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Tue Rechnung! Donnerwort, BWV 168

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Tue Rechnung! Donnerwort
BWV 168
Church cantata by J. S. Bach
Parable of the Unjust Steward, etching by Jan Luyken, Bowyer Bible
OccasionNinth Sunday after Trinity
Cantata textSalomon Franck
Chorale"Herr Jesu Christ, du höchstes Gut" by Bartholomäus Ringwaldt
Performed29 July 1725 (1725-07-29): Leipzig
Movementssix
VocalSATB solo and choir
Instrumental
  • 2 oboes d'amore
  • 2 violins
  • viola
  • continuo

Johann Sebastian Bach composed the church cantata Tue Rechnung! Donnerwort (Settle account! Word of thunder),[1] BWV 168 in Leipzig for the ninth Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 29 July 1725.

Bach set a text by Salomo Franck, a librettist with whom he had worked in Weimar. The text, which Franck had published in 1715, uses the prescribed reading from the Gospel of Luke, the parable of the Unjust Steward, as a starting point for thoughts about the debt of sin and its "payment", using monetary terms. He concluded the text with a stanza from Bartholomäus Ringwaldt's hymn "Herr Jesu Christ, du höchstes Gut". Bach structured the cantata in six movements and scored it intimately, as he did for many of Franck's works, for four vocal parts, combined only in the chorale, two oboes d'amore, strings and basso continuo. It is the first new composition in his third year as Thomaskantor in Leipzig.

History and words

Bach composed the cantata in Leipzig for the Ninth Sunday after Trinity as the first cantata of his third cantata cycle, being the first new composition in his third year as Thomaskantor in Leipzig.[2] The libretto is by Salomon Franck who was a court poet in Weimar. Bach had often set Franck's texts when he was Konzertmeister (concertmaster) there from 1714 to 1717. Franck published the text of Tue Rechnung! Donnerwort in 1715 as part of the collection Evangelisches Andachts-Opffer, and Bach would probably have used at the time had it not been for a period of mourning for Prince Johann Ernst of Saxe-Weimar.[2]

The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the Epistle to the Romans, a warning of false gods and consolation in temptation (1 Corinthians 10:6–13), and from the Gospel of Luke, the parable of the Unjust Steward (Luke 16:1–9). Franck's text is closely related to the Gospel, beginning with a paraphrase of verse 2 in the opening aria. The situation of the unjust servant is generalized; he is seen wanting mountains and hills to fall on his back, as mentioned in Luke 23:30. Franck uses explicit monetary terms to speak about the debt, such as "Kapital und Interessen" (capital and interest). A turning point is reached in the fourth movement, referring to the death of Jesus which "crossed out the debt". The cantata is concluded by the eighth stanza of Bartholomäus Ringwaldt's hymn "Herr Jesu Christ, du höchstes Gut" (1588).[3][4] Bach had treated the complete chorale a year before in his chorale cantata Herr Jesu Christ, du höchstes Gut, BWV 113, for the eleventh Sunday after Trinity.

Bach first performed the cantata on 29 July 1725.[3]

Music

Structure and scoring

Bach structured the cantata in six movements and scored it intimately, as he did for many of Franck's works. The singers consist of four vocal soloists (soprano (S), alto (A), tenor (T), and bass) (B) plus a four-part choir only in the chorale. The instrumental parts are for two oboes d'amore (Oa), two violins (Vl), viola (Va) and basso continuo (Bc).[5] The title of the autograph score reads: "9 post Trinit. / Thue Rechnung! Donner Wort / a / 4 Voci / 2 Hautb. d'Amour / 2 Violini / Viola / e / Continuo / di / J.S.Bach".[6] The duration is given as 17 minutes.[7]

In the following table of the movements, the scoring and keys and time signatures are taken from Alfred Dürr, using the symbol for common time (4/4).[7] The instruments are shown separately for winds and strings, while the continuo, playing throughout, is not shown.

Movements of Tue Rechnung! Donnerwort, BWV 168
No. Title Text Type Vocal Winds Strings Key Time
1 Tue Rechnung! Donnerwort Franck Aria B 2Vl Va B minor common time
2 Es ist nur fremdes Gut Franck Recitative T 2Oa common time
3 Kapital und Interessen Franck Aria T 2Oa (unis.) F-sharp minor 3/8
4 Jedoch, erschrocknes Herz, leb und verzage nicht Franck Recitative B common time
5 Herz, zerreiß des Mammons Kette Franck Aria S A E minor 6/8
6 Stärk mich mit deinem Freudengeist Ringwaldt Chorale SATB 2Oa 2Vl Va B minor common time

Movements

1

The work opens with a bass aria, accompanied by the strings, "Tue Rechnung! Donnerwort" (Settle account! Word of thunder).[1] Christoph Wolff notes:

