b "Plague at Milan", Saturday Magazine, no. 52, London, 27 April 1833
- ^ D'Amico 2001.
- ^ "Garden Search: Italy". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- ^ Damiano Muoni (1874). Archivi di Stato in Milano: Prefetti o direttori, 1468-1874 (in Italian).
{{cite book}}: Check|author=value (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h Mark Gilbert; Robert K. Nilsson (2007). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Modern Italy. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6428-3.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Chester L. Alwes (2012). "Choral Music in the Culture of the 19th Century". In André de Quadros (ed.). Cambridge Companion to Choral Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-11173-7.
Music publishers of the 18th to the early 20th c. (chronological list)
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Zygmunt G. Baranski and Rebecca J. West, ed. (2001). "Chronology". Cambridge Companion to Modern Italian Culture. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-55982-9.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ "Pasticceria Marchesi: ricordi al profumo di pasta frolla". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Milan. 14 May 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
- ^ Radio 3. "Opera Timeline". BBC. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1873.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ "Milan (Italy) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
- ^ a b Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b "Cronologia di Milano" [Timeline of Milan]. Storia di Milano (in Italian). Retrieved 30 June 2015.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|editors=ignored (|editor=suggested) (help) - ^ A.J. Mackintosh (1907). "Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907". Alpine Journal (177). UK.
- ^ Richard Abel, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Early Cinema. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-23440-5.
- ^ "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899 – via HathiTrust.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d Tom Dunmore (2011). Historical Dictionary of Soccer. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7188-5.
- ^ a b Merlo 2006.
- ^ Bulletin of the American Chamber of Commerce in Milan, vol. 1, 1915
- ^ "Milan Fair", Trade Bulletin of the Italy America Society, June 1925
- ^ Chris Michaelides, ed. (2007). "Chronology of the European Avant Garde, 1900─1937". Breaking the Rules: The Printed Face of the European Avant Garde 1900-1937. Online Exhibitions. British Library.
- ^ New York Times 2010.
- ^ "Leading Mansion". New York Times. 30 April 2010.
- ^ Wall Street Journal 2010.
- ^ a b "Movie Theaters in Milan". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
- ^ François Colbert (2005). "Company Profile: The Piccolo Teatro of Milan: Theatre of Europe". International Journal of Arts Management. 7. JSTOR 41064853.
- ^ Trono 2002.
- ^ a b c d "Italy". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
- ^ Ten of the world’s most beautiful bookshops, BBC, 27 March 2014
- ^ "Comune di Milano" (in Italian). Archived from the original on June 2001 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|archivedate=(help) - ^ "Il Sindaco" (in Italian). Comune di Milano. Archived from the original on 7 October 2006.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; 4 November 2006 suggested (help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Leading Mansion - Exhibitions". Milano: Cardi Black Box. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
- ^ "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
- ^ "Italian mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
- ^ "Inaugurato il Parco Portello" (in Italian). Comune di Milano. 6 December 2012.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
- ^ "Resident Population". Demo-Geodemo. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
This article incorporates information from the Italian Wikipedia.
Bibliography
See also: Bibliography of Milan
Published in the 16th-19th century
- in English
- Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Milan", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Milan". Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Josiah Conder (1834), "Milan", Italy, The Modern Traveller, vol. 31, London: J.Duncan
{{citation}}:|author=has generic name (help); External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Mariana Starke (1839), "Milan", Travels in Europe (9th ed.), Paris: A. and W. Galignani
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Valery (1842). "Milan". Italy and its Comforts. London: Longman.
{{cite book}}: External link in|author=and|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - "Milan", Black's Guide to Italy, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1869
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - William Smith, ed. (1872) [1854]. "Mediolanum". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - "Milan", Ballou's Monthly Magazine, Boston: Thomes & Talbot, February 1875
- Fin Bec (August 1876), "Under Foreign Mahogany: Hotel Life in Milan", Gentleman's Magazine, London
- George Henry Townsend (1877), "Milan", A Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - "Milan", Cook's Tourist's Handbook for Northern Italy, London: T. Cook & Son, 1881
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - J. Hardmeyer (1884), Milan, Illustrated Europe, Zurich: Orell Füssli & Co.
