Gallamine triethiodide

Gallamine triethiodide
Clinical data
Trade names	Flaxedil
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
ATC code	M03AC02 (WHO) ;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 2,2’,2’’-[benzene-1,2,3-triyltris(oxy)]tris(N,N,N-triethylethanaminium) triiodide;
CAS Number	65-29-2 ;
PubChem CID	6172;
IUPHAR/BPS	356;
DrugBank	DB00483 ;
ChemSpider	5937 ;
UNII	Q3254X40X2;
KEGG	D02292 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:503442 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1200993 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C30H60N3O3+3 · 3 I− (gallamine triethiodide); C24H45N3O3 (gallamine)
Molar mass	891.529 g/mol (gallamine triethiodide); 423.633 g/mol; (gallamine)
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES [I-].[I-].[I-].O(c1c(OCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC)cccc1OCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC)CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC;
	InChI InChI=1S/C24H45N3O3/c1-7-25(8-2)16-19-28-22-14-13-15-23(29-20-17-26(9-3)10-4)24(22)30-21-18-27(11-5)12-6/h13-15H,7-12,16-21H2,1-6H3 ; Key:ICLWTJIMXVISSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(what is this?) (verify)

Gallamine triethiodide (Flaxedil) is a non-depolarising muscle relaxant.^[1] It acts by combining with the cholinergic receptor sites in muscle and competitively blocking the transmitter action of acetylcholine.^[2] Gallamine is a non-depolarising type of blocker as it binds to the acetylcholine receptor but does not have the biological activity of acetyl choline. Gallamine triethiodide has a parasympatholytic effect on the cardiac vagus nerve, which causes tachycardia^[3]^[4] and occasionally hypertension. Very high doses cause histamine release.^{[citation needed]}
Presence of iodine makes it radio opaque, and its ampule in a bag at airport's x-ray scanner raise the false suspicion of a bullet in the bag.

Gallamine triethiodide was commonly used to prevent muscle contractions during surgical procedures, but is now superseded by new neuromuscular blocking drugs with less side effects.

It was developed by Daniel Bovet in 1947.^[5]

The drug is no longer marketed in the United States, according to the FDA Orange Book.

References

^ "Webster's Online Dictionary - Flaxedil". Retrieved 2008-12-15.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ "RxMed: Pharmaceutical Information - FLAXEDIL". Retrieved 2008-12-15.
^ Morgenstern C, Splith G (October 1965). "[Studies on the causes of gallamine tachycardia and its antagonistic modification by beta adrenolytics]". Der Anaesthesist (in German). 14 (10): 298–301. PMID 4380161.
^ Walts LF (1963). "Ventricular tachycardia with gallamine and cyclopropane anesthesia". Anesthesiology. 24: 119. doi:10.1097/00000542-196301000-00024. PMID 13998750.
^ Raghavendra T (July 2002). "Neuromuscular blocking drugs: discovery and development". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 95 (7): 363–7. doi:10.1177/014107680209500713. PMC 1279945. PMID 12091515.

This drug article relating to the musculoskeletal system is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] "Webster's Online Dictionary - Flaxedil". Retrieved 2008-12-15.^{[permanent dead link]}

[2] "RxMed: Pharmaceutical Information - FLAXEDIL". Retrieved 2008-12-15.

[pmid4380161-3] Morgenstern C, Splith G (October 1965). "[Studies on the causes of gallamine tachycardia and its antagonistic modification by beta adrenolytics]". Der Anaesthesist (in German). 14 (10): 298–301. PMID 4380161.

[pmid13998750-4] Walts LF (1963). "Ventricular tachycardia with gallamine and cyclopropane anesthesia". Anesthesiology. 24: 119. doi:10.1097/00000542-196301000-00024. PMID 13998750.

[pmid12091515-5] Raghavendra T (July 2002). "Neuromuscular blocking drugs: discovery and development". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 95 (7): 363–7. doi:10.1177/014107680209500713. PMC 1279945. PMID 12091515.

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See also

References