Bach translates Franck's baroque poetry into an extraordinarily gripping musical form. The virtuoso string writing in the opening aria prepares and then underscores the emphatically articulated "word of thunder, that can shatter even the rocks"[1] ("Donnerwort, das die Felsen selbst zerspaltet"), and which causes the blood to "run cold" ("Blut erkaltet").[2]

2

The recitative, "Es ist nur fremdes Gut" (It is only an alien good)[1] is the first movement with the full orchestra.[2] The oboes first play long chords, but finally illustrate figuratively the text, speaking of toppling mountains and "the flash of His countenance". The musicologist Julian Mincham notes that Bach's recitative is "both melodic and dramatic throughout", showing his familiarity with "the best contemporary operatic styles".[8]

3

A tenor arie with the oboes in unison develops "Kapital und Interessen" (Capital and interest).[1] Klaus Hofmann calls the movement dance-like.[9]

4

A secco recitative for bass demands: "Jedoch, erschrocknes Herz, leb und verzage nicht!" (Nevertheless, terrified heart, live and do not despair!).[1]

5

A duet of the upper voices, only accompanied by the continuo, reflects "Herz, zerreiß des Mammons Kette" (Heart, rend the chains of Mammon).[1] Hofmann notes the dotted rhythm of the dance Canarie to the often canonic imitation of the voices. The word "zerreiß" (tear asunder) is depicted by a rest afterwards. The fetters (Kette) are illustrated with "slurred coloraturas", the term "Sterbebett" (deathbed) appears in "darkening of the harmony."[9]

6

The closing chorale, "Stärk mich mit deinem Freudengeist" (Strengthen me with Your joyful Spirit),[1][10] is a four-part setting.[3][8]

Recordings

The listing is taken from the selection on the Bach Cantatas Website.[11] Ensembles playing period instruments in historically informed performance are marked by green background.

Recordings of Tue Rechnung! Donnerwort, BWV 168
Title Conductor / Choir / Orchestra Soloists Label Year Orch. type
Die Bach Kantate Vol. 45 Helmuth Rilling
Gächinger Kantorei
Bach-Collegium Stuttgart
Hänssler 1970 (1970)
J. S. Bach: Das Kantatenwerk · Complete Cantatas · Les Cantates, Folge / Vol. 39 – BWV 164–169 Nikolaus Harnoncourt
Tölzer Knabenchor
Leonhardt-Consort
Telefunken 1987 (1987) Period
Bach Edition Vol. 8 – Cantatas Vol. 3 Pieter Jan Leusink
Holland Boys Choir
Netherlands Bach Collegium
Brilliant Classics 1999 (1999) Period
J. S. Bach: Trinity Cantatas I John Eliot Gardiner
Monteverdi Choir
English Baroque Soloists
Archiv Produktion 2000 (2000) Period
J. S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 15 Ton Koopman
Amsterdam Baroque Choir
Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra
Antoine Marchand 2002 Period
J. S. Bach: Cantatas Vol. 40 – Cantatas from Leipzig 1724 - BWV 79, 137, 164, 168 Masaaki Suzuki
Bach Collegium Japan
BIS 2007 (2007) Period


References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Dellal, Pamela. "BWV 168 – "Tue Rechnung! Donnerwort"". Emmanuel Music. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d Wolff, Christoph. "The transition between the second and the third yearly cycle of Bach's Leipzig cantatas (1725)" (PDF). Bach Cantatas Website. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  3. ^ a b c Dürr, Alfred (1981). Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach (in German). Vol. 1 (4 ed.). Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag. pp. 395–397. ISBN 3-423-04080-7.
  4. ^ "Herr Jesu Christ, du höchstes Gut / Text and Translation of Chorale". Bach Cantatas Website. 2006. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  5. ^ Bischof, Walter F. "BWV 168 Tue Rechnung! Donnerwort". University of Alberta. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  6. ^ Grob, Jochen (2014). "BWV 168 / BC A 116" (in German). s-line.de. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  7. ^ a b Dürr, Alfred (2006). The Cantatas of J. S. Bach: With Their Librettos in German-English Parallel Text. Translated by Richard D. P. Jones. Oxford University Press. pp. 473–478. ISBN 978-0-19-929776-4.
  8. ^ a b Mincham, Julian (2010). "Chapter 2 BWV 168 Tue Rechnung! Donnerwort! / Make Reckoning! Oh thunderous word!". jsbachcantatas.com. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  9. ^ a b Hofmann, Klaus (2007). "Tue Rechnung! Donnerwort / (Give an Account! Thunderous Word), BWV 168" (PDF). Bach Cantatas Website. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  10. ^ "Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / Herr Jesu Christ, du höchstes Gut". Bach Cantatas Website. 2006. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  11. ^ Oron, Aryeh. "Cantata BWV 168 Tue Rechnung! Donnerwort". Bach Cantatas Website. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
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