- W. Pembroke Fetridge (1884), "Milan", Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East (23rd ed.), New York: Harper & Brothers
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - "Milan", Appleton's European Guide Book, New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1888
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - "Milan", Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Italy, London: W.J. Adams & Sons, 1894
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - "Milan", Hand-book for Travellers in Northern Italy (16th ed.), London: John Murray, 1897, OCLC 2231483
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)
- in other languages
- Bernardino Corio (1554), L'historia di Milano (in Italian), Vinegia: Giovan Maria Bonelli
- Morigia, Paolo (1595), La nobiltà di Milano, Milan: Pontio; 2nd edn (1619) with additions by Girolamo Borsieri, Milan: Bidelli.
- Guide des étrangers à Milan et dans les environs de cette ville (in French), Milan: Pierre et Joseph Vallardi, 1819
- Pietro Verri (1850), Storia di Milano (in Italian), Milano: Oliva
- "Milano". Nuova Enciclopedia Italiana (in Italian) (6th ed.). Torino: Unione Tipografico-Editrice Torinese. 1887.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)
Published in the 20th century
- in English
- George Charles Williamson (1901), "Milan", Cities of Northern Italy, New York: A. Wessels company, OCLC 6516634
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Cecilia M. Ady (1907), History of Milan under the Sforza, London: Methuen & Co., OCLC 4369439
- Milan, Mediaeval Towns, London: J.M. Dent & Co., 1908
- "Milan", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Milan", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co. – via Hathi Trust
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - "Milan", Northern Italy (14th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1913
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) + 1870 ed. - W.J. Rolfe (1914), "Milan", Satchel Guide for the Vacation Tourist in Europe, Boston: Houghton Mifflin
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - John Foot (1995). "The Family and the 'Economic Miracle': Social Transformation, Work, Leisure and Development at Bovisa and Comasina (Milan), 1950-70". Contemporary European History. 4. doi:10.1017/s0960777300003507. JSTOR 20081556.
- Trudy Ring, ed. (1996). "Milan". Southern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 3. Fitzroy Dearborn. OCLC 31045650.
- John Foot (1999). "Television and the City: The Impact of Television in Milan, 1954-1960". Contemporary European History. 8. JSTOR 20081718.
- Stefano D'Amico (2000). "Crisis and Transformation: Economic Organization and Social Structures in Milan, 1570-1610". Social History. 25. JSTOR 4286606.
- in Italian
- Francesco Malaguzzi Valeri (1906), Milano (in Italian), Bergamo: Istituto Italiano d'Arti Grafiche
- "Milano". Piemonte, Lombardia, Canton Ticino. Guida d'Italia (in Italian). Milan: Touring Club Italiano. 1916. p. 5+ – via HathiTrust.
- Storia di Milano (in Italian). Fondazione Treccani. OCLC 461149469. 1953-1966 (17 volumes)
- Luigi Ganapini. Una città in guerra (Milano, 1939-1951) (Milan: Angeli, 1988)
- Achille Rastelli. Bombe sulla città. Gli attacchi aerei alleati: le vittime civili a Milano (Milan: Mursia, 2000)
Published in the 21st century
- in English
- Stefano D'Amico (2001). "Rebirth of a City: Immigration and Trade in Milan, 1630-59". The Sixteenth Century Journal. 32. JSTOR 2671508.
- Anna Trono; Maria Chiara Zerbi (2002). "Milan: The city of constant renewal". GeoJournal. 58.
- Elisabetta Merlo; Francesca Polese (2006). "Turning Fashion into Business: The Emergence of Milan as an International Fashion Hub". Business History Review. 80. JSTOR 25097225.
- "Insider's Guide to Milan", Wall Street Journal, 2 October 2010
- "You Know You're a Milan Insider When". New York Times. 15 October 2010.
- Chris Wickham (2015). "Milan". Sleepwalking into a New World: The Emergence of Italian City Communes in the Twelfth Century. Princeton University Press. pp. 21–66. ISBN 978-1-4008-6582-6.
- in Italian
- Francesco Ogliari. Fiamme su Milano: I bombardamenti aerei 1940-1945 (Pavia: Selecta, 2005)
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Milan.
- Europeana. Items related to Milan, various dates.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Milan, various dates
